Joule - Lenz

Emiliy Hristianovich Lents (1804 - 1865) - Rasha shahara likita. Shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Electromechanics. Sunansa ake dangantawa bude dokar fassara da shugabanci na da jawo halin yanzu, da kuma a dokar fassara da lantarki filin a wani halin yanzu-dauke shugaba.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, Emiliy Lents da Turanci likita Joule karatu gwaje thermal mataki halin yanzu, da kansa da juna bude dokar bisa ga abin da adadin zafi da aka generated a cikin shugaba ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga square na lantarki gudãna ta hanyar da shugaba, ta juriya da lokacin a lokacin da wutar lantarki yanzu an kiyaye canzawa a cikin shugaba.

Wannan dokar da aka kira da Joule - Lenz, ya dabara aka bayyana kamar haka:

Q = kl²Rt, (1)

inda Q - adadin zafi 'yanci, l - yanzu, R - juriya da shugaba, t - lokaci. darajar k ake kira da thermal kwatankwacin aiki. The lamba darajar wannan darajar dogara da zabi na raka'a a cikin abin da ma'aunai suna sanya sauran canji a cikin dabara.

Idan adadin zafi ne auna a da adadin kuzari, yanzu a amperes, da juriya a ohms, da kuma lokacin da a seconds, sa'an nan k ne numerically daidai 0,24. Wannan yana nufin cewa a halin yanzu a cikin shugaba 1A ance wanda yana da juriya na 1 ohm da na biyu, da yawan zafi da yake daidai 0,24 kcal. Haka kuma, yawan zafi da adadin kuzari 'yanci a cikin shugaba za a iya lasafta ta da dabara:

Q = 0,24l²Rt.

A SI naúrar na makamashi, da adadin zafi da kuma aiki ne daukar raka'a - joules. Saboda haka, proportionality factor a Joule dokar - Lenz ne hadin kai. A wannan tsarin, da dabara Joule - Lenz ne:

Q = l²Rt. (2)

Joule ta Law - Lenz za a iya tabbatar. By karkace waya, da masu niyyar baftisma cikin ruwa zuba a cikin calorimeter, yanzu an shige a wani lõkaci. Sai lasafta yawan zafi saki a cikin calorimeter. Resistance karkace da aka sani a gaba, yanzu an auna ta an ammeter, da kuma wani agogon awon gudu lokaci. By sãɓãwar launukansa a halin yanzu a cikin da'ira da yin amfani da dama karkace, za ka iya duba da Joule - Lenz.

A kan tushen da Ohm ta dokar

I = U / R,

Musanya yanzu darajar a da dabara (2), mun samu wani sabon magana ga dabara Joule dokar - Lenz:

Q = (U² / R) t.

Formula Q = l²Rt dace don amfani a lokacin da kirga yawan zafi jefarwa a cikin jerin connection, domin a cikin wannan harka da lantarki a duk conductors na daya. Saboda haka, a lokacin da akwai wani jerin dangane da mahara conductors, kowane daga cikinsu za a kasaftawa cewa adadin zafi wanda shi ne na gwargwado ga juriya da shugaba. Idan muka hada, msl, jẽre uku wayoyi na daidaita size - tagulla, da baƙin ƙarfe, da nikelinovuyu, mafi girma adadin zafi za a sake daga nikelinovoy, tun da resistivity na ta girma, shi ne karfi kuma mai tsanani.

Idan conductors suna da alaka a layi daya, da lantarki, a cikinsu zai bambanta, da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki a iyakar irin conductors ne guda. Lissafi na da adadin zafi cewa za a saki a lokacin da irin wannan fili, shi ne mafi alhẽri da za su gudanar, ta amfani da dabara Q = (U² / R) t.

Wannan dabara ya nuna cewa ga kowane layi daya dangane shugaba ware cewa adadin zafi wanda shi ne inversely na gwargwado ga ta watsin.

Idan muka haɗa shi da uku wayoyi na daidaita kauri - tagulla, da baƙin ƙarfe, da nikelinovuyu - layi daya da juna da kuma wuce yanzu ta hanyar su, mafi girma adadin zafi saki a wani jan karfe waya, shi heats sama da kuma karfi fiye da sauran.

An fara daga Joule - Lenz, nuna daban-daban lissafi na electro shigarwa, dumama da kuma dumama kayan. lantarki da makamashi hira cikin zafi ne ma yadu amfani.