Hydrogen cyanide: A dabara Hazard aji

Hydrogen cyanide ko hydrocyanic kira hydrocyanic acid. Shi ne colorless, sosai maras tabbas, kuma mobile, sosai flammable, yana rarrabe wari da almonds. Yana da musamman mai guba.

Properties

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN dabara) ya auku a cikin yanayi, shi accumulates wasu tsire-tsire ya ma da rabo a taba hayaki, coke, rabuwa da aka lura a lokacin da thermal bazuwar na polyurethane da nailan. Wannan abu ne na halitta magani da kuma kare da tsaba da kuma tsaba da yawa shuke-shuke daga hari ta hanyar kwari. Ga misali, an dauke a cikin nuclei na apricots, plums, cherries, almonds.

Ana iya gauraye a wani rabo tare da ethyl barasa, ethanol da ruwa, tare da shi kuma reacts da aldehyde. Hydrogen cyanide zama m at -13,3 digiri Celsius, da fiber tsarin kankara. Sai dai a cikin iskar gas a 25,7 digiri. Gas ne m fiye da iska.

Daban-daban kayan sauƙi sha hydrocyanic acid. Wannan, misali, roba, yadudduka, kankare, tubali, da kuma wani abinci. Hydrogen cyanide da ya garwaya da iska siffofin da wani flammable, fashewar cakuda, da m karfi na wanda shi ne mafi girma fiye da na TNT.

da yin amfani da

Hydrocyanic acid da aka yi amfani da a samar da acrylonitrile, acrylates, wanda baya ne ga yi robobi. shi ne kuma dole don samar da cyanogen chloride, acrylonitrile, amino acid da kuma fumigants amfani da noma domin kwaro iko. Da hannu a cikin kira na nitrile roba da kuma roba zaruruwa, lactic acid da kuma plexiglass. Nasarar amfani da rodent iko, disinfection da kuma lalata kwari na 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Sufuri da kuma ajiya

Domin da kai na hydrogen cyanide aka yi amfani a matsayin wucin gadi ajiya tankuna da kwantena, dogo motoci. Domin m ajiya amfani terrestrial tsaye cylindrical tafki girma daga hamsin zuwa dubu biyar cubic mita (da cika factor na 0.9-0.95). Yanayi matsa lamba, da yawan zafin jiki a cikin cylinders ba rage. Matsakaicin canja adadin ajiya - biyu tons.

guba

Ciwon kai, hangula, a ji na haushi a bakin, tsoro - duk wanda zai iya sa hydrogen cyanide. Human daukan hotuna fara bayan kawar da wani dokin 0.3 MG / m ³ (cubed) - aka iyakance halatta taro a cikin iska da aiki sarari. Yanayi iska ƙauyuka bai kamata ya ƙunshi fiye 0.01 MG / m ^3.

Mutumin yana farawa don jin halayyar almond wari a maida hankali 2-5 MG / m ^3. Tare da kara maida hankali 5-20 MG / m ³ aka nuna da farko bayyanar cututtuka: ciwo a kai da kuma dizziness, hangula na mucous membranes da idanu, baki ji m, kuma bayyana marar tushe ji tsoro. Tsawo daukan hotuna zuwa wani taro na 50-60 MG / m ³ sa tashin zuciya da kuma amai, palpitations, mydriasis, seizures da kuma asarar sani. Domin m isasshe sha taba da vapors a maida hankali 130 MG / m ³ a kowace awa, kuma a maida hankali 220 MG / ^M3 lokaci an rage wa minti biyar. Mutuwa maida hankali ne 1500 MG / ^M3.

physiological effects

Prussic acid - wani abu da zai iya sa nama anoxia. Idan guba a cikin jikin mutum akwai wata karuwa da oxygen a jijiya da kuma venous jini, sa'an nan rage jijiya-venous bambanci, a sakamakon, nama oxygen amfani ne cin zarafi ba rage. Hydrogen cyanide kuma ta salts ana narkar da a jini, fada cikin masana'anta da amsa tare da cytochrome oxidase. Bayan cyanide fili a cikin nau'i na trivalent baƙin ƙarfe gaji da damuwa da aiki na electron canja wuri zuwa oxygen kwayoyin. Saboda gaskiya cewa karshe hadawan abu da iskar shaka naúrar kasa, dukan tsari na numfashi da aka gaji da damuwa, wahala daga nama hypoxia, domin ko da yake oxygen da kuma aka tsĩrar a hannun dama yawa, an ba tunawa da aka aiko zuwa cikin venous jini a canzawa form.

A lokacin kunnawa da glycolysis ya auku a lokacin prussic acid dalma: musayar canje-canje daga aerobic zuwa anaerobic.

kawar da hatsarori

Hydrogen cyanide (Hazard aji - 2) na iya zama m da mutane. A lokacin da aftermath na hadarin, wanda ake dangantawa da saki ko spillage na NCH, da hatsarin zone ne 400 mitoci. Wajibi ne a ware da kuma cire mutane, cire duk wani kafofin daga harshen wuta, da kuma wadanda ba shan taba. Kamata ya kasance a kan leeward gefen.

Duk da yake a cikin m yanki ake bukata don amfani m kayan aiki (insulating masks ko numfashi na'ura, kazalika da fata kariya na nufin A-1, 5-fir da fir 4). Waje chetyrehsotmetrovoy zone ba zai iya yin amfani da fata kariya da kuma gudanar da masana'antu da kuma} ungiyoyin gas masks su kare kansu daga ana guba.

Gas masks da kuma sauran m kayan aiki

Hada makamai tace masks ne tasiri idan maida hankali hydrogen cyanide a cikin iska ne kasa da 2500 MG / ^M3. Industrial tace masks ana amfani a iyakar halatta taro na 6000 MG / ^M3. Duk da haka, idan tururi sulusi da murabba'i na hydrocyanic acid a cikin iska ne 7000-12000 MG / m ³ (7-12 g), ko sanye da gas mask, wani mutum a cikin 'yan mintuna don jin bayyanar cututtuka na guba saboda shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar fata. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a high yawa ko bayan shafe tsawon amfani a cikin Shiyyar ake bukata don amfani da cikakken m kayan aiki.