"Island Matattu" - hoto Arnolda Boklina. Description da kuma hoto

A 1827 a cikin Swiss birnin Basel haife fenta wanda aikin ya mai girma tasiri a kan ci gaban fasaha da al'adu a general. Sunan Arnolda Beklina ya mutãnen wani gida, suna a cikin da'ira na Symbolist painters kuma sanannen zanen Böcklin "The Island Matattu" ya wahayi ga dama tasiri Figures na al'adu na duniya.

Arnold Böcklin

Future kafa surrealism aka haife ɗan wani m siliki m Kristjan Fridriha Beklina. Arnold Böcklin samu m horo a Frankfurt da kuma, duk da ta musamman style kuma da dama dabaru, shi ake cewa da Frankfurt makaranta na zanen.

Malamai yaba Böcklin matsayin sosai alamar rahama dalibi da haka, yayin da har yanzu dalibi, Arnold sau da yawa tafiya kasashen waje, wato a Brussels, kuma Antwerp, inda matasa artist kofe manyan ayyukan da Dutch da Flemish Masters. Wani kwararren tafiya kamar yadda wani dalibi ya jagoranci Beklin a Paris, inda artist ya ciyar a shekara a LOUVRE.

A 1850 da artist tafi zuwa Roma, inda gargajiya gine-gine, m sauyin yanayi da arzikin al'adu kai shi zauna har shekara bakwai. A Italiya Böcklin aure a gida yarinya. Suna da wani babban iyali - 14 yara, na abin da kawai shida kai ƙarfinsa. Domin daban-daban dalilai, da artist da iyalinsa koma akai-akai, don wani lokaci sai ya ciyar a Weimar, inda ya sanar da zanen a makarantar kimiyya. A Basel, Böcklin karatu monumental zanen yi oda, da ta ƙarshe 'yan shekaru da artist ciyar a Italiya, a cikin villa kusa Florence.

A symbolism da "tsibiri na Matattu"

A farkon sosai daga cikin aiki Bocklin fentin shimfidar da kuma birane gine. A tsawon lokaci, aikinsa ya samu mythological fuskantarwa, amma mafi shahara ayyukan Swiss fenta ƙidaya daga cikin Genre na symbolism. Duk da haka, shi ne kuma sha'awar a kan shimfidar da motifs na gargajiya mythology. Alal misali, cikin shahararrun aikin Arnolda Beklina "The Island Matattu" - hoton ne duka wuri mai faɗi da kuma mythological batutuwa, da kuma hadadden aikin da hadaddun, nauyi symbolism da kuma babba yawan asĩri.

A cikin hoto a kan bango na m sama nuna wani karamin tsibirin, lapped da fuskance ruwa surface. A tsibirin girma da tsayi duhu cypress itatuwa, da kuma kankara ne bayyane rectangular ramukan, kama kaburbura. A kan ruwa surface zuwa tsibirin aiko m jirgin ruwan, a cikin abin da akwai guda biyu. Daya daga cikin Figures a nannade cikin farin zane, kamar yadda idan a wani shroud, kuma tsaye a gaban wani farin rectangular akwatin, kamar akwatin gawa.

Daga cikin da yawa fassarori daga cikin rare version ne wani nau'i ne na wasa a Girkanci mythology. A cewar ta, da rãyuka da tashi heroes, zaba daga cikin allolin da kuma shahararren mutane samun wani wuri a kan wani secluded tsibirin a tsakiyar kogi Styx. A adadi a fari ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai ka isar da wani duniya Charon.

Taken mutuwa yana daya daga cikin mafi m, a cikin ayyukansu na Böcklin. Abin lura shi ne cewa kafin "tsibiri na Matattu" Arnold Beklin taba ba da sunayen da zane-zane, amma a rubutu tare da abokin ciniki, da farko versions na zanen shi da kansa ya kira aikin Mutu Toteninsel. A kawai 'yan shekaru, da artist fentin shida versions na zanen, wanda biyar da aka rubuta Beklin nasu, kuma ta shida da ya rubuta tare da dansa Carlo a bara na rayuwarsa.

Na farko zaži

Order a kan "Island Matattu" Böcklin samu daga majiɓinci, shuni Aleksa Gyuntera. A farko version daga cikin fim da aka rubuta a cikin Florentine artist ta studio. Böcklin zanen gama a 1880, amma, kamar yadda tare da Leonardo "Dzhokkondoy" ba ya so ya raba da shi. A farko "Matattu Island" zauna a cikin mallaki ta kafa har mutuwarsa.

Dalilin wannan makala ga hoto, da yawa sukar kira mutuwa Beklin yar. The baby ya mutu a 1877, aka binne shi a cikin Turanci hurumi a cikin Italiyanci birnin Florence. Wannan hurumi aka dasa tare da tsayi cypress itatuwa, a cikin abin da malamai na Swiss symbolist kama kamance tare da zanen.

"A hoto na mafarki"

Duk da yake aiki a kan ta farko version na zanen Florentine studio Beklin ziyarci Maria Bern, m matar da kudaden George von Bern. Kila wahayi zuwa da ba a kare ba zane, mace da umarnin ga artist, "zanen to mafarki." Domin ta Bocklin rubuta na biyu version na "Tsibirin", wanda ya kasance karami a size, rubuta a kan wani katako, panel da aka sanya a cikin wani daban-daban, mafi Tsayayyar launuka.

Abin lura shi ne cewa mafi m kashi na zanen "The tsibiri na Matattu", wato jirgin ruwan da adadi na Charon, ya kara da cewa to abun da ke ciki a request daga Marii Berna, makoki mijinta. Daga baya Böcklin dorisoval jirgin ruwan ba kawai a kan na biyu version na hoto, amma kuma a kan ƙasa.

Bayan mutuwar farka na biyu version na "Island Matattu" zanen da aka bai wa gallery a birnin Lucerne, inda shi sayi Gotfrida Kellera Foundation. Yau, wannan sanannen zanen nuna a New York Museum "Metropolitan".

Mural Fritz Gurlita

Na uku, mafi mashahuri version na zanen da aka samu izini da wani haraji Fritz Gurlitom. Ya dai kawai kamar na farko guda biyu, da aka fentin a Florence kuma ƙare a 1883. Shi ne hasken data kasance version na hoto. Bayan wani m sikelin, da uku version of "Islands" ne halin da aiwatar - da na fi siririn cypress itatuwa lanƙwasa a cikin iska, da kuma ruwa surface ne ba kamar yadda madubi.

Wannan version ne mafi mashahuri saboda da cewa shi ne tare da ita aka yi Maksom Klingerom ingancin etching, da wanda Frits Gurlit buga reproductions. A karshen XIX - farkon XX ƙarni, wadannan reproductions sun Popular a Jamus, inda fashion for su zo a cikin wasu kasashe. Yau Old National Gallery a Berlin farfado asali zane-zane a cikin m tarin.

Financial matsaloli, da kuma na hudu version na hoto

A shekara bayan kammala na uku embodiment na "Island Matattu" Beklin yawa iyali gudu a cikin kudi matsaloli, lamarin da ya artist rubuta wani version of ta rare zane-zane, wanda ya sayar da sanannen tara Baron Hans Thyssen-Bornemisza de Cason.

Kamar yadda kayan a karo na hudu version Bocklin amfani da tagulla da kuma fenti. Yi hakuri, wannan hoton ba zai iya tsira yakin duniya na biyu da kuma aka hallaka, mai yiwuwa a Berlin ko Rotterdam. Shi ne kawai baki da fari daukar hoto.

Canvas ga Fine Arts Museum a Leipzig

Bayan shekaru biyu, Böcklin koma zuwa ga "Island na da matattu." A zanen da aka samu izini da Museum of Fine Arts, da Jamusanci birnin Leipzig. Abin lura shi ne cewa wannan lokaci da artist zaba tempera fenti.

A karo na biyar hoto ne a fili a bayyane rower, Ya shiryar da jirgin ruwan zuwa tsibirin, kuma jirgin ruwan da kanta ne sosai kusa da manufa, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da sauran hudu zaɓuɓɓuka. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa yayin da asali abun da ke ciki na "Island Matattu" da ya rage guda a kowane version yana da wani daban-daban kananan sassa. A launi makirci na shida zane-zane, kuma, shi ne daban-daban.

Zanen "tsibiri na Matattu" a hermitage

The shida version na zanen Arnolda Beklina, wanda yake a cikin mai zaman kansa tarin, amma nuna a St. Petersburg hermitage, shi ne mafi m. Kila saboda rubutu tsakanin biyar da kuma shida embodiments na "Island Matattu" ya kasance kusan shekaru biyar. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan version Bocklin rubuta ha] in gwiwar tare da dansa Carlo a bara na rayuwarsa.

Al'adu sabon abu na zamaninsa

By wani bakon daidaituwa, wannan shi ne hoto na Böcklin zama mai sadaukarwa film na zamaninsa. Shi ne "Island Matattu" - zanen, wanda ya kawo marubucin a rayuwa na daraja. A wasu al'adu da'irori Beklin kusan suak kangare ta kira "sabon zamanin Michelangelo."

A cewar Sahaban, "tsibiri na Matattu" - wani hoto, da wani ɓangare daga ciki a matsayin ci-gaba da matasa da kuma al'adu kawo dukkan, da kuma lardin hinterland farkon XX karni.

Reproductions na uku embodiment na zane-zane a warwatse ko'ina Turai. Admirer Bocklin, wato, "Island Matattu" shi ne mafi girma da al'adu da tarihi da Figures. Apollinaire, Clemenceau, Freud, Dali, Kandinsky da Rachmaninoff da aka buga da sihiri yanayi na hoto, kuma da tasiri a kan masu sauraro. The uku wani zaɓi da aka samu ta hanyar Adolf Hitler kuma sun rataye a cikin Reich Chancellery.

"Island Matattu" - hoto cewa ya zama tushen wahayi zuwa ga wasu ayyukan art a zanen, kuma a music, film, shayari da sassaka.