MIG-29: Bayani dalla-dalla. MiG-29: makamai, gudun, photos

The yiwuwar tsaro masana'antu da Tarayyar Soviet akai-akai rashin sanin cikakken farashi abokan gaba, kamar yadda wani m da sosai real. A yawan samfurori na Soviet makamai ga tarihin kasar ya zama misali ga zanen kaya mafi ɓullo da industrially Amirka. Wasu daga cikin su ma ya zama wata alama ce da dakarun Tarayyar Soviet da kuma sabon Rasha. Tsarki ya tabbata inji Shpagin da Kalashnikov, T-34 da kuma T-54 "Katyusha" da sauran Rasha m samfurin ya tafi da nisa fiye da na shidansu ƙasar. Fama da jirgin sama MiG ma tambaya ga m makamai litattafansu.

A tarihin MiG Design ofishin

Design ofishin fara aiki kafin yakin duniya na II. Injiniyoyin A. I. Mikoyanu (wa na Stalin ta Commissar) da kuma M. I. Gurevichu a 1940 gudanar ya halicci wani babban jirgin saman soja, daya daga cikin halaye na mafi kyau a duniya. Yana da yawan ƙarara, amma a lokaci na farko Take-kashe gwajin wannan hur gudun inji tare da sumul contours iya gasa da wani jirgin sama a Jamus, Birtaniya, ko da Amurka.

KB ya kullum nemi ba kawai don bin duniya trends jirgin sama masana'antu, amma kuma damar da za su tambaye su. A farko samarwa jet jirgin saman soja a Tarayyar Soviet, da MiG-9, ya mayar da martani ga cin nasara aiwatar da Air Force Yammacin jirgin sama a cikin ajin.

amsawa zamanin

M mamaki ga American matukan jirgi ya MiG-15 a gudu da kuma maneuverability halaye m ga vaunted samar Northrop da kuma wasu masana'antun daga Amurka, suka yi ĩmãni da dabaru kwatantuwa. A sama a yaki a Vietnam tabbatar da kyau kwarai interceptor MiG-17 da kuma MiG-21. Akwai sauran model na jirgin sama, MiG-19 da kuma MiG-23. A lokacin da Isra'ila ta yaki da Misira nauyi wajibi MIG-25, ya sha nanata keta gaban line, yin hare-hare a kan birnin Tel Aviv. Kuma ko da yake shi ba shi da makamai, da hujjar cewa Soviet jirgin sama tashi tare da samun hukunci kan kasar, sanye take da latest Amurka iska tsaro tsarin ya daskarewa da yawa hotheads. A lambar yanki rikice-rikice, a cikin abin da Soviet soja jirgin sama MiG nuna kanta a da mafi kyau, ya zama irin na da tallata da iri, wani lamuni na ingancin kuma mafi girma yadda ya dace na Soviet soja kayan aiki. A koli na kokarin designers shi ne MiG-29. Fasaha halaye na jirgin saman soja, kuma a yau, shekaru 37 bayan karshen babbar zane aikin quite hadu zamani da bukatun domin fama motocin a cikin aji.

Muhimmanci gwamnatin aiki

A cikin marigayi sittin - farkon seventies, babban "workhorse" na Amurka Air Force, kuma da dama daga kasashen - m makiyan da Tarayyar Soviet - shi ne shahararren F-4, "fatalwa" na daban-daban gyare-gyare na kamfanin McDonnell Douglas. The zane na wannan jirgin sama da ya kasance mai nasara, shi zai iya yanke shawara a kan duniya yanayi na matsalar - daga gudanar da iska fama maneuvering to harin bom da kuma makami mai linzami kai hare-hare a kan ƙasa hari. Amma da kwarewa da Vietnam da kuma yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ya nuna cewa a kan Soviet MiG-21 da kuma ko da a baya MiG-17 domin yaki da shi da wuya. asarar rabo ya ba a cikin ni'imar da Amirkawa. A Amurka sun fara aiki a kan samar da wani canji "fatalwa", wanda a cikin sa faɗa jirgin sama F-14 "Tomcat" da kuma F-15 "Eagle". Soviet Air Force matsananciyar bukata zamani a cikin ra'ayi na dogon lokaci ayyukan kasashen waje jirgin sama masana'antun da su "Cats" da "gaggafa". KB MiG, da Soviet gwamnati kafa wani manufa. By fall na 1977 da na shirya sabon interceptor MiG-29. samfur Take-kashe da ya faru a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba. Bayan shekaru biyar, da jirgin sama sun soma Air Forces na Tarayyar Soviet.

A kadan game da bayyanar

A waɗannan shekaru, har ma da bayyanar da wani sabon nau'in makami mai bayyana sirrin. Lalle ne, da yawa neman sauyi fasaha mafita, ciki har da na ra'ayi, ya zama a rarrabe MiG-29. Photo da gangan aka buga a jaridu, ko da zanga-zanga jirgin rikodin, ya nuna a talabijin, na iya kawo kwararru maƙiya sansani a tunani na babban layi na gaba jirgin sama masana'antu. Bisa ga ra'ayin da Cif Designer M. Waldenberg goyon nasara Janar Artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, da jirgin sama da ya kasance abin da ake kira Hadakar kewaye layout. Wannan yana nufin cewa daga cikin kasashen duniya ya yarda jirgin sama division kayayyaki a kan jirgin da fuselage a KB tsallake. A duka airframe kunshi m miƙa mulki, sagging, tare da "gargajiya" gefen bangon kawai a baka.

Matakan to bi da halin asiri ya ba da} arfin hankali. Leken asiri a kan sauran mutane ta trends da kuma iya kwararru da suka tsara MiG jirgin sama. Photo m ci gaba ka koma ga "fatalwa", sanya a daya daga cikin iska nuna, ba a lokacin da ya invaluable bayanai ga injiniyoyi. A irin wannan taro da aka amfani da su MiG-23.

A ikon shuka da kuma adadi na "kararrawa"

Aircraft injuna da biyu (RD ko RD-PO-ZZK domin gyara "M"), suke located kasa da reshe. Su duka dirka iya isa daga 16.600 zuwa 17.600 kN (kgf). Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa kai-kashe nauyi na na'ura fiye da 15 ton, yana da sauki a kammala da cewa wuce tamanin da nuna alama naúrar dirka-nauyi rabo. Wannan bi da bi yana nufin cewa idan MiG-29 kafa tsaye da kuma janye gas sassa a cikin wani wuri kusa da iyaka, shi zai rataya a wuri ko lẽƙãwa ba tare da daga na reshe. Wannan fasaha yanayin ba ka damar ba kawai nuna da musamman aerobatics a kan zanga-zangar, amma kuma yana da muhimmanci m muhimmanci. Locators aiki a kan Doppler manufa da kuma iya kawai waƙa da motsi abubuwa. A lokacin aiwatar da "kararrawa" da "gamsheka" (wato abin da ake kira aerobatics a lokacin da kisan da akwai wani "fada") gudun da jirgin sama MiG-29 shi ne ya daidaita da sifili, da dukan iko da kuma shugabanci na abokan gaba iska tsaro tsarin daina ganin shi a kan su fuska .

"Gills" MiG-29

A jirgin sama gini, akwai sauran mafita cewa nuna sabo hanyoyin warware latsa matsaloli. Iko propulsion tsarin bukatar mai yawa iska, kuma shi ne sucked a cikin karža ci a manyan yawa. Idan titin jiragen sama da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara, a kan shi akwai yashi (cewa a wasu yankuna ba a rarity) ko wasu contaminants, shi duka da dama a cikin injin turbin. Akwai hanyoyi da dama da za a magance wannan annoba. Alal misali, yana yiwuwa ka shigar iska tace a cikin mota. Amma su kuma ayan samun gidan ya toshe. Ko wani bayani: a sanya iska intakes mafi girma. Amma wannan impairs da nata irin kaddarorin da airframe. A cikin hali na MiG-29 zanen kaya sun dauka wani sabon abu da kuma musamman bayani. Air ci har da daina raina na saukowa kaya ta hanyar ƙarin iska inlets a cikin sama fairing a haɗa da reshe tare da fuselage. Su biyu layuka, su suna located symmetrically a dama da hagu gefe. Suka kira "gills". Lokacin da ya tashi da saukowa daga cikin manyan iska intakes ana katange gaba daya, da kuma kawai bayan da wani sa na isa lafiya aiki tsawo da suka bude.

Avionics

Ba kawai iko injuna da kuma kyau kwarai aerodynamics ne sanannen MiG-29. Bayani dalla-dalla, abin da suka kasance rasprekrasno, a cikin zamani iska fama bai da garantin nasara, idan matukin jirgin ne ba tsara ergonomic yanayi da kuma bayanai support, ba ku da wani nan take yanke shawara. Duk da haka, har tsara ta huɗu ga wani abu tilasta, musamman kamar zuwa ga latest aukuwa na lantarki, mu m abokan adawar sun ko da yaushe aka bi da tare da mai girma da hankali. Gaskiyar cewa tushen kudin-board kwamfuta (wannan TS100.02-06) Information kuma kwamfuta Center, ba abin mamaki bane. A karo na farko a kasar (da kuma watakila a duniya) yi amfani da mutane da yawa ƙarin na'urorin zuwa sauƙaƙe aikin da matukin jirgi. A musamman, "Natasha" (kamar yadda matukan jirgin lakabi tsarin murya nuni, a gaskiya, wannan "lu'u-lu'u-UP"), mai dadi mace murya ya gaya maka cewa m aka yi a kan rashin tsawo ko gudun, sanar da game da abokan gaba, suka zo da wutsiya, ko wasu hadari, kuskure ko gaggawa.

Makamai iko sosai dace. A bayanin da aka kimanta uwa da Gilashin motan glazing tashar gini, kuma a kan lasifikan kai saka manufa nadi tsarin. Duba a jirgin saman, na ya yanke shawarar kai farmaki, tura da button tara makamai - kuma za mu iya ɗauka cewa makiya ba more. Irin wannan ne m look at mu matuka. Kuma idan rikita batun kuma rasa na sarari fuskantarwa, yana da lafiya, danna wani button da kuma jirgin sama kanta baje kuma datsa, da kuma a kan wani yi.

Lantarki management system

A zamani soja jirgin sama raba avionics da makamai kula da tsarin yana da wuya. Ba tare da m ganewa na manufa kan bango na Duniya ta surface radar lashe yau ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba, amma wannan na'urar aikin wani kewayawa aiki. MiG-29 sanye take da wani radar irin HO-93 m bi goma hari a lokaci guda. Yana da wani ɓangare na sighting kuma kewayawa hadaddun OEPRNK-29, wanda za a iya yi m Taswirar, Algorithms calculates kai hare-hare a kan sojan ruwa da kuma ƙasa hari na abokan gaba. A da tsarin akwai kuma optronic sighting tsarin Oeps-29, a lokacin da shi ne amfani da ci gaban da latest nasarori na jimla kimiyyar lissafi. A haƙiƙa an gano da kuma gano a nesa na 35 km (ga Dogons) zuwa 75 km (a free sarari). A general, wani hadadden kula da tsarin, amma duk da wannan, shi ne dace don amfani.

A shoot?

A gwaninta na da Vietnam War nuna cewa tare da wasu makamai masu linzami zuwa dogfight, musamman maneuverable, shi ne wuya. Tauye manyan bindigogi "fatalwa", da Amirkawa aka tilasta ƙirƙira musamman dakatar da kwantena tare da wani gun da kuma harsasai. MiG-dauke da makamai m-29 (1500 akai-akai da minti) GSh-301 ruwa-sanyaya stock da ciwon da ɗari bawo (30 mm zamo).

shida waje pylons saka ƙarƙashin fikafikan aka tsara don makamai masu linzami. Dangane da aiki, suka za a iya shigar SD (R-73 ko R-60M). Domin kai hare hare ƙasa hari tambaya SD irin X-25M. Tunzura wadannan nufin shi ne da za'ayi ko dai ta wani gidan talabijin sigina ko da wani Laser katako. Saiti unguided (Nar a mujallu, bam) aka samar da radar. Marine manufa shafi SD X-29 anti-jirgin makamai masu linzami, ko supersonic irin X-31A, wanda zai iya kawo wani MIG-29. Makamai m model na roka gina a cikin zane na dakatar da aka gyara.

Total bama-bamai da kuma roka iyakance iyakar fama kaya na 3 ton (tushe model) da kuma 4, 5 ton (MIG-29M).

TTX Mig-29

Jirgin Saman size da kuma nauyi na dan kadan kasa zamani American takwarorinsu, wanda sun hada da F-14 da kuma F-15. Doke shi gefe Soviet interceptor fuka-fuki dan kadan fiye da 11 mita (kamar "Tomcat" a iyakar shafa, da kuma "allura" - 13 m). Length ne 17 mita tare da iyakacin duniya-jirgin MOTA KE SHAN MAI (19 kan kowane daga cikin "Amirkawa). MiG-29, wanda Tã yi game da 15 ton, yana da sauki biyu jirgin sama - m abokan adawar (kamar goma sha takwas ton kowane). Mahada biyu turbines ya wuce cewa na American motoci, kuma ya kai 17.600 kN (14,500 y "Tomcat" da kuma kadan fiye da 13 da dubu. A "allura").

A gwada da kananan yanki na reshe (38 sq. M.) Za a iya faɗakar da wani babban musamman kaya, amma shi ne biya diyya ta high ƙarfi daga cikin airframe saboda da peculiarities na na game tsari. Mig-gudun kai 29 2.3M (2450 km / h), y bene embodiment MIG-29K ne da ɗan ƙananan fiye da 2300 km / h. Don kwatanta: F-14, iya samar da wani 1,88 M (1995 km / h) da kuma F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Wani muhimmin nuna alama - da tsawon hanya a lokacin takeoff da saukowa. Don dauki kashe da MiG, shi ya ishe titin jiragen sama tsawon na 700 mita, da kuma tare da afterburner -. Kawai 260 m ya zaune a kan wani dandali 600 mita dogon. Wannan ba ka damar amfani da shi a matsayin wani m-tushen jirgin sama (tare da wata igiya braking tsarin), ko aiki a wani talauci shirye hadahada (ko sassan na kan hanya, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin da Yugoslav wars). Game da wannan razbezhno-Probizhna halaye da biyu American motoci. Ability don amfani matsayin tushe faɗa jirgin sama dako ya sanyata kuma bayar, sanya foldable reshe wasan bidiyo. MiG-29 saukowa gudun ne 235 km / h, wanda kuma nuna ta zuwa ga "Maritime rai." American palubniki da wannan daidai wannan lokacin.

Practical MiG rufi ya kai 17,000 mita da kuma bautar da wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin F-14 da kuma F-15.

Kaddarance yaki da halaye na Soviet MiG-29, da fasaha halaye da kuma ta sassauci yale mu mu tabbatar da cewa jirgin sama ya wuce duk waje analogues, ɓullo a lokaci guda kamar yadda ya. Ability don bace daga radar fuska a tsakiyar wani iska yaƙi ba wannan mota na musamman. Innovation amfani da kula da tsarin, da m jirgin sama masana'antu kawo wani qualitatively sabon matakin. Yana da muhimmanci cewa MiG-29 na da m yiwuwar gyara. Its manufa jinsunan daban-daban fuskantarwa, daban-daban jirgin fuska, tare da daban-daban aikin nufi jirgin kayan lantarki, daga dabara jirgin saman soja horo ga "tashi tebur", bayar kan biyu dozin. Biyu daga gare su (da MiG-33 da kuma MiG-35) an rabu cikin zaman kanta CB model line su. Mikoyan da Gurevich.

Tare da daban-daban da isharori a kan fikafikan

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet soja rundunar jiragen guda jihar da aka raba tsakanin tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin. Fuskantar kudi matsaloli, da yawa daga cikinsu sun fara sayar da maras so kayan aiki. Alal misali, Moldova rasa zuwa Amurka biyu shekarun da suka gabata na yi amfani da MiG-29. A kudin kowane jirgin sama ya $ 2 da miliyan, wanda shi ne sau da yawa m fiye da kasuwa farashin. Amirkawa wannan interceptor ya bukatar tasowa dabara don yaƙar da BBC ya furta cewa, shi ne a sabis. MiGs aka sayar a cikin rikici na Afirka a Afirka da Asiya da sauran sassa na duniya.

Air-kasashe mambobin kungiyar na Warsaw yarjejeniya ma dauke da makamai MiG-29. Kusan dukkan su zo a zubar da wani "abokin" na Rasha a fuskar NATO. Jamus Luftwaffe matukan jirgi saba yafi American fasaha, da mamakin da ta'aziyya da kuma ergonomic iko - halayyar halaye na MiG-29 Soviet jirgin saman soja Photo da Maltese crosses (ganewa kiwon Jamus Air Force), da farko ya taso da uninitiated gagare shi, to, wannan duk amfani da su.

A jirgin sama ne a sabis da fiye da ashirin da biyar da kasashe, da kuma sun canza shi, alhãli kuwa duk abin da aka ba su je.

A lokacin da zabar wani maroki na tsaro kayayyakin kasashen waje, mãsu shiryuwa ne yafi yaki da halaye da siyasa sharudda. Amma ba kalla muhimmanci ne da kudi da al'amari na ma'amala. MiG-29, wanda Kudinsa 70-75 dala miliyan da naúrar, za a iya warware mafi takamaiman soja ayyuka mafi alhẽri daga gare transatlantic kishiya F-15, ga abin da "tambaya" don daruruwan miliyoyi. A zamaninmu na rikicin irin wannan bambanci a fili taka a hannun Rasha "Oboroneksportu".

MiG fama da kwarewa

Muddin gasar, "maki daga support» ( «Fulcrum», da ake kira NATO MiG-29) da kuma American "Eagles» F-15 ya na a msar tambayar yanayi, shi yiwuwa a yi jayayya cewa wasu daga cikin jirage mafi alhẽri. A farko tsanani real karo tsakanin biyu kishiya inji ya faru a sama a kan Persian Gulf (1991, "Desert Storm" aiki). A kan backdrop na] aukacin nasara, saboda m shirye-shiryen, da amfani da bayanai da kuma hikimar tantance software da kuma gwada yawa magabaci, kamar talauci aka hasken da cewa a lokacin yaki a Gulf na Allied jirgin sama da kuma ba iya lashe a kalla daya tabbatar nasara a kan Iraqi MiG 29. Fasaha halaye na interceptor matukan jirgi Hussein halitta yanayi na m nasarori, rubuce harka da lalata da Birtaniya "iskar" a arewa maso yammacin kasar Iraki (bisa ga rahotannin da ba tabbatar ya kasance ba da daya kawai).

13 Yugoslav MiG-29 (akwai 15 dauke da makamai SFRY, amma biyu zuwa farkon danniyar tabbatar da m tasowa), ya msa da yawa fiye da sau da NATO sojojin. A wasu m hanyar da American matukan jirgi (bisa ga su) ya kawo saukar da su 24. A gaskiya, shi ba haka ba tare da bravura, kamar yadda rahoton na kungiyar tsaro ta NATO matukan jirgi. Raka'a hudu da aka bamai a filin jirgin sama, daya interceptor rasa a cikin hatsari. Sauran shida da aka zahiri harbe saukar da NATO, alliance management, duk da haka, an yi ta matuqar zuwa understate nasu hasarori. Don kimanta da lambar da rabo daga abin yabo MiGs ne a halin yanzu da wuya.

Akwai wasu lokuta na fama da aiki da jirgin sama MiG-29, alhamdu lillahi wanda ba safai ba ne. A cikin wani hali, nasarar da zane na fama abin hawa za a iya hukunta ne kawai a kan lokuta da "tsarki" adawa da a kalla kamar daidai m matukan jirgi. Irin wannan aukuwa kasance kaɗan, a kwanan nan tarihi, kuma suka duk ce cewa MiG-29 na da tsawon rai gaba.