Jefferson Davis: bayyane, hotuna da abubuwan mai ban sha'awa

Domin shekarun tarihinsa, Amurka ta tafi daga mulkin mallaka zuwa Birtaniya zuwa wata kasa mai mulki, tana da'awar shugabancin duniya. Ya kasance wani abu mai ban mamaki a tarihi, a wasu matakai wanda wasu 'yan siyasar da suka bar wata sanarwa a cikin jihar, sun fito fili. Daya daga cikin su shine Jefferson Davis, wanda aka ba da labarinsa a cikin wannan labarin.

Yarinya matasa daga cikin iyalin bawa

Jefferson Finis Davis da aka haife a kan Yuni 3, 1808 a Kentucky. Shi ne na biyar a cikin iyalin mai aikin gona, kuma ya karbi sunansa don girmama mai halitta na Sanarwa na Independence - Thomas Jefferson, wanda mai sha'awar sha'awar mahaifinsa ne. Yarinya na shugaban gaba na Jamhuriyar Tarayya na Amurka ya ratsa cikin gine-ginen auduga inda daruruwan bayi na mahaifinsa ke aiki, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa ruhun bawa ya zama wani ɓangare na yanayinsa.

A matsayinsa na dangi mai arziki, Jefferson Davis ya ilmantar da Jami'ar Transylvania mai girma, sa'an nan kuma, a kan buƙatar daya daga cikin 'yan majalisa daga jiharsa, ya shiga makarantar soja ta West Point, wanda ya yi karatun digiri a 1828, saboda shi mai zane ne na horo Kuma rashin lalata.

Jin ɗan lokaci mai farin ciki

Shekaru bakwai masu zuwa, aikinsa na aiki, koda yake da wahala, amma yana tafiya sama, ba zato ba tsammani ga kowa da kowa, Jefferson ya yi murabus. Dalilin ya zama abin farin ciki - sabis na hana shi yin auren 'yar mai mulkin Sarauniya Sarah Taylor, wanda ya ƙaunaci ba tare da tunawa ba - marigayin da ke nan gaba ba ya son dansa ya fuskanci rashin fahimtar rayuwar soja.

Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya sami abin da yake so, amma burin zai so ya ba matasa damar yin farin ciki ne kawai a watanni uku, bayan da Saratu ta rasu, ba da daɗewa ba, yana fama da cutar malaria. Heartbroken, Jefferson Davis ya shafe shekaru da yawa a cikakkiyar ɓoye, ba tare da son ganin ko mafi kusa ba. Amma lokaci ya dauki nauyin, kuma kadan ya rabu da shi, ba da daɗewa ba ga dukan masu shiga cikin siyasa.

Harshen hanyar siyasa da sabon iyali

A cikin wannan filin, ya nuna kyama sosai fiye da ganuwar makarantar soja, kuma nan da nan ya zama babban shahararren magoya bayan jam'iyyar Democratic Party of Mississippi. Ayyukansa sun samu ci gaba sosai a zaben shugaban kasa na gaba a 1844, Davis ya rigaya ya zama memba na kwalejin za ~ en.

Daga nan sai ya sadu da matarsa Varina Howell, wanda ya zo daga dangi mai daraja da daraja. Duk da bambancin shekaru - amarya tana da shekaru goma sha takwas da ya fi shi girma, aurensu ya dade da farin ciki. Ma'aurata suna da 'ya'ya shida, amma uku daga cikinsu ba a ƙaddara su zauna ba sai sun kai girma.

Yaƙin Mexican da ci gaba da aiki

A 1846, rikici tsakanin Mexico da Amurka ya karu cikin yakin, kuma Davis ya ɗauki matsayinsa don shiga tsarin mulkin Mississippi. A can ne ya yi aiki a karkashin umarnin tsohon tsohonsa, Janar Taylor, uban mahaifinsa na farko. Kasancewa ta dabi'a mutum ne da jaruntaka, Jefferson sau da yawa ya bambanta kansa a cikin ayyukan yaki, ya rufe kansa da daukaka na musamman a cikin yakin Buen Vist da kuma kewaye da Monterrey.

A lokacin da a 1847 ya rasu daya daga cikin majalisarsu daga Mississippi, Gwamna, ba da babban taimako Davis, gayyace shi zuwa sama da ya maye gurbin wurin zama. Da yake yarda da wannan tsari kuma ya zama Sanata, Jefferson ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mai mahimmanci siyasa. Ya shafe shekaru hudu a matsayin memba na majalisa, bayan haka ya yi murabus don gudana ga gwamnan Jihar Mississippi, amma ya gaza kuma ya bar kasuwanci.

A kan mulkin da ba'a san shi ba

Da siyasa aiki ci gaba bayan gaba da shugaban kasar Amurka Franklin Pierce nada shi ministan yaki. A cikin wannan sabon nau'in, Jefferson Davis ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar layin hanyar jirgin kasa na transcontinental, wanda ya dauka mai matukar muhimmanci domin ci gaba da kariya ta kasar. Har ila yau, ya bayar da gudummawa wajen inganta yawan kayan aikin soja.

A shekara ta 1861, dangantakar dake tsakanin Kudu da arewacin Amurka ta zama mummunar damuwa saboda matsalolin da suka danganci bautar. A sakamakon haka, asashe goma sha uku sun janye daga Amurka. Ƙungiyar da aka kafa sune ake kira Ƙasar Amurka, wanda tsohon shugabansa Jefferson Davis ya zaba. Ya kamata a lura cewa jihar da aka kirkiro ba ta yarda da wani daga cikin ƙasashe ba.

Harkokin kwanciya

Bayan fashewar rikice-rikicen da ya dauki nauyin yakin basasa, Jefferson Davis, wanda aka gabatar da hotunansa a cikin wannan abu, ya karbi dukkanin iko, da farar hula da sojoji, a hannunsa, yana dogara ga sassan jihar kawai ga abokansa.

Wannan ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin Confederation, musamman ma ya kara tsanantawa bayan bayanan da yayi da shi da ministoci na ministoci. Bugu da} ari, tare da kowace rana, rundunar soja ta Arewa ta fara fahimta, tun da yake yawancin mutane da masana'antu sun kasance da hankali a can. Yanayin ya zama mahimmanci.

Kurkuku na Fort Monroe

Musamman m abubuwan da suka faru bayan a wani harin kasanta da Afrilu 14, 1865, aka kashe shugaban kasar Amurka Abraham Lincoln. Zai gaje Endryu Dzhonson daga farko kwanaki bayyane zargi ga laifi na Jefferson Davis, da kuma nada ta kai lada.

Yaƙin ya ƙare a nasarar 'yan Arewa, kuma a ranar 10 ga Mayu na shekarar da aka kama Jefferson Davis. Jiyar jiya ta gungun jama'a da kuma shugaban siyasa mai nasara ya sanya shi a cikin masifar da aka yi a garin Fort Monroe, inda aka ajiye shi har tsawon lokacin da yake tafiya a kan bango. A nan ne ya yi shekaru fiye da biyu yana sauraron gwaji, wanda bai faru ba. A 1867, an saki fursunoni a kan belin, sannan shugaban Amurka mai zuwa, Andrew Johnson, ya ambata shi.

Shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwa

Jefferson Davis, wanda tarihinsa ya zama misalin irin wannan matsala da ya faru, bayan da aka saki shi daga kurkuku, ba zai sake komawa siyasa ba. Da zarar ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake zabar kansa don zaben majalisar dattijai, amma an ƙi shi ne bisa ga Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, mutumin da ya riga ya karya rantsuwar - kuma hakan ne yadda ya shiga yakin da ke arewacin Arewa - ba shi da ikon ya mallaki ofishin gwamnati.

Amfani da nasarorin da suka gabata kuma ya samu kwarewa a yayin da yake aiki a ofishin, Davis ya shafe shekaru masu yawa a ayyukan kudi, kasancewar shugaban babban kamfanin inshora a Memphis. A lokacinsa ya rubuta wasiƙa. A lokacin yakin basasa, wanda ya sauko cikin tarihi a matsayin "sake sake gina Kudu," wani jerin maganganu ne da Jefferson Davis yayi magana game da shi. Game da bautar, an kawar da shi sakamakon nasarar da suka yi a Arewa, ya yi magana ne a matsayin kawai hanyar zama na marasa fata a Amurka. Ya yi watsi da yiwuwar samar da hakkoki daidai da mutanen farin ƙasar.

Ya rasu ranar 6 ga watan Disambar 1889, daga ciwon huhu, wanda aka samu a lokacin ziyararsa a gonarsa a New Orleans, kuma an binne shi a kabarin da ke arewa maso yammacin Virginia.