IMF kwafi. Goals, manufofin da rawar da kungiyar a duniya

IMF (kwafi - The International Asusun bada lamuni) an halitta a shekarar 1944, a wani taro a Bretton Woods a Amurka. Its manufar asali da aka ayyana a matsayin haka: don inganta hadin gwiwa na kasa da kasa a fannin harkokin kudi, cinikayya fadada da girma, da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da kudin, taimako a biya tsakanin Member Amirka da kuma samar da su da kayayyakin aiki, don magance rashin daidaituwa a cikin ma'auni na biya. Duk da haka, a yi, na ayyuka na Asusun an rage wa kudi-grubbing for 'yan tsiraru (na kasashe da kuma na duniyar dake hada hukumomi), wanda, a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyin, controls, da kuma IMF. Shin rance IMF, ko IMF (bidiyon dikodi International Asusun bada lamuni), to States bukatar? Kamar yadda Asusun ta aiki shafi tattalin arzikin duniya?

IMF: bidiyon dikodi Concepts, ayyuka da kuma ayyuka

IMF tsaye ga International Asusun bada lamuni, IMF (deciphering acronyms) a cikin Rasha version ne kamar haka: International Asusun bada lamuni. Wannan Inter-ungiyoyi da nufin inganta hadin gwiwa monetary a kan tushen da shawara na kungiyar da kuma samar da su da rance.

The abu ne ga m wani m Foundation parity rates. Don wannan karshen, Member States sun kafa su da zinariya, da dalar Amurka, bayan amincewarsa ba ka musanya su fiye da goma da cent na Asusun ba tare da yardarka na da ba karkacewa daga wannan ma'auni a cikin aiwatar da mafi ayyukan fiye da kashi daya.

Tarihi da kuma raya Asusun

A shekarar 1944, a Bretton Woods taron a Amurka da wakilan arba'in da huɗu, kasashen sun yanke shawarar kirkiro kowa dalilin tattalin arziki domin kauce wa ragewar darajar kuɗi, da sakamakon wanda a cikin thirties na girma mawuyacin, kazalika don gyaran kudi tsarin tsakanin jihohin bayan da yaki. A shekara, a kan tushen da sakamakon taron IMF da aka kafa.

Tarayyar Soviet kuma dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin taro kuma sanya hannu da dokar da ta kafa kungiyar, amma daga baya ba tabbatar da shi, kuma ba sa hannu a cikin ayyukan. Amma a cikin nineties, bayan da Tarayyar Soviet, Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe - da tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin shiga asusun IMF.

A shekarar 1999, asusun IMF ya hada da 182 ƙasashe.

controls, tsarin da halartar kasashen

A hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman kungiyoyin - IMF - shi ne, a Birnin Washington. A hukumar mulki na kasa da kasa Asusun bada lamuni ne Board of gwamnonin. Yana hada da ainihin gwamnan da m daga kowane memba kasar na cikin asusun.

A Executive Board kunshi 24 gudanarwa, wakiltar wani rukuni na kasashen ko mutum kasashen da suka halarci. A wannan yanayin, da administrative darektan ne ko da yaushe a Turai, da kuma ta farko da mataimakin - American.

A izini babban birnin kasar da aka kafa ta gudummuwa daga Amirka. A halin yanzu, 188 kasashe mambobi ne na IMF. Bisa girman da Ƙa'idodi biya ta kuri'un su, za a rarraba a tsakanin kasashen.

IMF data nuna cewa mafi girma da yawan kuri'u mallakar da Amurka (17.8%), Japan (6.13%), Germany (5.99%), da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa (da 4,95%), Saudi Arabia (3 , 22%), Italy (4.18%) da kuma Rasha (2.74%). Saboda haka, United States kamar yadda ciwon da mafi yawan kuri'u shi ne kawai kasar, wanda yana da wani kujerar naƙi a kan mafi muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi tattauna a IMF. A yawan kasashen Turai (da ba kawai su) wata kuri'a a wannan hanya kamar yadda Amurka.

A Asusun ta rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya

IMF kullum na sa ido kan kudi da kuma monetary manufofin da Member Amirka da kuma jihar na tattalin arzikin duk duniya. Don wannan karshen, a kowace shekara, tare da shawarwari da hukumomin gwamnati game da musayar rates. A daya hannun, Member States dole shawarci tare da Asusun a kan al'amurran da suka shafi macroeconomic.

Kasashen bukatar IMF na samar da rance ga kasashen miƙa da aro kudi, wadda ba za su iya yin amfani da dalilai daban-daban.

A farkon shekaru ashirin da ta zama, da Asusun ba da rance, yafi raya ƙasashe, amma sai, wannan aiki da aka refocused a kan kasashe masu tasowa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kusan lokaci daya farkon su samuwar neo-mulkin mallaka tsarin a duniya.

kasashen da yanayin domin samun rance daga IMF

Wannan States mambobi na kungiyar iya samun rance daga IMF, sũ, mãsu haɗuwa da jerin siyasa da tattalin arziki yanayi.

Wannan Trend fito a cikin eighties na karni na ashirin, da kuma kawai ya ci gaba da yi ɗauri a tare da lokaci.

IMF-Bank na bukatar a gudanar da wani shirin, wanda, a gaskiya, ba don barin kasar daga cikin rikicin, da kuma ga naƙasa daga zuba jari, ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma kawo karshen tabarbarewar zamantakewa halin da ake ciki na 'yan kasa a general.

Abin lura shi ne cewa a shekarar 2007 ya da karfi rikicin na IMF kungiyar. Deciphering tattalin arziki na duniya koma bayan tattalin arziki 2008, bisa ga kudi manazarta, watakila, wata ta sakamako. Babu wanda ya so ya yi da kungiyar rance, da kuma} asashen da samu su a baya nemi gaba da lokaci zuwa sãka bashin.

Amma akwai wani duniya rikicin, duk abin da ya fadi a cikin wuri, har ma fiye. IMF a sakamakon ya karu da albarkatun a sau uku da shafi tattalin arzikin duniya da ya fi.