Jigo kalma kungiyoyin: misalai

Mene ne a naúrar na Rasha harshen? Hakika, da kalmar. Tare da taimakonsa da muka sadarwa, peredaom juna tunani da kuma juyayinsu. A labarin da hulda da Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi cewa ba da damar zuwa rarraba da richness na Rasha harshen, lambobi a cikin su da wallafe-wallafen kamus fiye da 150,000 sunaye, fi'ilai kuma manufofi.

kalmar ma'anar

Rasha harshen karatu ba mataki, ba da ãyõyinMu, kuma kalmomi cewa an kira su. Bã su da biyu ma'ana:

• Nau'in (alhakin daukawa ƙarshen kalma).
• Lexical (alhakin shi akai).

Don gane da abin da yake Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi, mayar da hankali a kan batu na biyu. Lexical ma'anar - da abun ciki, ko tarihi gyarawa a zukatan mutane da hulda tsakanin harsashi da kuma kara sabon abu a zahiri sanya daga nahawu dokoki. Man shi ne iya tunani a sharuddan, wato, daga cikin m abubuwa, da su lexical ma'anar kalmar raba daya ra'ayin daga wani.

Abun da kuma sauti da aka ba nasaba a yanayi. The rare ware ne onomatopoeic kalmomi kuma interjections, m, a wani harshe. Alal misali, da sauti na halitta: oink-oink, ha ha, drip-drip.

Generic da kuma takamaiman Concepts

Lokacin da wani mutum ya ce da kalmar "jam'iyyar" ne kawai, wata ƙungiya - wani yanki na furniture ga wurin zama na dalibai a lokacin aji. Babu daya ne da ya saba cin abinci tebur ko saboda maganar hada da wani yawan rarrabe siffofin - wani irin hakan. Amma lokacin da malamin bayar da dalibi ya zauna a tebur, da ainihin ma'anar bayyana a cikin jawabin. Kafin wani almajiri ne a kankare abu na wani launi, size, siffar. Wannan ya nuna cewa ma'anar kowace kalma tana da denotation (hakan) da kuma Mataimakin (concretization).

Sunaye iya rarrabe tsakanin more jimlace ra'ayi (Generic) da kuma wani takamaiman (jinsin). An misali za a iya gani a cikin hoto a sama. Thematic kungiyar na kalmomi - wani sa na musamman Concepts, wanda ake hada cikin mafi janar - Generic. Domin fahimtar la'akari da makirci (nuna a kasa), inda dauke a matsayin kafa lexical ma'anar jinsunan ra'ayi. An bayyana ta Generic lokaci da Bugu da kari jinsunan bambance-bambance. Mene ne Gudun takalma? Wannan takalma (Generic lokaci), tsara don wasanni. Me kuma za a iya dangana ga takalma? Takalma, takalma, shale, sneakers, clogs, sandals, takalma. Duk wadannan kalmomi ne garwaya a cikin guda thematic kungiyar - "takalma."

thematic hada

Wanne ra'ayi sun hada da kalmomi: kama kifi sanda, net, kadi, koto, bloodworm, jig, kama kifi, hooking, cizon? Fishing. A bisa misali - misali ne na thematic inclusions. A game "Nemo karin kalmar" mafi kyau taimaka wajen gane abin da yake Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi. Misalan wasanni miƙa a cikin wadannan tebur:

A kowane shafi, kana bukatar ka sami wani karin magana, wanda ba a hada a cikin thematic kungiyar. Amsa: zomo, tsutsa ne, dila.

Kamancin

A daya thematic kungiyar a matsayin inclusions iya hada sassa daban-daban na magana. Misali da "Fishing" ya hada da sunaye da fi'ilai. Kamancin daban-daban shi ne cewa su ne wani ɓangare daga magana: film, motsi hoto fina-finai, da cinema. gudu, kara, kara, skedaddle. funny, m, mai ban dariya, sanyi. Shin, ba su dokoki ne a Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi? A misalai nuna cewa ma'ana daidaita a su lexical ma'anar da ake amfani ne kawai ga marubucin da wani rubutu ko bayani goya takamaiman magana. Mai masana ilimin harsuna sun hada da ma'ana ga thematic kungiyoyin. A kan talakawan, suna hada da dama kalmomi, amma akwai ban. Saboda haka, kalmar "sosai" ne 26 ma'ana.

Association auku a kan tushen da wani sifofinsu. Kamar yadda wani misali ba za mu iya dauka da siffa "ja". The kungiyar za ta kunshi ma'ana, kamar: yaƙutu, murjani, ja, kumachovy.

Ƙirƙiri Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi?

Don yin wannan, kana bukatar ka sani:

• A lexical ma'anar kalmar.
• Da wasu kalmomi.
• Da m Outlook.

Abin da zai iya taimaka dalibi? Collegiate Dictionary, wanda aka bai da wani bayani na kowace kalma a yi amfani da Rasha harshe. A mafi yawan sanannun mawallafa, da tattara dukan dukiyar Rasha harshen, suna SI Ozhegov da DN Ushakov, ko da yake akwai karin kwanan nan bugu, Incorporated da canje-canje hade da yin amfani da harshen Turanci maganganu. Alal misali, T. F. Efremova tattara 160 dubu articles.

Thematic kungiyar na kalmomi ne sauki isa ga waɗanda suka karanta mai yawa almarar, rayayye yana amfani da ma'ana da kuma iya duƙufa kama a ma'anar kalmar a cikin rubutu. Za ka iya yi a matsayin misali da wani sharhin, an ɗauko daga art sami ma'ana. Taimaka da kuma irin wannan aiki:

Wajibi ne a gano kowa (Generic) Concepts ga wadannan kalmomi: uwa, wata sãniya, mai mulki, da kalkuleta, yana da 'yar'uwa, a doki, wani magogi, da fensir hali, alade, da wani ɗan'uwa, mai alkalami, kakan, goat, kaka, uba, mawashin, a tumaki kare.

Akwai da wadannan Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi: "Yan'uwa", "Animals", "School Hardware".

Misalai a kan jigo "Seasons"

Tare da abin da kalmomi iya bayyana irin mamaki a matsayin yanayi? Don taimaka jimre da aiki, haskaka da subgroup, misali: weather, yanayi, sana'a, tufafi. Su za a iya fadada. A qa'ida ta rabuwa - da zabi na Generic Concepts cewa underlie da bambance-bambance tsakanin hunturu, kaka, lokacin rani da kuma bazara. Ƙirƙiri Topical kungiyoyin na kalmomi? Sunayen da yanayi ba, a tebur, gwada subgroups.

A misali bayyana kawai abubuwa da kuma mamaki, amma misalin mai sauki ne don ƙara ayyuka da halayen abubuwa.