Technology "sani-Har" (Ba-har) - sifili shũka tsarin. zamani noma

zamani noma fasahar ci gaba a inda da dama, daga cikinsu da irin muhimmancin halarci zuwa hanyoyin karkara. Kayan aikin noma da masana'antun samar da ƙara nagartaccen hardware namo da kuma sinadaran masana'antu haifar dukan sako na taki. Duk da haka, da abun ciki na nagartaccen dabaru da kuma namo gona yau gasa tare da m hanya, simplifying manufar ƙasar amfani. Yana da wani tsarin na sifili nõmansa, da aka sani da A'a-har da fasaha. Dangane da yanayin aiwatar da amfani, yana iya kuma bai ware gargajiya noma. Wannan hanya ya dade da aka sani, kuma ya samo asali a cikin past karni, kuma a yau da sha'awa cikin da ta fito sake for dalilai da dama.

A babba da bambance-bambance tsakanin "Ku sani-Har" fasahar

Gargajiya noma dole shafi yin amfani da machining fasaha. Wannan duka rukuni na wajen da kuma hanyoyin, wanda damar don inganta halaye na ƙasa cover mayalwaci iko da tsarin. Daga qarshe irin wadannan ayyuka haifar da seedbed tare da sako-sako da ƙasa a yi kama samuwar wanda ya dace domin yin amfani da daidaitattun drills. Mafi na kowa gwargwado, irin wannan ne plowing ta hanyar abin da ƙasa kuma samun kawar da weeds.

Bi da bi, Ba-har tsarin gusar da waɗannan ayyukan da kuma, daidai da, duk na korau abubuwan da bi su. A farko machining bukatar mai yawa jiki ƙoƙari, lokaci da kuma kudi da aka kashe a tabbatarwa da kuma aiki na musamman kayan aiki. Ba a ce cewa fasahar da kuma "sani-Har" gaba daya dispenses tare da hardware, amma su aiki ne ba haka ba muhimmanci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, gargajiya namo hanyoyin tsokane yashewa tafiyar matakai. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da, wanda ya haddasa marmarin na da yawa manoma don canzawa zuwa madadin tsarin. Ƙin na yi noma ba ka damar ceton da ƙasa tsarin, ba tare da compromising danshi balance - sa'an nan kawar da hadarin weathering topsoil. Amma akwai wani downside, wanda shi ne gona compaction. Ba tare da namo wannan mamaki suna yiwu a wata halitta iri cewa Adversely ga ci gaban nan gaba amfanin gona.

ƙasa shiri

Preparatory ayyukan domin aiwatar da wannan fasahar da ake gudanar a cikin nau'i na ciyawa. Amma gwamnatin rikon kwarya da kanta ga wannan hanya ya kamata a yi na asali horo sau daya. Gaskiyar cewa ƙasar domin sifili tsarin dole ne hadu wasu bukatun, cikin babban daya kasancewarsa - mai santsi surface. Hakika, a cikin akwati na gona ne mai yiwuwa a yi magana game da wannan zabin, kawai yanaye. A yankin ba shi da wani kaifi canje-canje a tadawa zuwa na musamman rawar soja iya jimre tare da aiki da. Gaskiyar cewa plating tsari ne da za'ayi gaba ɗaya, yayin da kayan aiki ya hada da m tsiri na ƙasar. A sakamakon haka, unevenness a hannu daya da machining kayan aiki na iya karya sigogi ruwa nutsewa, bi da bi, da tsaba suna dasa tare da sabawa daga na kullum.

Wata kila wannan shi ne kadai bangare na aiwatar da sifili tsarin, wanda wajibi ne a yi amfani da na gargajiya cultivators da related kayan aiki. Sake, da wadannan shekaru da fasahar "sani-Har" ba nufa wani ƙarin jeri, amma kawai idan amfanin gona juyawa da aka shirya daidai. A wannan mataki na shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a yi rage gona ayyuka da cewa ba zai yiwu ba a nan gaba. Yawanci, zurfin namo damara da hanyoyin da gabatar da abubuwa da cewa mulkin agronomic Properties na duniya. Bi ta ci gaba to daya daga cikin manyan matakai na fasahar - mulching.

mulching gadaje

Hakika, wannan hanya ba a mataki, kawai mallakar da Hanyar No-har, amma wannan tsarin yana da halaye yi. Bayan girbi, tattaka aka barshi cikin aikin yanki - shi zai yi aiki a matsayin mai ciyawa, taimaka wa riƙe more danshi. Wannan makirci zai taimaka wajen rage kudin da jiki karfi, makãmashi ga kayan aiki a kan aiwatar da aiwatar da iri. Wannan ne, idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada noma, sifili dabara ya shafi mulching tare da bambaro, wanda ba a cire daga filin, amma ya zauna. Duk da haka, ko da a nan akwai daban-daban hanyoyin. Wasu manoma suna shawarar barin shi kai tsaye a m tsari, wanda kubutar da lokaci da kuma, a sake, da kokarin da manomi. An madadin view samar da tsabta bambaro, amma tare da m nika da kwanciya a kan wani tsohon wuri.

A surface shafi da aka kafa abin da na tsare da ƙasa da yashewa na daya, da kuma duka da ruwa da kuma iska. Kullum, da kewayon ayyuka a cikin ciyawa a cikin wannan yanayin ne sosai bambancin. Wannan shafi hana ci gaban da weeds, ba da damar barin danshi da kuma taimaka don kunna gona microflora da ayyukan a matsayin dalilin haifuwa na tati yadudduka, wanda qara yawan aiki. A lokacin da wannan ba dole ba ne iyakance ga daya kawai baro da biomass cewa an barshi cikin filin bayan girbi na kasuwanci amfanin gona. Ya kamata ya zama lafiya, da sauran kayan. Alal misali, nasarar amfani da ciyawa na Pine, ragowar na masara, kowane irin hulls tare da haushi da kuma sawdust, kazalika da sauran aiyukan-m, amma tasiri cikin sharuddan boye da sharar gida kasuwanci. A bukatar high quality-ciyawa saboda bukatar rama da m Properties, wanda aka rasa ƙasa saboda minimization daga cikin aiki yadda ake gudanar.

ƙasa taki

A canji a cikin tsarin kula da shirya ƙasar don dasa da kuma namo dabara a general ba zai tasiri a gina jiki tushe na kasar gona Layer. Rage aiki tsanani da kuma adana amfanin gona saura daga biomass girma al'ada taimaka wajen rage subsurface zazzabi gradients. Bi da bi, da microclimate a ƙasa surface ba haka ba ne m domin ci gaba da amfanin gona fiye da ƙananan yadudduka. A sakamakon haka, biomass sharan decompose more sannu a hankali, kuma a matsayin tsari a sannu a hankali gina jiki ilimi. Da farko shi yana nufin da abubuwa nitrogen, da samuwar wanda shi ne dogara a kan external yanayi. A wannan yanayin babu ruri daga ƙasa kwayoyin, wanda a al'ada tsarin sa plowing, take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a nitrogen da carbon mineralization. Haka kuma, a bukatar taso don ƙarin wadata da ƙasar amfani abubuwa.

Barin namo da farko deprives ƙasar murfin saboda kariya. Idan ciki tsarin kiyaye mafi kyau duka ingancin ga amfanin gona raya kasa, da na waje yadudduka bukatar yin amfani da herbicides. Domin inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma sun Bugu da kari na nitrogen taki. Amma yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa surface-watsa shirye-shirye-aikace na irin wannan gyara ya kamata a yi a babban kundin rama domin yuwuwar hasarori. Sake shi ya kamata a tuna cewa sifili fasaha ne har yanzu a mataki na farko da aiki sa wani zurfin gabatarwar takin a lokacin namo. A wannan yanayin, da kashi iya dace gargajiya norms, saboda shi gusar da hadarin nitrogen volatilization. A nan gaba, irin wannan matsaloli da weathering na taki a kan surface za a iya shafe ta da yin amfani da wata dabara domin namo neglubinnuyu. A gaskiya, babban factor a yin ingancin gina jiki ba ko da a hanyar sa, kuma auna abubuwa. Yau, ɓullo musamman miya tsara don ƙasar da kai tsaye shuka.

Manyan ka'idodin shuka

Kamar yadda fasahar gusar plowing yi, shi ne ma ya kira ta kai tsaye shuka. Wannan yana nufin cewa saukowa ne da za'ayi kai tsaye daga ragowar tsofaffin shuke-shuke, kiyaye a kan filin kamar ciyawa. Amma, don samun ake so sakamako na juyawa, shi wajibi ne da farko yin lissafi da yawa. Wannan siga ne m da yawa dalilai karkashin wanda rinjayar da za su faru to amfanin gona a sifili tsarin. A musamman, daga cikinsu akwai yanayin damina, kasar gona da irin, ƙasar yankin, da kuma sauransu. D. Bayan cimma ganiya yawa rarraba tsaba, za ka iya count a kan m germination na gaba shuka.

A sana'a gonaki seedling yawa da aka lasafta ta yawan seedlings da naúrar yankin dangane da matsakaicin amfani da ruwa, haske da ta dace selection na gina jiki. Da yawa daga cikin zabin kewaye da sauran sanyi na saukowa ne dogara a kan irin kayan aiki amfani. Ba kamar al'ada hanyoyin da namo fasahar "sani-Har" shafi yin amfani da musamman kayan aikin tsara musamman domin kai tsaye seeding. A ƙayyadaddu na irin wannan kayan aiki saboda da dalilai da dama, daga cikin abin da ya surface jiyya manufa.

A amfani da fasaha wajen

Yawancin lokaci da seeding tsari ne ya aiwatar da via turbonozha, wanda ya samar da wani ingantaccen mikrovspashku recessing ƙasa samuwar. Wannan aikin daidai da daidai iri jeri. A wannan yanayin, akwai daban-daban na kayan aiki, ga takamaiman amfanin gona. Hankula mafita dauke turbonozh cewa ya yi aikin yankan da kuma Harrow ƙasa a zurfin game da 10 santimita. Kuma ya kamata a lura a nan shi ne wani muhimmin ingancin aikin noma kayan aiki domin kai tsaye shuka. Ya kamata ya zama zai yiwu a daidai maimaita duk magudi da taimako, kyale samuwar GROOVES so zurfin. Yana da wannan dalili da cewa a lokacin shiri na filayen da "sani-Har" tsarin yana da muhimmanci a yi a high quality-jeri. Wannan yanayin zai kawar da rashin daidaito a cikin kwanciya da tsaba.

Don santsi surface lahani turbonozh sigogi gyarawa zuwa Rotary spring inji, wanda damar da kayan aiki don tabbatar da ƙasa uniformity yayin da sashe. Akwai kuma gyare-gyare a cikin abin da ruwa da ake gyarawa zuwa mabudin. A cikin sharuddan yi a kan m saman ne mafi munin zaɓi, tun a yankunan da bumps, kuma hollows kayan aiki watsa load ba frame, amma dukan coulter zane, saboda wanda karya da zaman lafiyar na cikin shakka daga cikin sabon Disc sa zurfin. A dukan kewayon kayan aikin noma, domin irin wannan ayyuka da ya kamata a dogara ne a kan irin kaddarorin da tabbaci sabon sharan gona, don tabbatar da santsi yankan da sealing na kasar gona horar da kayan tsananin bisa ga bukata zurfin. Hakika, da cikakken yi, babu shiri ba a bayar, amma za ka iya samun kusa da su, idan da gaba kudi da kuma takamaiman fasali na site, inda naúrar za a yi amfani.

abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin fasahar

Game da wannan fasahar ba a ce shi sauqaqa manomi daga mai yawa matsala da kuma nauyin, kyale ka ka lissafa a kan wannan adadin amfanin gona, kazalika da aiki halin kaka a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na gargajiya namo dabaru. Ta na da yalwa da ta nuances, amma kuma da yawa daga m halaye, ma. A gaskiya, kamar yadda aiwatar da wannan tsarin a hanya mafi kyau shi bayyana agronomist sana'a, wadda da farko ya shafi aiwatar da m lissafin da ƙasa aiki. Amma ga amfanin, mafi m gefe na fasahar an rage wa rage kayan aiki halin kaka, da man fetur ga shi, kazalika da ajiye lokaci.

An muhimmanci factor ne adana m ƙasar halaye. Ya ce yashewa ne m ba kawai ga yanayi dakushe da ake samu, amma kuma da na din-din-din ta ƙãrẽwa, haddasa gidan haya zuwa ki da aiki da suke yi na mãkirci. A wannan yanayin, duk da haka, irin wannan kasada an shafe ta, kyale manoman su dõgara a kan dogon lokacin da ƙasar amfani. Dabam, masana lura, da kuma jari na danshi a cikin ƙasa. Idan gargajiya ƙasar namo inganta tsarinta, da adana daga cikin m Layer taimaka wajen normalize zafi yanayi. Wannan amfani ne musamman gagarumin ga steppe da kuma yankunan m inda yawan amfanin ƙasa ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yanayin yanayi.

fasahar shortcomings

Domin a farkon shi ne ya kamata a lura da wani yawan hani da cewa ba ka damar amfani da wannan tsarin a cikin wani yawan yanayi. Wannan ya shafi, misali, a yankin da wata predominance na m da marshy asashe. Kubuta daga wannan nuance ne zai yiwu, a cikin taron cewa ƙasa za a bayar da high quality-magudanun ruwa tsarin. A nan shi ne ya kamata a lura hani a kan aiki na m filayen da suke impractical to gyara ga irin wannan manufar. Duk da haka, wadannan wannan yanayi ne manufa ba kawai na al'ada nõmansa, leveling babban abũbuwan amfãni mallaki by fasahar "sani-Har" a wani hali yi. Alal misali, shi ya shafi danshi balance, wanda a cikin hali na matsalolin da dausayi ne a wani daban-daban jirgin sama. Saboda haka, yin amfani da kai tsaye seeding a kan wannan ƙasashe kawai impractical.

Har ila yau, duk da amfanin a cikin nau'i na kiyayewa da m halaye sifili shũka tsarin ne wajen kasa aiki cikin sharuddan gona kariya Properties. Sau da yawa a cikin wadannan yanayi shafi pathogens da kuma karin kwari, wanda taimaka rabu da kawai wajen aiki sinadaran kariya. Daga cikin shortcomings No-har an yi bikin da ta zumunta mawuyaci a cikin zane. Ta kare daga ciwon yin al'ada inji ake gudanar, amma kiwata bukatun don cika da matsayin na namo al'adu. Ko da sana'a na agronomist ba ko da yaushe tabbatar da cewa da goyon baya za su iya samu nasarar aiwatar da fasaha, samun mai kyau girbi. Farmer, musamman, bukatar da ta dace da goyon baya na amfanin gona rotations, kazalika da ilimi na jinsin da kuma takamaiman aikace-aikace daban-daban na kashe qwari. Kuma shi ke ba a ma maganar da shawara na gida halaye na ƙasa, sauyin yanayi, bayani game da kwari da sauransu. D.

Features na aikace-aikace na fasahar a Rasha

Pace-masu yi don ci gaban fasahar ne Agronomists Canada, Australia da kuma Brazil. Bi da bi, Rasha na nuna wani mai m fadin yi cikin sharuddan yankin sun shagaltar da kai tsaye seeding. Kuma wannan duk da cewa mafi yawan m arable ƙasar ne ba kawai manufa domin aiwatar da Hanyar No-har, da kuma masu bukatar shi. Irin wannan ƙasashe suna da wuya shayar, wanda qara munasaba na tambaya tsare danshi a cikin ƙasa tsarin. A lokacin a Rasha aka mamaye gargajiya agronomical hanyoyi don adana danshi Manuniya, tsakanin wanda aka lura da hanyoyi na ban ruwa. Amma da tasiri na wannan hanya domin rike wani mafi kyau duka kasar gona yanayin kiwata damuwa Agronomists. Reviews ce cewa ban ruwa na nufin yi a matsayin masana'antu bai gani ruwa scarcity, amma wannan matsala na iya tsaya a cikin shekaru goma sa'an nan miƙa mulki ga sabon tsarin zai zama fiye da mai raɗaɗi.

Amma duk da haka a wasu yi na yin amfani da sifili-ƙasar aiki fasahar for Rasha manoma a can. Sun kuma yi amfani da wata dabara tattaka riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa kuma yi amfani da wani musamman m lokacin da seeding. A musamman agro-fasaha hadaddun samar da mai amfani dumps, kurfi, kuma tare da jirgin sama, wanda da gaske da irin wannan tasiri a matsayin turbonozhi. Yana motsa da yin amfani da sifili-shũka dabaru da kuma tattalin arziki yiwuwa. Wannan Gaskiya ne, don masu manyan yankunan, waxanda suke da zama dole na gargajiya namo babbar zuba jari a kayan aiki da kuma ta tabbatarwa.

ƙarshe

Hakika, babban rarrabẽwa ga zabin da wani tsarin na noma shi ne karshen sakamakon. A wannan yanayin, da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ta ingancin halaye. Yi ya nuna cewa zamani noma tsarin a cikin nau'i na No-har fasahar bada hanya zuwa saba juna na namo. Duk da haka, al'ada namo tare da m taki hali 'ya'yan itace, daga wanda har' yan manoma ne shirye ya ba. Amma a cikin dogon gudu ya fi dacewa da riba hanyar amfani da ƙasar shi ne har yanzu a sifili tsarin. Wannan ya tabbatar da shekaru masu yawa na kwarewa da aikace-aikace a Canada, Australia da kuma sauran kasashe, wanda zauna na farko matsayi a cikin martaba na noma. A daya hannun, don tantance tasiri ta hanya ya kamata da farko nazarin abun da ke ciki na gona. Gwaji da miƙa mulki ga sabon fasaha a hadarin 'yan, da kuma sana'a nazarin tare da yin amfani da musamman kayan aiki da kuma masu tsada, ko da yake, da kuma gudu sau daya.