Yankin fifiko ci gaba. a kan yankuna na fifiko ci gaban doka

Yankin fifiko ci gaba, wanda za a jera a kasa, zama duk da haka wani yunkurin da kasar ta shugabanci kasar Sin hanya. Ya nuna samuwar na musamman yankunan, da ake kira da tattalin arziki locomotive. Next, la'akari da abin da ya ƙunshi na ƙasar fifiko ci gaba a Rasha da kuma abin da suke bukata.

tarihi bayanai

A farkon 90s da gwamnatin samarwa jerin yankuna na fifiko ci gaba. Duk da haka, kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, ɓullo da shirye-shirye da kuma aka ba da cikakken aiwatar. A shekarar 1991, a dokar da aka wuce zuwa tsara da inflow na waje zuba jari a cikin gida tattalin arzikin. Its guzuri an kafa ga wasu kasashen waje kasuwa wasu amfanin. A musamman, shi zaci wani Saukake rajista hanya, rage haraji rates, tsawon lokaci haya a wata low price, visa-free gwamnatin da kuma rage na kwastan aikinsu. Tun da 1996, da SEZs aka halitta a cikin kasar. Saboda haka, da farko musamman zone aka halitta a Kaliningrad yankin, na biyu -. A Magadan. shirin zuwa 31 Disamba 2014 da aka tsara don šauki. Duk da haka, da nasarar da aiwatar ba. Har ila yau soma da daftarin dokar a kan musamman zone a cikin Baikal-Amur Railway / d line. A rabo daga cikin shirin shi ne ba a sani ba.

Development a farko

Na 17 musamman zones halitta nasara mun kasance kawai 6. The mafi matsala sun yawon shakatawa yankunan. Kamar yadda muka gani da babban darektan na JSC "SEZ" Tretyakov, wannan shi ne saboda ba daidai ba zaba Hanyar. A gaskiya da kome tattauna zuba jari, ya aka ba ba da hakkin ya zabi wurin da shirin. Bugu da kari, bai isa ya rayayye ci gaba da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa yankunan. Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa wannan na iya zama saboda da rashin so daga cikin yankuna tsunduma a su gabatarwa.

sabon zagaye

Duk da setbacks, da ci gaba na musamman zones ci gaba. A halin yanzu, wasu daga cikin SEZ iya fadada zuwa yankin matakin. A musamman zones ne isasshe m ga kayan aiki da jawo kudi a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. A lokacin Medvedev shugabancin da aka kafa, da tattalinsu wanda tsara da samuwar kuma aiki na yankin raya zones. Haka ne, ya wani sabon ra'ayi. ZTR ne wani ɓangare daga cikin batun, inda sharadi gwargwado ake generated for masu zuba jari. Dalilin wannan zones bayar da shawarwari cikin hanzari da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki samuwar yankin. Samar da wani yanayin da ya shafi arziki na jihar goyon baya ga masu zuba jari. Duk da haka, ta duba domin shirye-shirye fiye da fadin fiye da envisaged a cikin aikin a shekarar 1991. A management na wannan yankunan kamata a da za'ayi da musamman kafa gwamnati. Yanzu a 20 yankunan kafa ZTR.

hudu ƙoƙari

A daya daga jawabansa zuwa Tarayya Majalisar, Shugaba Putin samarwa halittar da yankin fifiko ci gaba. List of data kasance yankunan, ya kara da cewa wani kusa kusa. Shugaban haskaka fifiko yankunan. A musamman, musamman da hankali, ya ce, cancanci m daga yankin na ci-gaba cin cibiyar - Far East. Daga cikin yankunan da zuba jari, da shugaban kasar wanda kuma ake kira Siberia, musamman, Khakassia da Krasnoyarsk Krai. The shugaban kasa kuma samarwa yanayi, saboda abin da na ci-gaba raya yankin za su zama m ga masu zuba jari. A musamman, shi ne wata biyar-shekara haraji holidays, a rage kudi na inshora gudunmawar, da Sauki hanya kwastan yarda, na gida da iko, da samun gine-gine. Bugu da kari, wata hujja ajanda ya kamata a ci gaba, a karkashin abin da zai yi aiki a yankin na ci-gaba gaba. Far East na bukatar gina related kayayyakin more rayuwa. Wannan aiki za a aiwatar a kudi na Game da Asusun.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin SEZ da kuma saman?

Yankin fifiko ci gaba, daidai da dokokin, yana da wani matsayi daban-daban fiye da musamman zone. An ba a yarda da halittar waɗannan wurare a cikin wannan yankin. Kamar yadda irin wannan bambance-bambance ƙasa na fifiko ci gaban da SEZ yana ba. Kawai, watakila, da bambanci za a iya gani a matsayin duration na aiki. Saboda haka, shekaru 20 ya yi aiki na musamman yankin domin shekaru 12 - da yankin fifiko ci gaba.

Bill: wani bayyani

Its mataki ne da nufin kafa doka gwamnatin ga yankunan karkashin shawara. Kullum matakan tallafawa kamfanonin gano masu zuba jari. Bugu da kari, Tarayyar Law "A cikin yankuna na fifiko ci gaba" shirya wasu dangantaka da shafi wadannan yankunan.

na dokokin ƙa'idar definition

Yankin fifiko ci gaba - shi ne wani yanki na Far East, a kan abin da musamman doka gwamnatin for harkokin kasuwanci da kuma sauran ayyukan. Da samuwar wannan yanki da za'ayi ta tarayya da kuma gida kasafin kudi, kazalika da sauran kafofin. Normative yi tabbatar da musamman hanya ga samuwar karkarar fifiko ci gaba. Primorsky Territory ne na musamman matsayi. A cewar shi ne m da doka matsayi na mazauna da kuma ƙayyadaddu na kasuwanci da sauran ayyuka.

doka gwamnatin

a kan yankuna na fifiko ci gaban doka tabbatar:

• Fifikon rates na haya.
• A musamman domin na ƙasar amfani.
• Haraji da inshora amfanin.
• Musamman shirye-shirye domin gwamnatin iko, na birni da dubawa.
• Fifiko ga haɗi zuwa wani iri-iri kayayyakin more rayuwa.
• Samar da musamman jama'a ayyuka.
• A amfani da wani free kwastan yanki tsarin mulki.
• The yiwuwar jawo fifikon da expedited Dalili na waje gwani ma'aikata.
• A amfani da tsafta da kuma fasaha dokokin wadannan da misali daga cikin mafi ɓullo da OECD kasashen.

administrative na'ura

a kan yankuna na fifiko ci gaban doka tabbatar da takamaiman ikon zuwa jihar hukumomi. A cikin yankuna dole ne aiki na musamman kisa raka'a da kuma sauran gabobin (FTS, MES, ma'aikatar harkokin da sauransu). Ta hanyar kafa musamman hanya za a karu da sauran matakin na yankin ta gwamnati bin misali na irin wannan zones a cikin wasu kasashe.

amfanin

Tun 2014 a Irkutsk yankin, Baikal, Far East, kuma a Buryatia gabatar da wani musamman haraji tsarin mulki. akan rage sirri samun kudin shiga da haraji da aka shirya 7% na kudin shiga da haraji - har zuwa goma. A lokaci guda ya kamata su dauki na karshe sifili na farko cikin shekaru biyar. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan harka, masana sun lura da wasu shawara. A musamman, Medvedev nuna wa musamman haraji gwamnatin, wanda ya kasance da nufin haramta motsa ba-man fetur. A yawan gwamnatin matakan, bi da bi, ya shafa da haraji a kan hakar ferrous da nonferrous karfe tama, da kwal, da zinariya. A lokacin, shi ne ba a aure shugabanci. Wannan halitta dama ga ayyuka na "kungiyoyin na tasiri".

Transfer na kasuwanci

Bayan Medvedev ya sanar da karfafa Minvostokrazvitiya dalĩli, hukumar, shan amfani da damar da ya miƙa don canja wurin da iko na jihar duk da hannun jari na Asusun a kan ci gaban da Baikal da kuma Far Eastern yankuna. A gaskiya, shi abubuwa a matsayin na biyu na Vnesheconombank. Saboda haka, da canja wurin da hannun jari zai nufin kawai reallocation na albarkatun. Duk da haka, ma'aikatar ta sa a gaba wani tsari da samuwar ƙarin cibiyoyin. A musamman, da suka yi magana game da JSC "Far East", wani m ba riba kungiyar "don tallafa wa Agency ta fitar da kaya da kuma janyo hankalin masu zuba jari a cikin Far East", kazalika da ANO "Agency for ma'aikata Development." A sakamakon haka, tare da samarwa ƙulli daga cikin na musamman tattalin arziki zone a cikin Magadan yankin da kuma Sovgavan a Khabarovsk yankin, wanda zai iya lura da korar cigaban tattalin arzikin da ƙasar Far East. Samuwa albarkatun za haka ne za a mayar da hankali a hannun Minvostokrazvitiya.

A girma daga zuba jari da aikin yi

Ga ci gaban da Far East yankin na bukatar game da 3.3 biliyan rubles. Wannan adadi da aka kafa domin lokacin har zuwa shekarar 2020. Daga wannan game da 170 biliyan rubles. shirya za a kasaftawa ga 2014. Masana sun lura farkon gwagwarmayar da kudi kasaftawa a cikin tarayya cibiyar. The sosai guda gwamnatin fi son zuwa nema Minvostokrazvitiyu. Duk da haka, wasu manyan mallakar gwamnati da kamfanonin mai yiwuwa ba na so shi. Daya daga cikin shirya matakan a cikin ni'imar da aikin yi na ma'aikata na kamfanonin guda-masana'antu garuruwa. A musamman, shi yana nufin ma'aikata na AvtoVAZ. Bugu da kari, wani bata lokaci ba aka gabatar da sojoji ga mutanen da na Far East da kuma 'yan asalin wanda sun koma can.

binciken

Rubuce, bisa ga masana, a cikin jiki, duk ko a kalla mafi na samarwa matakan Far East yankin iya juya a cikin wani fundamentally daban-daban daga cikin sauran na yankin musamman administrative da kuma haraji matsayi. Wasu masana ma ce cewa Far East iya zama kwatanci ne ga Hong Kong. Duk da haka, ko za a aiwatar a yi shi ne ba a bayyana. A lokacin, ba har ma da bikin abubuwan da ake bukata don wani abu mai kama da manufar "kasa daya - da tsari biyu". Shakka yi imani da cewa yankin na ci-gaba cin iya zama a cikin tsare-tsaren, kamar na kasa ayyukan, anya da GDP da sauran unrealized shirye-shirye.

Ra'ayin da kuma shawarwari

Kamar yadda muka gani ta M. Abizov, gwamnatin jihar ya yi niyyar gasa ko da tare da sabuwar kafa yankuna na fifiko ci gaba a Korea, Japan da kuma kasar Sin. A wani taro na ma'aikatar gabatar da wani sabon ra'ayi domin kungiyar na karin-kasafin samu na kudi a cikin Trans-Baikal yankin da kuma Far East. A taron ya kuma sanya ta masana kimiyya. Sun miƙa wa inganta ci gaban bincike, gina tashoshi da sauransu. Daya daga cikin shawarwarin da masu bincike da aka sani a matsayin kusan neman sauyi. A musamman, masana kimiyya ya yi magana game da kafa kudi na Far East yankin da kuma Siberia, wanda za a mayar da hankali ga 20-25% na jimlar fitarwa albashi na cirewa raw kayan, ba tare da tunani da ta "cibiyar." Wannan ra'ayin da aka bayyana ta Vladislav Inozemtsev. Daga baya sai aka sa a gaba a gwamnatin taron Igor Slyunyaev (ministan Regional Development). Masana sun aka cikakken wajaba lura da cewa domin dabarun ra'ayi takardunku ya kamata a dauka na nasara aiwatar da ayyuka. Cerda sauran shawarwarin Regional Development ma'aikatar ya busa ra'ayin inganta harkokin sufuri cibiyar sadarwa, abin da ya kamata a kasaftawa biliyan 300 rubles. Bugu da kari, hankalin gwamnati da shugabannin da aka kõma da Magadan yankin. Saboda haka, shi da aka samarwa a gina wani kankara-free tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin ƙasarta (a Providence Bay ko a cikin Magadan). A lokaci guda farkon da ma'aikatar sufurin shirya zama dole gyara ga kayan abinci na Tax Code. Ya kamata su samar for diyya na halin kaka na tashar jiragen ruwa masu gudanarwa, wanda zai faru a game da gina tashar jiragen ruwa wuraren binciken ababen hawa, ƙwarai accelerating da handling na dukiya.

a ƙarshe

Duk da baya setbacks, a yau da gwamnatin furta wata hujja bane ya bi ta hanyar. sabon yankuna dokar har yanzu na bukatar inganta. Duk da haka, shi riga ma'anar asali al'amurran da suka shafi samuwar kuma m aiki na wadannan yankunan. Daidai da muhimmanci shi ne aikin da management ma'aikata kai tsaye a cikin Far East. Ya kamata a inganta yin da kuma goyon bayan jama'a matakan. A co-aiki na damuwa sassa da kuma ma'aikatun, kasuwanci da kuma 'yan asalin mafi kusantar su ci a wani guntu lokaci. Babban aiki a yau, tare da zuba jari, da arziki na yawan aka dauke su aiki. Don cimma wannan manufar shi wajibi ne don haifar da mafi kyau aiki yanayin a cikin sabon da kuma data kasance shuke-shuke. Za ka iya bukatar kafa ƙarin jihar tabbacin ga yawan jama'a.