Innabi phylloxera: haddasawa da kuma lura da matakan

Kowane lambu ko mai na kewayen birni yankin mu son girma m, m inabi, wanda zai iya gadara zuwa gogaggen Agronomists. Amma a gaskiya, wannan tsari ne sosai troublesome, domin wannan kakar sau da yawa dole ka fuskanci kalubale da dama, ciki har da kwari. Kuma daya daga cikin na kowa cututtuka ne aphids. Samun wadannan kwari a cikin bushes, ba su tsoro, saboda innabi phylloxera sauƙi nasara idan ya gane abokan gaba da kuma fara dama a kan lokaci don yin aiki.

Ta yaya takardar nau'i na cutar

Gane aphids kawai idan ya nuna kula da kuma dubi da shuke-shuke. Specific galls a kan ganye, warty-kamar samuwar siffar zobe siffar, ya nuna cewa innabi leaf phylloxera. Idan blisters ne bayyane ne kawai a kan ƙananan gefe na kore taro, shi ne na farko kamuwa da cuta daga cikin daji, da kuma idan a kan saman, da larvae zaunar sake.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da tsanani da phylloxera a kan tsire-tsire na iya zama daban-daban da kuma dogara a kan rigakafi da bushes da su shekaru.

Saboda haka, idan ido tsirara a fili a bayyane phylloxera (growths a kan innabi ganye), da yaki da shi dole ne a fara nan da nan. Duk da haka, masana ma rarrabe tsakanin tushen da kuma nau'i na cutar, saboda wanda jinkirin saukar da bushes da girma, da takardar zama kananan, kuma fruiting - da zaran. Gani, da shuka kawai raunanar, kuma su tsai da ainihin dalilin rashin lafiya, da fiye da sau daya dauki samfurori da cikakken binciken.

Yadda za a gane tushen nau'i na cutar

Domin gane gaban aphids kõ wata alãma daga ta lokaci a kan tushen tsarin, kana bukatar ka tono fitar da dama m inabi, ko surface asalinsu. Masana sun bayar da shawarar prodelyvat hanya a cikin biyu da rabi na bazara, saboda a wannan lokaci da kwaro rayayye karbe kuma yana da sauki a gane. A samfurin dauka dole ne ya kasance ba da ƙasa. M rarrabe bakin ciki tare da kaifi wuka ko wani wukar yin aikin tiyata duniya lumps da kuma bincika abinda ke ciki na fasa a cikin bawo. Idan innabi phylloxera a kan su ne ba, tsirarwa lura da wani kananan kumbura a kan kananan tushen, da kuma m - gungu na aphid-kamar rawaya aibobi. Su roundish, babu fiye da 1 santimita a diamita. Abin lura shi ne cewa ya shafa tushen tips dauki wani waɗansu gwalmõmin ko clavate tare da yellowish-fari nodules cewa yana yiwuwa duhu, karya up, sa'an nan gaba daya zama kusan indistinguishable. Haushi da kama wani soso, marmashe, da kuma tushen dubi ƙeƙasassu.

A farkon sosai da cutar phylloxera a kan inabi ne kusan ganuwa, kuma yana yiwuwa a gano kawai shekara ta biyar, sai da tsari iko vykopok sun prodelyvat shekara. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kwari sau da yawa rayuwa a yankunan da ke da iyaka da cike da ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta, kamar yadda ko da yaushe bar sosai da lafiya shuke-shuke da asali a kan m. Kwaro m populated a farfajiya na tushen, da kuma wani sashi ayi a zurfin dan kadan fiye da daya mita. Domin dubawa ya kamata a zabi samfurori da live shrubs.

Gida phylloxera, a lõkacin da kuma inda aka samu

Home ga mafi hatsari rigakafi kwaro ne kudu-gabashin Amurka. Mafi sau da yawa ya hadu a kan daji shrubs girma a Kogin Mississippi tasa. A farko shan kashi na gonakin inabi gudanar da gyara a cikin 1868, da shekara a Turai. Tarihi ya gaya mana cewa, a cikin karni na 19th, da innabi phylloxera halakar fiye da 6 kadada na plantations, kuma ya bayyana a Rasha a 1880. Great tsirarwa V. E. Tairov lura cewa aphid ne mafi tsanani, kuma m kwaro, domin rayuwa a kan tushen da kuma ganye, lalata daji bãYan wani daji da ko'ina ya kawo kawai devastation da kuma bala'i. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni da kwaro ya bayyana a kudancin Faransa, da kuma tare da m gudun yada zuwa kusan duk Turai yankuna.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura, a cikin wani gajeren lokaci phylloxera halakar a kan 70% daga cikin gonakin inabi, a duniya.

Salon tushen kwari

Innabi aphids da wani musamman rikitarwa lifecycle, kuma an raba wadannan siffofin:

• karkashin kasa;
• ƙasa.
• samar da links (winged).

Saboda haka, cikakken duk da mutum aphid cewa kai hari tushen tsarin, musamman mace. Kwari halin da rashin fuka-fuki, a rawaya-koren launi da kananan ɗigon duhu a baya. Tsotsa proboscis na motsi daga shugaban da ciki sashi na jiki da kuma shi ne iya soki da tushen daga cikin daji domin ci abinci. Cikin 4 - 6 makonni, da mãtan sa daruruwan qwai yellowish, wanda 8-10 kwana da larvae aka haife tare da tsawo sosai proboscis. Wannan nau'i na kwaro fi son su rayu a cikin tsohon shuke-shuke da kuma overwinter su.

Abin lura shi ne cewa ya rayu Spring da larvae ne sosai resistant zuwa sanyi, da kuma yaki da su ba da sauki.

Salon winged siffofin

A lokacin rani marigayi - farkon kaka tsakanin tushen aphid Nymphs za a iya gani - a bakin ciki orange kifi tare da rudiments na fuka-fuki. Suna na rayayye masu tasowa a cikin yanayi na high zafi da kuma wasu yanayin yanayi. Kwari ja jiki fita zuwa surface da kuma bayan 4th moulting gaba daya ya canza kama zuwa wani winged siffar da dogon tentacles da kyau-ɓullo da idanu. Irin wannan kwaro riga iya tashi a takaice nesa kashe a koda innabi underside na takardar da sako-sako da haushi unfertilized qwai. Na more kananan larvae girma namiji samfurori, wanda rayuwa kawai kwanaki 10, domin ba za su iya ci saboda wani rashin proboscis. Duk da haka, bayan wata guda jima'i, da mace kayansa mãsu daya kwan da ya hadu, wanda zai hunturu a fasa da crevices na haihuwa itace.

Salon takardar fom

A cikin bazara na hunturu qwai ƙyanƙyashe cikin wingless mace aphids shirya farko a cikin 1-6 ganye. A hankali ta koma sama ta tsotsa kashe saman kore taro na duk juices. A huda site aka kafa gall kore tare da wata concave siffar, wani lokaci tare da m aibobi. Kawai 'yan makonni innabi phylloxera kayansa mãsu fiye da 1,000 qwai, na wanda 8 kwanaki akwai matasa mutane, Rayuwa a kan m harbe. Kwaro perepolzet hanzari zuwa sama, da kuma lokacin da shuka ne cikakken kamu - koma zuwa wasu bushes. Abin lura shi ne cewa a karkashin sharadi gwargwado a cikin guda kakar iya ci gaba har zuwa 5 ƙarnõni na aphids. By fall na kwaro zama ma fi jikinsa ne mafi tsananin qarfi, kuma proboscis - ƙara. Duk da cewa da takardar fom aka kashe tare da auku ganye, irin phylloxera inabi a kan matakan magance shi daukawa sosai m.

Ta yaya ne phylloxera

Aphids innabi Akidar, leaf kuma a winged siffar iya rayayye matsar da kore harbe, ganye da kuma ƙasa. Wani lokaci mutane suna karkashin kasa zuwa surface, inda agogon motsa ba tare da abinci da kuma sauran a wani kudi na 3 cm da minti. Winged kwari shawo kan mita 100. Har ila yau, innabi phylloxera passively koma a tsawon nisa kõguna na iska, datti ko ruwan sama. Akwai lokuta idan kwaro shawo game da nisan kilomita 30. Yana taimaka wa yaduwar cutar da mutum ya sayayya da kamuwa da alurar riga kafi da kuma dasa kayan, machining lafiya shuke-shuke da datti kida.

Bugu da kari, da kwaro ɗauke da dabbobin daji da tsuntsaye.

A hatsari phylloxera

A kan aiwatar da su rai phylloxera da farko rinjayar da tushen tsarin, don haka daji a kowace shekara na'am da kasa na gina jiki ko gaba daya ceases zuwa sha su. Nodules, nodules kuma nodules gaba daya rufe karkashin kasa sassan shuke-shuke, haddasa su mutu da yunwa. Sun shrubs iya fara bushe up for 3-5 shekaru bayan da shan kashi, kuma mafi manya - yawa daga baya. Harbe raunana inabi ba su da lokacin da za a 'yã'yan, don haka su sau da yawa ba zai iya jure hunturu frosts.

Idan muka yi la'akari da rauni, ba za mu iya ganin cewa shi ya fayyace daban-daban m siffar, saboda kwaro shimfidawa a duk inda daga abu na farko kamuwa da cuta. Fiye da za mu bi da phylloxera inabõbi, kuma hotuna da cikakken bayanin irin kwaro ne sauƙi samu a yawa kafofin, amma shi ne mafi kyau sayan cuta-resistant iri.

Wanne innabi iri-iri ne mafi alhẽri ga shuka a site

Tun lokacin da kwaro ya yi kawaici, yafi a American innabi iri, masana bayar da shawarar zuwa girma Turai shuka iri, dasa su a cikin yashi. Tunanin mutuntaka kuma motsa zuwa sabon hadaddun-resistant iri ko hybrids Kubutar-Villars. Dogara amfani Turai innabi iri da suke resistant zuwa phylloxera a lokacin da alurar riga kafi.

Nagari irin rootstock inabõbi:

• Kober 5BB.
• Riparia x rupestris 101-14.
• Riparia Gloire.

wadannan tsire-tsire ne resistant da tushen Rotting tsari da kuma a lokacin da phylloxera kamuwa da cuta ba su mutu ba.

Traditional hanyoyin magance phylloxera

Bayan da phylloxera inabi da aka gano - yaki da shi dole ne a fara nan da nan. Idan baza na kwaro kananan, yana yiwuwa su gaba daya zasu tafi tare da improvised wajen. Saboda haka, kokarin wanke kashe cutarwa kwari manyan ruwa matsa lamba, bayan da suka zama ganima da tsuntsãye. A hanya ya kamata a yi mahara sau.

Har ila yau, da yawa rika shirya wani iri-iri na mafita:

• Sabulu (100 g kwalta sabulu narkar da a 10 lita na ruwa). Yiwu a Mix da sabulu da kananan adadin wanka foda da abu don wanka, amma shi ne mafi alhẽri a kauce wa ma m kwayoyi, saboda sun jawo hankalin kwari.
• Daga ash (1 kofin to 5 lita na ruwa da kuma infuse 12 hours).
• Citrus kwasfa (0.5 lita reboil particulate abu a 1 lita na ruwa, tace kuma ƙara wani 10 L na ruwa).
• Daga fi solanaceous shuke-shuke (rabin cika 3-lita kwalban finely yankakken ganye da kuma zuba tafasasshen ruwa a kan wuyansa. Infuse wata rana, sa'an nan kuma ƙara 1 tbsp. L. Sabulu kwakwalwan kwamfuta, ko foda).
• Taba (1 kofin daga taba fita a 5 lita na ruwa, infuse kuma magudana).

Bugu da kari, da yawa gogaggen inabi-growers rika kawo plantation m kwari, tsuntsaye, da kuma ƙasar kusa da bushes na m ganye ko furanni.

Sunadarai zuwa magance phylloxera

Hakika, ba duk vacationers yi imani a cikin gargajiya da hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya da aphids, don haka fi son saya shirye-sanya kayan aikin a cikin na musamman Stores. A bu mai kyau zuwa ga gudanar da wani magani na innabi phylloxera kwari wanda kusan wanke tafi da hazo da kuma ne cikakken hadari ga honeybees.

Mafi na kowa kwayoyi da aphids:

• "Fastak" (hada fungicidal da insecticidal sauran nufin).
• "Phosalone" (halaka aphids da kuma kare da shuka na dogon lokaci, ya nuna mai guba aiki ko da a low yanayin zafi).
• "Aktellik" (hana recolonization).
• "Kinmiks" (lalata phylloxera manya da larvae daga dukan nau'i).
• "Konfidor" da "B-58" (kashe kwaro takardar form).

Yana da muhimmanci gaba daya ya halakar da cibiyoyin kamuwa da cuta, yin amfani da wani flammable, maras tabbas carbon disulfide, to shiga warai a cikin ƙasa. Bi da shawarar rigakafi matakan kare sauran shuke-shuke daga aphid shigar azzakari cikin farji.