Jini clotting. A makirci na jini coagulation

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matakai abin da ke faruwa a jikin mu ne jini clotting. Makirci da shi za a iya bayyana a kasa (kamar yadda aka bayar na bayar da misali dalilai, da kuma hotuna). Kuma tun da wannan shi ne wani hadadden tsari, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da shi daki-daki.

Ta yaya ya faru?

Saboda haka, ya nuna tsari ne alhakin tsayawa zub da jini, ya faru saboda lalacewar daya ko wani bangaren na jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin na jiki.

A sauki sharuddan, za mu iya bambanta uku bulan. Farko - kunnawa. Bayan rauni zuwa jirgin ruwa fara faruwa m halayen, wadda daga ƙarshe ta kai ga samuwar ake kira prothrombinase. Wannan - wani hadadden kunshi V kuma X coagulation dalilai. An kafa a kan surface na platelet membrane phospholipid.

Na biyu lokaci - coagulation. A wannan mataki, fibrin an kafa daga fibrinogen - high kwayoyin nauyi gina jiki da cewa shi ne tushen jini clots, da kuma abin da ya faru na wanda ya shafi jini clotting. A makirci bayar a kasa nuna wannan lokaci.

Kuma a karshe, na uku mataki. Ya unshi fibrin gudan jini samuwar, halin da m tsarin. Af, wato ta hanyar wanka da bushewa, yana yiwuwa ya samu "abu" to, wanda aka yi amfani da shiri na bakararre Sponges da kuma fina-finai don tsayawa zub da jini ya sa ta katsewa na kananan tasoshin a lokacin m ayyukan.

game da halayen

Sama da shi ya taƙaice bayyana da clotting na jini. A makirci, ta hanyar, da aka ɓullo da baya a 1905 masanin kimiyya-coagulation mai suna Paul Oscar Morawitz. Kuma shi ba ya rasa ta munasaba da wannan rana.

Amma da yawa ya canza tun 1905 a fahimtar jini coagulation matsayin wani hadadden tsari. Godiya ga ci gaba, ba shakka. Masana kimiyya sun iya bude da dama da sabon halayen da kuma sunadarai da cewa suna da hannu a cikin wannan tsari. Kuma yanzu fiye da na kowa cascade makirci na jini coagulation. Godiya ta ji da kuma fahimtar wannan hadadden tsari samun kadan sauqin fahimta.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani a kasa hoto, abin da ke faruwa a zahiri "sanya fita a kan tubalin." Shan la'akari da ciki da kuma na waje tsarin - jini da nama. Ga kowane halayyar ayyana nakasawa auku saboda lalacewa. A jini tsarin lalacewa amfani jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar, collagen, protease (lazimta a kansu enzyme), da kuma catecholamines (kwayoyin neurotransmitters). A nama yana lura cell lalacewa a sakamakon wanda daya ke thromboplastin. Wanne ne wani muhimmin stimulator na jini clotting tsari (in ba haka ba ya kira coagulation). Ya ci kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini. Wannan shi ne ya "hanya", amma ya na da tsaron gida hali. Bayan da ta fara thromboplastin clotting tsari. Bayan ta saki a cikin jini ya fara aiwatar da sama uku bulan.

lokaci

Saboda haka, abin da game da shi ne a jini clotting, makirci ta taimaka wajen fahimtar. Yanzu ina son magana kadan game da lokaci.

A dukan tsari daukan a kalla 7 da minti. A lokaci na farko yana daga biyar zuwa bakwai. A wannan lokaci, prothrombin kafa. Wannan abu ne mai irin hadaddun gina jiki tsarin alhakin aiwatar kwarara daga jini coagulation da kuma thickening ikon. Wanda aka yi amfani da jiki domin thrombus samuwar. Ya clogs da lalace site, don haka da cewa da zub da jini tsaya a nan ba. All yana daukan 5-7 minti. Biyu da na uku, saukarwa faru da yawa sauri. Domin 2-5 seconds. Saboda lokaci na jini coagulation (makirci ba sama) shafi na matakai cewa faruwa a ko'ina. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa a rauni site nan da nan.

Prothrombin, bi da bi, samar a cikin hanta. Kuma ta kira daukan lokaci. Ta yaya sauri samar da isasshen prothrombin, shi ya dogara da adadin bitamin K kunshe ne a cikin jiki. Idan ya bace, da zub da jini za su daina wuya. Kuma shi ne mai tsanani matsalar. Tun da rashin bitamin K nuna wani take hakkin da kira na prothrombin. Kuma wannan - da cutar da za a bi.

karfafawa kira

To, da janar makirci na jini coagulation ne bayyananne - yanzu ya kamata a ba wasu da hankali ga topic a kan abin da ya kamata a yi don mayar da ake bukata adadin bitamin K a cikin jiki.

Don fara da - ci yadda ya kamata. A mafi girma adadin bitamin K da aka samu a kore shayi - 959 micrograms da 100 grams! Sau uku more, ba zato ba tsammani, fiye da a baki. Saboda shi ya kamata rayayye shan. Shin, ba sakaci da kuma kayan lambu - alayyafo, farin kabeji, tumatir, kore Peas, da albasarta.

A nama kuma ya ƙunshi bitamin K, amma ba a duk - kawai a naman maraki, naman sa hanta, ɗan rago. Amma na karshe abu shi ne hada da tafarnuwa, zabibi, madara, apples da inabi.

Duk da haka, idan halin da ake ciki mai tsanani ne, sa'an nan da dama menus don taimaka zai zama da wuya. Yawanci, likitoci karfi bayar da shawarar ka ka hada da rage cin abinci tare da kwayoyi da suka wajabta. Tare da magani ya kamata ba za a jinkirta. Wajibi ne maza maza domin shi ya normalize jini clotting inji. A lura regimen An wajabta likita nan da nan, kuma shi ne ma zamar masa dole ya yi gargaɗi abin da zai iya faruwa idan muka yi watsi da shawarwari. Kuma da sakamakon na iya zama wani hanta tabarbarewa, trombogemorragichesky ciwo, pernicious anemia, ƙari cututtuka da kuma lalacewar bargo kara Kwayoyin.

Schmidt makirci

A karshen XIX karni rayu wani shahararren physiologist da MD. Sunansa Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmidt. Ya rayu shekaru 63 da kuma mafi yawan lokaci kishin nazarin Hematology matsaloli. Amma ya bincika topic na jini clotting. Da ya gudanar ya tabbatar da enzymatic yanayin da tsari, don haka da cewa masanin kimiyyar ya samarwa a msar tambayar bayani. Wanda a sarari ya nuna makirci bayar a kasa clotting.

A farko wuri akwai wani rage daga cikin lalace jirgin ruwa. Sa'an nan, a wuri kafa sako-sako da aibi, primary platelet toshe. Sa'an nan kuma ya taurare. Game da shi ulla ja thrombus (in ba haka ba ake magana a kai a matsayin jini gudan jini). Bayan da cewa shi ne partially ko gaba daya narkar da.

A cikin tsari, bayyana wasu clotting dalilai. A kewaye a fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa embodiment kuma nuna su. Suna nuna Larabci numerals. Kuma akwai a total na 13. Kuma kowane daga dole ne ka gaya.

dalilai

A cikakken da'ira na jini coagulation shi yiwuwa ba tare da jeri su. To, ya kamata a fara da farko.

Factor I - shi ne mai colorless gina jiki fibrinogen. Hada a cikin hanta, narkar da a plaza. Factor II - prothrombin, wanda an riga an ambata a sama. Its musamman ikon ne su ɗaure alli ions. Kuma shi ne to da tsakiyan nonon wannan abu kafa clotting enzyme.

Factor III - shi ne wani hadadden gina jiki lipoprotein, nama thromboplastin. Its kira da kai na phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerols kuma mafi.

Wani factor, IV, suna Ca2 + ions. Wadanda cewa suna da nasaba ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani colorless gina jiki. Suna da hannu a dama hadaddun matakai, ban da clotting a mugunya neurotransmitters, misali.

Factor V - shi globulin. Wanne ne ma samar a cikin hanta. Yana ake bukata domin Daure corticosteroids (hormonal abubuwa) da su sufuri. Factor VI wasu lokaci can, amma sai aka yanke shawarar janye daga rarrabuwa. Saboda masana kimiyya sun samu - shi ya hada da factor V.

Amma da rarrabuwa bai canja ba. Saboda bayan V ke factor VII. Ya hada da proconvertin, daga abin da hallara kafa nama prothrombinase (rukunin farko).

Factor Sabunta - mai gina jiki da aka bayyana a cikin wannan sarkar. Da aka sani da anti-hemophilic globulin A. Shi ne, saboda da rashin tasowa a rare, sun gaji cuta, kamar hemophilia. Factor IX ne "alaka" a baya aka ambata. Tun da yake wannan antihemophilic globulin B. Factor X - kai tsaye globulin, hada a cikin hanta.

Kuma a karshe, na karshe da maki uku. Wannan factor Rosenthal, Hageman da fibrin karfafawa. Su ne, a cikin tara, shafi samuwar intermolecular shaidu da al'ada aiki na wani tsari kamar jini clotting.

Schmidt kewaye hada da duk wadannan abubuwan. Kuma quite sarai karanta su a gane yadda aka bayyana tsari ne hadaddun, kuma yana da yawa ma'ana.

anticoagulative tsarin

Wannan ra'ayi kamata kuma a lura da hankali. The sama yadda aka bayyana tsarin clotting - makirci kuma misalta da ya kwarara daga cikin tsari. Amma abin da ake kira "protivosvortyvanie" kuma daukan wuri.

Don fara, ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta, masana kimiyya sun warware biyu gaba daya m matsala. Suna ƙoƙarin gane - yadda jiki kulawa don hana outflow na jini daga lalace jini, kuma ta haka ne don ci gaba da shi a cikin wani ruwa jihar a cikin dukan? To, da shawarar da na biyu matsalar da aka gano anticoagulation tsarin.

Yana da wani takamaiman sa na jini da sunadarai wanda suke iya rage kudi na sinadaran halayen. Wannan shi ne hana.

Kuma a cikin wannan tsari hannu antithrombin III. Its main aiki ne don sarrafa aiki na wasu dalilai da cewa sun hada da wani zane na jini coagulation. Yana da muhimmanci a bayyana: ba tsara da samuwar wani jini gudan jini, da kuma gusar da ba dole ba enzymes, makale a cikin jini daga wurin da ya kafa. Me ya sa yake dole? Don hana yaduwar jini clotting a cikin jini yankunan da aka lalace.

hana kashi

Bayyana cewa wakiltar wani tsarin na jini coagulation (kewaye da aka nuna a sama), kula kamata a lura da cewa abu kamar heparin. Yana da wani sulfur-dauke acidic glycosaminoglycan (a irin polysaccharide).

Wannan - da kai tsaye anticoagulant. Abu inganta coagulation aiki hanawa tsarin. Yana impedes aiwatar da heparin jini clots. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Heparin kawai rage aiki na thrombin a jini. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne - da wata halitta abu. Kuma shi ya kawo amfani. Idan muka gabatar da anticoagulant ga jiki, shi zai iya taimakawa wajen kunnawa da antithrombin III da lipoprotein lipase (enzymes cewa manne triglycerides - babban makamashi Madogararsa ga Kwayoyin).

Yanzu, heparin ne sau da yawa amfani da A lura da thrombotic yanayi. Daya kawai ta kwayoyin iya kunna babban adadin antithrombin III. Haka kuma, heparin za a iya daukarsa a matsayin mai kara kuzari - kamar yadda a cikin wannan hali da mataki a zahiri shi ne kama da sakamako sa da su.

Akwai sauran abubuwa da wannan mataki, dauke a cikin jini jini. Dauki, misali, α2- macroglobulin. Ya inganta cikin rashin lafiya na wani jini gudan jini, rinjayar da aiwatar da fibrinolysis, da hidima a matsayin kai ga 2-valent ions, da kuma wasu sunadarai. Kuma har yanzu damuarn abubuwa da hannu a clotting.

ya lura da canje-canje

Akwai wani nuance cewa ba ya nuna gargajiya makirci na jini coagulation. A Physiology na jiki shi ne irin abin da da yawa daga cikin matakai unsa ba kawai sunadarai canje-canje. Amma kuma jiki. Idan muka iya tsayar da clotting ga tsirara ido, za ka ga cewa siffar platelets a kan aiwatar da canza ta. Sun zama taso Kwayoyin tare da hankula spinous matakai da ake bukata, don aiwatar da m tari - hada da abubuwa a cikin guda naúrar.

Amma dai ba duka. Saboda platelets a lokacin clotting kasaftawa daban-daban abubuwa - catecholamines, serotonin, da dai sauransu By dalilin da lumen na jini, wanda aka lalace, quntata. Saboda abin da akwai aikin ischemia. Jinin samar da lalace tabo an rage. Kuma, daidai da, wannan outpouring hankali rage zuwa m. Wannan ya ba da yiwuwar don toshe platelets lalace wuraren. Su ne, a kudi na su spinous matakai, kamar yadda idan "a haɗe" ga gefuna da collagen zaruruwa, wanda aka located a gefuna da rauni. Wannan ƙare na farko, mafi tsawo kunnawa lokaci. Ta kammala samuwar thrombin. Biye da 'yan seconds lokaci na coagulation da kuma karyata. Kuma na karshe mataki - na maido da al'ada jini wurare dabam dabam. Kuma shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci. Tun da cikakken warkar da ciwo ba zai yiwu ba tare da mai kyau jini wadata.

amfani sani

To, wani abu kamar wannan a kalmomi kuma kama wani Saukake zane na jini coagulation. Duk da haka, akwai 'yan nuances, cewa ina son a lura da hankali.

Hemophilia. A da shi da aka ambata a sama. Wannan ne mai matukar hatsari cutar. Kowane mutum na jini, sun sha wahala, dandana m. Hereditary cutar tasowa saboda matsalar a cikin sunadaran da hannu a cikin clotting tsari. Gane shi iya zama quite sauki - a wata 'yar alamar cuts mutane rasa mai yawa jini. Kuma ku ciyar da yawa lokaci zuwa dakatar da shi. Kuma tare da mafi tsanani siffofin zub da jini za su iya fara ba dalili. Mutane fama da hemophilia, yana iya zama batun farkon tawaya. Tun da m zub da jini a cikin tsoka nama (na al'ada hematoma) a cikin gidajen abinci - shi ne ba nadiri. ko shi da aka bi? Tare da wasu wahala. A mutum ya kamata a zahiri yi wa jikinka kamar yadda wani m jirgin ruwa, da kuma ko da yaushe yi hankali. Idan jini ya auku - wani gaggawa bukatar gabatar da sabo jini bayarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi wani factor XVIII.

Yawancin lokaci da cutar rinjayar maza. Kuma mata aiki a matsayin yan dako na hemophilia gene. Abin sha'awa, Birtaniya Koroleva Viktoriya ne irin wannan. Daya daga 'ya'yanta, ta daukar kwayar cutar cututtuka. Amma ga sauran biyu ne ba a sani ba. Tun hemophilia, ta hanyar, ana kiransa da sarauta cuta.

Amma akwai m lokuta. Wannan yana nufin ya karu jini clotting. Idan da shi ya auku, mutumin da kuma bukatar ya zama akalla m. Karuwan clotting nuna wani babban hadarin da intravascular clots. Wannan sanƙarar da dukan kayayyakinsa. Sau da yawa da sakamako iya zama thrombosis, tare da kumburi jijiya katangu. Amma wannan aibi da aka bi da sauki. Sau da yawa, ta hanyar, shi ne sayi.

Yana da ban mamaki yadda da yawa da ke faruwa a jikin mutum, a lokacin da na farko yanke kansa wani takarda. Yana iya zama na dogon lokaci don magana game da fasali na jini, clotting da matakai da bi shi. Amma mafi ban sha'awa bayanai, kazalika a fili yana nuna ta makircinsu bayar a sama. Tare da sauran, idan so, za a iya isa ga daidaiku.