Katako watsa hasumiyai: photo, size, nauyi. Shigarwa da kuma gyara na katako, dogayen sanda

Jihar na da watsa layi yana da wani gagarumin tasiri da irin amfani da goyon bayan. A lokacin da shekaru 100 na katako, hadarurruka zauna da daya daga cikin manyan Tsarin sama watsa Lines (VL).

Kawai a cikin 60s na karshe karni ya fara yi tare da m impregnation. Sa'an nan saka da yin amfani da magunguna iri iri aka ba su, amma su suna talauci aiwatar, abu don Rotting Piers. Tartsatsi miƙa mulki ga karfafa kankare ginshiƙai ba ta warware duk matsaloli, domin sun gano shortcomings, ba muhimmi a cikin kayayyakin da aka yi da itace:

• brittleness a kan tasiri.
• kananan flexural ƙarfi.
• babba nauyi.
• yayyo igiyoyin.

abũbuwan amfãni

Katako hadarurruka ba za a rubuta kashe saboda wadannan abũbuwan amfãni:

1. Low cost.
2. Haske nauyi.
3. Lokacin da katako, al'amudin da dama, masu nauyi daga abin da yake da sau 3 kasa da kankare, shi rataye a kan wayoyi ba tare da sakamako na "dominoes", halayyar da nauyi da ginshiƙai.
4. Essential a yankunan da girgizar kasa ya karu aiki.
5. More resistant zuwa iska lodi.
6. A high dielectric halaye.
7. Long sabis rayuwa da dama masana'antu (har zuwa shekaru 40).
8. Ba su bukatar musamman da tabbatarwa.

shortcomings

Tare da abũbuwan amfãni da wani katako, support yana da drawbacks.

1. Impregnating qagaggun iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu cutarwa da su ne a cikin aiki area (man fetur da man fetur, kananzir, creosote, da dai sauransu). Musamman cutarwa magungunan adana, mai-tushen. Bugu da kari, suna da wani ƙãra hadarin wuta.
2. The rajistan ayyukan dole ne a kerarre da ake buƙata diamita da kuma taper.
3. Quality kayayyakin samu ta hanyar hunturu yankan da bushewa a karkashin cover for 6 watanni. Wajibi ne a rike da katako antiseptic, don haka ba su rot.

kayan

Kayan gidan wasan kwaikwayo LEP itace samar daga coniferous itatuwa, cikinsa da guduro ne na halitta hana aifuwa na maza da kuma antiseptic. Babbar bukatar arewacin Pine, da ciwon high ƙarfi kuma elasticity. Matsaloli da cewa suna kankare ginshiƙai saboda su fragility, bã zã su halitta wani katako, support (photo kasa - da loading na ƙãre kayayyakin).

Don amfani impregnation ko creosote mai shale, kazalika da garwayayye dauke da jan karfe, chromium da arsenic. Bugu da ƙari, tare da goyon bayan hana aifuwa na maza sarrafa ta wajen wuta (wuta retardants). Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don ya binne ginshiƙai mike cikin ƙasa, ba tare da wani kankare mataki-yara, wanda ƙara musu lifespan.

A mafi sosai absorbent kayayyakin da Pine. Idan bearings ana amfani da spruce kuma larch, jiƙa su da yawa wuya.

Impregnation damar zura sandunan a binne kanta a cikin ƙasa. Kawai a nan dole ne bugu da žari kare iyakar da m iyakoki ko manna. Yana da muhimmanci kafin impregnation zuwa watanni 3 zuwa bushe katako goyon baya. Kayyade ga stepchildren na karfafa kankare take kaiwa zuwa wani tsagawa na itace karkashin bandages daga waya sanda.

Muhimmanci! Domin yi ginshikan amfani da ƙananan ɓangare na itacen (butt) a cikinsa kasa rassan da kama tsarin.

A size da kuma karfin

goyon bayan wani tsawon 3,5-13 m dangane da diameters a saman (d) da kuma kasa (D), su ne wadannan sassa .:

• haske: d = 140 mm. D = 160-220 mm;
• matsakaici: d = 160 mm. D = 180-235 mm;
• karfi: d = 195-210 mm; D = 210-260 mm.

An muhimmanci nuna alama ne da ƙarfin da kasa na tara. Domin log diamita 190 mm m lankwasawa lokacin ne 55 KNM, yayin for 240 mm - 95 KNM.

Sharudda ga selection na katako, dogayen sanda

1. Kamar yadda wani abu used arewacin Pine hunturu cuttings.
2. A cikin sama ɓangare na shafi kauri ne ba kasa da 16 cm.
3. Kamar yadda impregnation bayani amfani da mai ruwa-ruwa CCA.
4. Reliance a duk ko a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na shuka da aka impregnated a matsa lamba na 12-14 atmospheres.
5. Fasaha ramuka sanya kafin impregnation.
6. impregnation zurfin ne 85% na cikin matsanancin Layer na itace - sapwood (40 mm).
7. A impregnation tsari ne kammala, idan tana goyan bayan masu launin toka-kore launi. Idan ruwan kasa ko ruwan kasa, yana nufin cewa da dauki ba gaba daya a kan. Iyakar ya zama a bayyane a kan yanke log.
8. Goyon bayan sayar da azuzuwan C ₁ da kuma C _3, tare da cikakken sa na girma.

Features impregnating goyon bayan

A kasar gona ginshikan shigar ba tare da stepchildren. A iyakar aka impregnated da fiye da wani gefen surface. Lokacin aiki na su wanke up to 90% na m tsarin. Don hana wannan, saman karshen da aka rufe da wani rufin sanya daga galvanized size 250x250 mm da kuma kasa ne rufaffiyar lebur abu impermeable danshi.

Gost 20022.0-93 itace impregnated support karkashin wani m wakili XM-11 a kan wani bushe gishiri a cikin wani adadin 13-15 kg / m ^3. By sayen katako domin posts, ya kamata ka gano abin da yanayi da suka kasance sunã yi, saboda wasu bayani dalla-dalla wannan lambar da aka underestimated da sau 2. Ba dukkan masana'antun suna da kyau kiyaye samfurin masana'antu da fasaha. Wannan na bukatar ingancin iko kungiyar, amma da wani gwani zai iya gane shi gani.

goyon bayan samar da fasaha

A tsari ya shafi hudu manyan matakai.

1. Debarking

A wani musamman inji aka cire daga haushi phloem. Kawai bayan da gangar jikin fara bushe. Zabolonevaya itace ya kamata a shafa a mafi, tun da shi ne da impregnated da wani maganin antiseptik. Idan duka saman Layer na skived, karko da goyon baya sosai rage saboda gaskiyar cewa shi zai zama mafi yiwuwa ga Rotting. Sa'an nan wani katako, support, da girma da wanda ya dace da bukatun, ana jerawa da makõma, ita. Wasu masana'antun samar da bushewa ba tare da kau da Bast, wanda ya sa ya yiwu su hana fatattaka daga cikin itace. Sa'an nan Bast cire kamar yadda zai tsoma baki tare da aiwatar da impregnation.

2. Bushewa

Dehumidification - lengthy da kuma makamashi-m tsari, wanda ya dogara a kan ingancin da impregnation. Nedosushennuyu yiwuwa a ciki ga itace. Zafi da shi dole a samu wani matakin na 28%. Bushewa samar da sauƙi a cikin stacks (2-5 watanni.) Ko zafi iska a cikin bushewa da bẽnãye, wanda aka kẽwayãwa ta wajen magoya (7-10 kwanaki).

3. impregnation a wani autoclave

A wani wuri jam'iyya, ja da wuce haddi danshi. Sai a shiga ruwa-ruwa antiseptic rufe, sa'ilin da matsa lamba a cikin masallãci an tashi zuwa 14 ATM. Bayan bayani ne drained, da kuma sake akwai wani injin. Mafi impregnating abun da ke ciki - shi ne mai antiseptic CCA Finnish samar. Domestic takwarorinsu sanya daga masana'antu tõzarta da kuma dauke da impurities cewa rage machining zurfin da gudanarwa da wanka daga cikin abun da ke ciki daga itace.

4. danƙa

A impregnating abun da ke ciki qunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa. The rajistan ayyukan da za a shekaru don wani lokaci. Lokacin da wannan ya auku samuwar insoluble antiseptic mahadi a cikin itace tsarin. Da yawan zafin jiki ya zama tabbatacce. Don hanzarta aiwatar, da goyon bayan da aka bi da tare da superheated tururi a wani autoclave. Canada masana'antun bi rajistan ayyukan musamman Tsarin, game da shi kara da karko na kayayyakin.

HVL support

Girkawa katako, dogayen sanda samar a kan VL 3rd aji, inda maras muhimmanci aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki na 1 KV ko kasa. Mafi na kowa matsakaici goyon bayan cewa bauta wa ya kula da wayoyi. Bugu da kari, sun ga iska, lodi, kazalika da kayan aiki da kuma da kansa nauyi. Da kansa, ba za su iya tsayayya da sojojin generated tare da line, idan akwai hutu. Wannan kaya yana dauka zuwa da wuri daga cikin anga goyon bayan ƙarin struts tare da sama line axis. Amma, suka bauta wa ƙirƙirar tashin hankali waya rabo. Don gane da kaikaice lodi amfani anga goyon bayan da wuri Katakon ko "feet" a cikin perpendicular shugabanci.

Akwai kusurwa goyon bayan da a tsaye da kuma mai gangara lodi. Suna kafa kafin a juya Lines.

Girkawar da aka yi da katako, dogayen sanda da daidai sa alama na wuraren, da kuma taro - da m gwada tufafi sassa.

A rata inda notching aka sanya, kada ta kasance fiye da 4 mm. Pairing wuri tam Fitted. Ramukan ake fadi na sukar.

Maintenance kuma gyara daga katako, dogayen sanda

Katako lantarki sandunan ne batun lokaci-lokaci dubawa da kuma gyara. A lokacin rani, a zurfin 30-50 cm, duba zurfin Rotting itace. Idan log diamita 25 cm, da kuma lalata shi ne fiye da 3 cm, an dauke unusable kuma dole ne a musanya shi.

Overhaul na Lines, inda mafi yawan shigar da katako tana goyan bayan, ba kasa da shekaru 6. Sauran gyare-gyare da za'ayi a cikin sharuddan dangane da albarkatun da samuwa.

Flammability katako, dogayen sanda na bukatar aiki-m ayyukan rage shi. A gaban na katako, Consoles a kusa da wuriyar gani zurfin 0.4 m da kuma cire ciyawa tare da sarƙaƙƙiya.

Details bambanta da sandunan a sabon aiki line. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa load a kan sassa na zane iya wuce kimomi.

Idan sandunan karkata daga tsaye zuwa wani nakasasshe darajar, da ƙarin kaya zai iya sa wani canji a cikin matsayi da kuma bulala wayoyi ko touch ga daki-daki. A matsugunninsu faruwa saboda attenuation ko ƙarshe na kafuwar tushe support, ƙasa hijirar, attenuation mahadi.

Nuna qazanta karfe igiyoyi gyarawa zuwa tara. Base tona zuwa zurfin 1.5 m da kuma tuki inji daidaita goyon baya. Sa'an nan rami fada barci da kuma rammed.

Lokacin da tara ne Ƙirgar saboda loosening na hadin gwiwa tare da wani bandeji, shi daidaita ba tare da wuce sucker.

A banza tara saka bandeji. Kafin wannan rot an cire murfin post antiseptic manna.

Lalace sassa ƙarfafa wucin gadi faranti da aka yi da itace, ko kuma ƙarfe, ta amfani poluhomuty, kusoshi, kuma dauri waya.

Details kafin kau zuwa waƙar aka bari for yarda da zane sigogi.

Don ƙara rayuwa da sigogi, su ya kamata a bugu da žari impregnated a lokacin aiki ta hanyar yadawa. A karkashin kasa da kuma aboveground ɓangare na goyon baya da kuma a kan mahadi sarari kafa antiseptic bandages. A crack a saman sigogi da kari kafin kalma amfani antiseptic manna.

Saboda gaskiya cewa taro na karamin katako support, gyara yana da wuya ake bukata nauyi kayan aiki.

Shin, ba za a gyara free goyon bayan a kan duk lodi da maye gurbinsu da wani sabon daya da taimakon musamman kayan aiki.

ƙarshe

Katako sandunan da impregnation mafi alhẽri daga kankare, da kuma a wasu lokuta ma mafi alhẽri, godiya ga taro na abin yabo. Saboda haka suna rayayye amfani a yi, kana bukatar wani masana'antu misali. Wannan zai tsayar da uniform da bukatun ga duk masana'antun, don haka da ingancin tabbace.