Kara - shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na jirgin ruwa. Species kara aiki

Shipbuilding ne daya daga cikin mafi rikitarwa yankunan mutum aiki. A wannan yankin, da yawa daban-daban Concepts, da ma'anar wanda aka sani kawai zuwa kwararru. Wata irin wannan lokaci shi ne "kara". Wannan kalma da aka samu a cikin kimiyya adabi da wasannin fasaha a cikin bayanin da jiragen ruwa.

Ma'ana

Kara - wannan gaba, mai karko zane a cikin baka na jirgin. An wakilta wani karfe katako, kazalika da wani ƙirƙiran ko jefa tsiri, lankwasa a cikin siffar hanci jirgin ruwa.

Dangane da yanayin a karkashin abin da jirgin ne aiki, duk da haka shi yana gudu da kuma quality, da gidaje ne a haɗe zuwa daidai form. Kara - shi ne wani nau'i ne na ci gaba da keel da jirgin ruwa. A miƙa mulki ga keel line iya taso keya, santsi, ko kinked. A siffar na kara haifar da wani janar ra'ayi na jirgin. Ko gani jirgin ruwa jiragen ruwa za a iya gani, idan yana da wani protruding kara. Photos of wannan ɓangare na jirgin da aka gabatar a cikin labarin.

ayyuka

Kara - shi ne wani ɓangare na cewa soja jiragen ruwa mazan iri amfani da wani battering rago da karami tasoshin. A irin wannan matsalar ma zai iya yi submarines ko hallaka. Kara sanye take nauyi hawa iya shiga cikin fata na waje ba tare da tsanani lalacewa: wani rami da aka kafa a sama da waterline.

Modern jirgin ruwa sanye take da tushe, iya RAM ko submarines, wanda ake amfani da shi a yi na sosai m karfe zanen gado. Kamar yadda baka na ƙwanso yana da karfi da tasiri daga buga tãguwar ruwa, kara ba fama jiragen ruwa kamata kuma suna da wani sosai m yi.

Mene ne tushe?

A lokacin da zabar wani tushe don la'akari da nada cikin jirgi, kuma da siffar. A Shipbuilding, wadannan iri:

• Tilted gaba. A karkashin ruwa ɓangare na kara a wani kwana sauya zuwa keel daga jirgin, fiye da alama burin jama'ar gaba. Dagawa inganta kalaman da jirgin ruwa saboda wannan kara.

• Klipersky. A siffar kama da wani karkata kara. Ana amfani da a sailing jiragen ruwa.
• Bulbopodobny kara da jirgin ruwan wakilci a topside ko tilted concave line. Line, located a karkashin ruwa, yana da wani teardrop siffar. Suna sanye take da jiragen ruwa da ciwon manyan nisa daga cikin ƙwanso. By ta amfani da irin wannan kara sarrafa cimma wani raguwa a kalaman juriya da kuma kara tafiya gudun. Saboda a lokacin da keel kara kachek irin wannan nauyi da fallasa hydrodynamic sakamako, shi Qarfafa ta wajen tsaye da kuma mai gangara stiffeners.
• Icebreaker. Da kara na wani kankara aji jirgin ruwa. The line daga tushe a cikin farfajiya bangare ne karkata dan kadan a gaba. Mafi kusanta zuwa surface karkatar ne 30 digiri. Wannan guda kwana ne kiyaye a cikin karkashin ruwa zuwa ɓangare na miƙa mulki ga keel line. Jirãge sanye take da irin wannan kara, za a iya taso kan ruwa a kan kankara da sauƙi, shi prodavlivaya su nauyi.

• Direct. A karkashin ruwa yana mai mike layin, wanda smoothly wuce a cikin wani keel. Wannan tushe na da riverboat da free sarari a kan bene, wanda taso kan ruwa a kwantar da hankula surface. Mike kara ne dace da dubawa na sarari a gaban bakan wani jirgin a cikin wani wuri tare da hani da ta halarci zuwa berths.

versions

A data daga cikin jirgin bambanta da juna ma ta zane. A Shipbuilding, biye da iri suna amfani da:

• Squared. Wannan zane yana dauke su mafi tsufa. Yau irin wannan kara sanye take da tugs da kananan kama kifi boats da Squared keel. Shtevni a kankara-jirãge suna sanye take da musamman tududa (harshe), a cikin abin da harsashi faranti. Wannan zane damar da jirgin ruwa ya kula da tightness idan akwai lalacewa.
• Jefa. Ba kamar Squared kara, ta simintin siffar a giciye sashe ne sauƙi saba da waterline. Saboda fili m zanen gado kafin kara samuwar ruwa vyhrey rage. Domin ya kara da ƙarfi da simintin gyaran kafa a jirgin shtevney amfani tsaye da kuma mai gangara stiffeners.
• Takardar, ko Weld. Wadannan tushe da aka tsara don manyan, cikakken welded jiragen ruwa tare da bulbous baka na form. Domin ya hana nakasawa na ganye kara a kwance spacer zanen gado ake amfani, wanda aka sani da suna a Shipbuilding kamar yadda hanci breshtuki. Amfani da su zoba da gidajen abinci tsakanin kara da ta zanen gado jirgin ruwa. The jirgin, sanye take da kankara ƙarfafa takardar shtevnya bayar a tsaye haƙarƙari.

ƙarshe

Yau a cikin filin na Shipbuilding da aka fi amfani da irin kara bulbopodobny. A fasaha na yi irin wannan tasoshin more lokaci-cinyewa, entailing babba kudi kashe kudi. Amma da abubuwan da sakamakon towing gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa, wadannan jiragen ruwa masu azumi da kuma more amintacce.