Ilia Chavchavadze: ban sha'awa sada facts

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - Jojiyanci marubuci, mawãƙi, yarima, Zakaran daga mulki, kuma kasa 'yancin kai. A shekarar 1987 ya aka canonized da Orthodox Church. A wannan yanayin, an mai suna ta Ruhu Mai Ilia mãsu taƙawa. A farkon karni na 20th aka dauke cikin shahararrun Chavchavadze Jojiyanci kasa adadi. Wannan labarin zai gabatar wa short biography. Bari mu fara.

Ilia Chavchavadze: siyasa

A gwarzo wannan labarin samu doka da ilimi a St. Petersburg University. Amma saboda da "dalibi na tarihi" a 1861 ya yi tafiya daga makaranta zuwa saurayi.

A farkon 1864 Ilia Chavchavadze aka nada mataimakin gwamnan-Janar, kuma ya tafi a kan wata manufa don Kutaisi lardin. The prince ya ƙayyade hali na manoma, da kuma gidan haya.

A shekaru hudu Chavchavadze yi magana zaman lafiya matsakanci a Tiflis lardin. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai hukunci, a cikin wannan County har 1874. Bugu da kari, Iliya ya jagoranci yaduwar rubuce-rubuce a cikin al'umma da yawan jama'a na Georgia. A shekarar 1906, da mawãƙi an zabe memba na majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin na nobility. A tsawon harkar siyasa fada domin cin gashin Georgia. A wannan batun da sarkin amsa kamar yadda 'yan RSDLP, da kuma hukumomi na Rasha Empire.

kisan

A karshen watan Agusta 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, wanda aikin za a bayyana a kasa, yana tafiya da matarsa Olga. Couple hawa a wani bude karusa daga Tbilisi zuwa Saguramo. Kusa da su tasha band Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). Kowane memba na gungu da makamai. Chavchavadze ya juya zuwa ga ƙungiya: "Kada ka harbe, ina Ilya." Gigla ce: "Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa muna tilasta bude wuta." Bayan haka, akwai da sauti na harbi.

Vakhtang Giruli a cikin littafinsa kawo sunayensu ra'ayi na daya daga cikin mafi girma da likitoci na lokaci kira Iashvili. Šauki ko da yake ya kasance ba a sani akan cututtuka da kuma na bincike masanin kimiyya, amma soki data na bude yi. A cewar Iashvili harbe ya aka yi ba a cikin gaba da raya. Wato, da wuta bude daga na biyu kwanto, wanda ba su ma san da ƙungiya Berbichashvili.

jumla

Mafi yawan mutane sun gaskata cewa Chavchavadze kisan ba a warware gaba daya. Berbichashvili ƙungiya yan aka barata bisa ga matalauta jihar nasu makamai, da kuma bayyana a kotu cewa "shi ya tafi kashe da kanta." Sun kuma suka ƙaryata game da gaban abokin ciniki. A bazawara na mawãƙi bukaci kotun da ta ajiye rayuwa na 'yan fashi, kuma ta haka ne girmama ƙwaƙwalwar na mijinta. Amma, ta hanyar da shawarar "Stolypin ta shari'a", da ƙungiya (sai tsere Imeretia) aka kashe.

versions

A halin yanzu, wasu marubuta suka ba su saba da Jojiyanci harshe da kuma tarihi, bisa ga Prince kisan Bolshevik (Rasha). Alal misali, bisa ga Farfesa Anna Geifman, Ilia Chavchavadze gangarawa nationalists ya jagoranci gwagwarmaya da Socialist-Democrats. A karshe ya jagoranci Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. Ya kasance ba farin ciki tare da zargi da shirin a kan wani ɓangare na yarima. Wannan ƙwarai gurgunta siyasa matsayi na Bolsheviks. Geifman Chavchavadze dauke da babban hanyar kashewar m shahararsa a matsayin mutum kuma wani marubuci. Duk wannan Anna haifa da kuma a kan siyasa aiki na Ilya G. la'akari da cewa ya tafi da manoma daga m gurguzanci.

A gaskiya wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Idan farfesa san tarihin Georgia, da ba zan yi irin wannan erroneous karshe. Da fari dai, Nationalists a lokacin kira magoya bayan ba Chavchavadze da abokin kokawarsa Nikoladze. Abu na biyu, na Democrat Socialists bai raba yayin da a kan Mensheviks da Bolsheviks. Na uku, jam'iyyar Ilya G. ya m, kuma bai lashe zaben.

Akwai kuma sauran versions. Alal misali, Social Democrats dauke da Oganeza na kisan kai da asirin 'yan sanda. Shayar da jarirai da mawãƙi sanya anti-gwamnati matsayi da kuma ta gwagwarmayar da yarjejeniyoyin da kisa.

halittar

1857 - wannan shekara, lokacin da ya fara zuwa buga ayyukansa Ilia Chavchavadze. mawãƙi ta waqe sun bayyana a daban-daban wallafe: jaridar "Droeba" mujallar "Tsiskari", kafa ta shi "Sakartvelos Moambe", da dai sauransu Amma ya fi shahara waka na Prince: "Uwar kuma Ɗan", "Cabin Fever," "Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel", "Tsarki", "A episode daga rai na 'yan fashi." Har ila yau Chavchavadze rubuta irin litattafan da suna "The gumagumai", "Kirsimeti labarin", "m labarin", "Haruffa matafiyi", "Story of a bara", "Katsia-Adamiani" da sauransu.

A lokacin da rayuwar Ilya G. fassara a cikin Rasha da dama daga cikin waqe. Amma ga waqe, da Rasha, masu karatu zai iya karanta kawai tare da "Cabin Fever". Af, duk da waqe a zamanin rayuwarsa Chavchavadze, fassara a cikin Rasha, aka tattara a cikin wani raba tarin. TAMBAYA daga shi aka buga a cikin "Bulletin na Turai", "pictorial Review", da dai sauransu

Fassarori

Ilya Chavchavadze fassara a cikin harshe na Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov da Pushkin. Shi ma bai yi wannan ha] in gwiwar tare da wasu marubuta. Alal misali, tare da Ivan Machabeli fassara a cikin Jojiyanci "King Lear."

jama'a wakĩli a kansu

Ilia Chavchavadze an internationalist. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya kare nuna musu wariya da Armenian yawan Georgia. Wani lokaci sai ya yi dauki kasada domin kare kanka da rãyukansu. Amma da mawãƙi gan Georgians sõyayya proletarian al'umma, da sarakunansa, - da juyin juya halin Musulunci sahun gaba. Duk da cewa Chavchavadze Tbilisi karkashin jagorancin ƙasar banki, ya ma nasa ne da proletarians kansu, singing nasu kerawa. Har ila yau, Ilya G. yi yaƙi da Armenian, Ossetian, Rasha, Turkiya, da dai sauransu bourgeoisie. A 1902 ya wallafa labarin "The kauce duwatsu da kuma Armenian masana kimiyya" a cikin Rasha translation. Ta ya yi mai yawa amo. A dangane da wannan anti-gwarzo wannan labarin amsa kamar yadda ba kawai Armenian bourgeoisie, amma kuma bar-reshe Social Democrats.

Stalin game da mawãƙi

A cikin shekaru 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, wanda biography da aka gabatar a sama, ya jagoranci mujallar "Iveria". Akwai ya buga bakwai waqe na mawãƙi Soso. Sun Stalin rubuta a karkashin wannan pseudonym sa'ad da yake a seminary. Chavchavadze ta aiki ya na da babban tasiri a kan gaba shugaban Tarayyar Soviet. Stalin, tare da wasu reservations, ma, ya yi ĩmãni mutãnensa sõyayya proletarian al'umma. Ya sabawa rubuce-rubucensu shi ne game da} arfafa aji gwagwarmaya kamar yadda zuwan kwaminisanci da Gurguzu baza su duk amma Georgians. A wata hira da fim darektan Michael Chaureliya, Stalin kira Chavchavadze daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci marubuta na nuna na goma sha tara da kuma ashirin ƙarni.

memory

• A Tarayyar Soviet, da sunan jarumi na wannan labarin za'ayi Batumi Jihar Drama Theater.
• G. Image Ilia sanya Gel 20 (Jojiya doka).
• A shekarar 1958, gidan waya bayar hatimi kishin Chavchavadze.
• A mawãƙi sunan da aka bai wa University of Culture da kuma yammacin Turai harsuna.
• Memorial gidan kayan gargajiya publicist bude a kauyen Kvareli (1937), Estate na Ilya G. kira Saguramo (1951) da kuma Tbilisi (1957).