HPP Rasha da kuma samar da makamashi m

A kara mu wayewa a ci gaba, da karin makamashi yana bukatar. da wutar lantarki yanzu nuna iri uku tashoshin - nukiliya, thermal da kuma ruwa. Idan aka kwatanta da makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke da CHP shuke-shuke, samar da wutar lantarki nuna mafi arha da wutar lantarki, amma da gina hydroelectric shuke-shuke costing isasshen tsada. Musamman matsala gina hydroelectric iko tashoshin a kan waɗansu kõguna na Turai - Turai ƙasar hanya, da kuma ambaliya a manyan isa rabo daga shi ba zai yiwu ba. A Rasha, HPP ke a daban-daban matsala - seasonality. A lokacin sanyi, sa'ad da Kogin kankara, hydroelectric iko tashoshin ne rago.

HPP Rasha ya kasu kashi biyu iri daban-daban. A farko hada da tashar, gina a kan manyan koguna na filayen, da kuma na biyu da irin tashoshin gina a kan dutse a kogi. Mafi yawa daga cikin Rasha samar da wutar lantarki shuka da aka gina a kan filayen, ko da yake a Turai, irin tashoshin dauke marasa amfani baki ɗaya. Wannan shawarar da aka sanya don Rasha makamashi mai kyau ban ruwa na ƙasashen m ga hydroelectric iko tashar.

Kamar yadda aka sani, wani aiki HPS bisa ka'ida mayar sanadin motsi makamashi na fadowa ruwa ya kwarara zuwa cikin na'urar samar da makamashi. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu nuances, ga abin da Rasha HPS kasu kashi uku iri.

Hydroelectric tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da for musamman na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Tsarin, wanda halitta da zama dole ruwa shugaban. Energy hira faruwa a turbines, inda sanadin motsi makamashi zama inji, da kuma bayan cewa - lantarki. Irin wannan HPP Rasha, mafi yawa gina a wani jinkirin kwaruruka koguna.

Musamman jinsin su ne tidal hydroelectric tashar. An gina a kan gaba daga cikin tekuna da kuma haifar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da tidal matsa lamba. A yi na irin tashoshin ne tsada, wutar lantarki da aka generated a su ne ba m, amma maimakon kawai a lokacin da kwarara ko ebb, don haka tidal hydroelectric iko shuka a Rasha, akwai 'yan kaxan.

The uku nau'in pumped ajiya tashar. Wadannan shuke-shuke nuna wutar lantarki, famfo a yawa na ruwa tsakanin tankuna na daya girma, cikinsa daya tafki aka located a kasa da sauran. A dare, da ruwa da aka pumped cikin sama tafki, kuma da rana saukar da can a cikin ƙananan pool. Cikinsa da sakamakon matsin lamba da aka amfani da su janye da wutar lantarki.

Wani, na huɗu irin na HPP fito kwanan nan. Damless na'urar ko tubular ikon shuka ne mai sauqi qwarai, saboda haka shi za a iya shigar a kan karami kõguna da m.

Yanzu Mr. idroelektricheskoe Rasha tattalin arzikin kunshi na goma sha uku da manyan game da daruruwan kananan tashoshin. Rasha ta most samar da wutar lantarki shuka gina a cikin irin na gudãna a matsayin Likitan mata, Svir, Yenisei da Volga. An dauke da most Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric iko tashar, dake kusa da birnin Divnogorsk, a wani wuri inda Yenisey crosses na Shefela da Eastern Sayan. Wannan samar da wutar lantarki shuka ga shekara samar da fiye da ashirin biliyan kilowatts na wutar lantarki.

Babban muhalli matsalar HPP Rasha hade da ambaliya na m ƙasar, saboda wanda muhimmanci worsens ingancin ruwa a koguna. Wucin gadi Wuraren da hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke da lokaci juya cikin kwamin na tara najasa, wanda aka ajiye na gina jiki da kuma nauyi karafa. Duk da muhalli damuwa, da Rasha, samar da wutar lantarki yana da m al'amurra.