Helianthus annuus: Features na namo, description da kuma iri

Abin mamaki duba da kyau filin tare da sunflowers - shuke-shuke, buds wanda suke kama da rãnã da yara hotuna. Wannan zinariya-yellow mu'ujiza ne ba kawai mai girma a gare ta bayyanar, shi ne kuma mai amfani.

A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da abin da yake a sunflower. Shekara-shekara, ko perennial ne mai shuka, da yanayi a wadda ta tsiro, abin da suke da iri, iri, za ka koyi da karanta shi.

Tarihi na sunflower mai samar da ya fara a Ingila a cikin marigayi karni na sha takwas. Tun daga nan, da dama bred sunflower iri, wanda hadawa high jure daban-daban kwari da cututtuka.

Overview

Helianthus annuus - wannan shi ne mafi muhimmanci a duniya oilseeds. M da kuma godiya ga amfani agronomic dabaru, shi da amfani sosai, kuma m. Ba don kome ba a Heraldry sunflower flower alama ce ta ci gaba da haihuwa. Bugu da kari, abin mamaki kama da rãnã shuka a wani yanayin a wani site Halicci mai haske da kuma dumi yanayi.

Sunflower an girma a kusan duk m m yankunan da albarkatun kasa domin samar da high quality-kayan lambu mai. Kuma shi ne amfani da nectariferous, magani da kuma ornamental shuka.

Sai dai itace cewa akwai wani sabon abu irin - sunflower tuber. An dauke da wani kayan amfanin gona.

description

Helianthus annuus (iyali Asteraceae) - a shuka yana da kyau tushen tsarin, in mun gwada da sauri tasowa a cikin ƙasa har zuwa 140 cm (da kuma a cikin yanayi na musamman - kuma har zuwa 5 mita) da kuma a kalla nisa -. 120 cm shuka Woody kara high (kai wurare da kuma 4 mita), an rufe tare da dankon. M zuciya-dimbin yawa ganye ne manyan, tare da nuna dubaru.

Inflorescence na sunflower - da yawa-flowered kwandon (a cikin man siffofin diamita na 15-20 cm) da wani dan kadan convex ko lebur faifai. Manyan furanni located a gefuna - asexual, Reed, yellow-orange da kuma gaba daya rufe da tsakiya matattarã - bisexual, tubular, ma karami girma.

Kuma da yawa tsaba sun ripened sunflower. Shekara-shekara herbaceous shuka yana da wani 'ya'yan itace achenes, kunsha na wani core da wani harsashi. Sunflower tsaba dauke da wani talakawan na 22-27% na man fetur, yayin da mafi kyau iri - 46% ko fiye. Daya kwandon, dangane da irin da kuma yanayi kula sunflower, yana daga 200 zuwa 7000 achenes.

Yana mallaka m magani Properties (astringent, antiphlogistic da sauransu.), Helianthus annuus. Da dabara na wani flower: * A (5) T (5) A1.

Sunflower a Rasha

Sunflower - hankula da shuka na steppe da gandun daji steppe zones a karkashin wani yanayin damina. Cikin Rasha lissafinsu game da 70% na dukkan albarkatun gona a duniya. Wannan inji shi ne babban oilseed amfanin gona da girma a cikin Rasha. Daga ta tsaba, kasar samar edible da kuma masana'antu mai.

Remnants na aiki ne ma ba a rasa: bagasse amfani a cikin shirye-shiryen da abinci ga gona da dabbobi. samu daga potash ash daga stalks da kuma taki. tallest sa (3-4 m) tare da wata babbar kore taro horar da matsayin silage amfanin gona.

al'adu da tarihin

A wurin haifuwa na shuka ne kudancin yankin na Arewacin Amirka. A Rasha Helianthus annuus na gabatar a cikin 18th karni riga daga yammacin Turai. Asali an horar da matsayin ornamental shuka, amma daga baya ya fara yin amfani da sunflower tsaba a matsayin bi, dangane da wanda ya fara more bred cikin gidãjen Aljanna da gonaki.

An sani cewa namo sunflower ne kamar zaitun shuke-shuke a filin amfanin gona da ake dangantawa da sunan wani baƙauye-serf Bokarev, da farko ci gaba a 1835 da man fetur daga shi.

Musamman yadu sunflower amfanin gona da aka rarraba farko a cikin Voronezh da Saratov, kuma daga baya ya bayyana a cikin sauran Rasha yankuna.

Helianthus annuus: rai fom

Nau'i na shekara-shekara horar da sunflower kasu kashi 3 kungiyoyin:

• gryzovye da ciwon manyan achenes da kananan tsakiya, sabili da haka suna da wani m man fetur abun ciki. A pericarp na sunflower offline sulke Layer, wannan shuka duk da haka mun gwada sauƙi lalace sunflower asu caterpillars.

• oilseeds ne karami achenes na sulke Layer a cikin pericarp.

• flaxes wakiltar tsaka-tsakin yanayi tsakanin oilseeds da gryzovymi iri.

A Rasha, da most masana'antu amfani ne irin oilseed sunflower.

Game da sunflower iri

Helianthus annuus yana da wani m iri-iri iri da horar da a zamaninmu, a full yarda da bukatun na data kasance samar.

Rarrabe farkon-maturing iri na tsakiyar-da. Akwai breeds cewa an yadu amfani da su yi ado cikin lambu da kuma wurin shakatawa yankunan. Kasa suna takaice gabatar da wasu daga cikin na kowa a cikin al'adun iri na sunflowers.

Early-maturing iri

Sunflower albatross ne sananne ga ta gwada high man abun ciki. A iri-iri ne fari-resistant, ba amenable don cutar da kuma lalacewar daga kwari. Daidai amsa ga m hanyoyin da namo. Wannan iri-iri da ke tsiro zuwa 195 cm tsawo.

Busuluk ƙunshi 54% man fetur a tsaba. Quite fari sa, kuma yana da wata barga yawan amfanin ƙasa a daban-daban yanayin damina. Yana bukatar barbarar takin zamani da ingancin noma. Tsayinsa ya kai 168 cm.

Mid-sa

A flagship iri-iri yana da manyan yawa na amfanin gona. The man fetur abun ciki a cikin shi - 55%. Quite girma shuka, kai 206 cm.

Favorit ma bambanta da babban mai abun ciki - 53%. Daban-daban sa da kuma resistant zuwa hydrolytic lalata mai, dangane da abin da ya samu albarkatun kasa yana da wani low acid lambar. Shuka ke tsiro zuwa 200 cm tsawo.

Jagora high m cultivar ƙunshi 54% man achenes. Alhamdu lillahi shi amsa ga gabatarwar dace takin.

Duk wadannan iri vysokotolerantny zuwa Phomopsis resistant zuwa broomrape, da sunflower asu da ƙarya powdery fumfuna.

A bit na sunflower tuber (Urushalima artichoke)

Wannan irin girma kamar yadda fodder, fasaha ko na ado da al'adunsu. A shuka ke tsiro da kyau a cikin mafi m canjin yanayin. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa ya tsufa ya auku ne kawai daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, dangane da iri-iri. Urushalima artichoke amfanin gona up to 35 ton na balagagge tubers a kowace kadada.

Akwai wani shuka samar da mararraba - topinsolnechnik. Tubers manyan m yana da wani sunflower.

Namo na sunflower: Yanayi

A shuka nema su kasa, na da mafi kyau ga shi chernozem ne baƙin yumɓu, loamy, da mai arziki iri-iri na gina jiki. M yashi kasa. Excellent precursors ga sunflower ne spring sha'ir, hunturu alkama, masara da wake. Sake a cikin wannan wuri sunflower sown ba a baya fiye da 7-9 shekaru. Ba lallai ba ne don shuka shi a wuri a cikin past shekara girma tushen amfanin gona Urushalima artichoke perennial ciyawa, wato bayan da amfanin gona na kowa cututtuka.

Sunflower amsa da kyau zuwa takin. A mafi hatsari kwari da shuke-shuke suna wireworms, irin ƙwaro-Krawczyk, shiponoska, sunflower Barbel. Da kwari da cututtuka (fari rot da tsatsa) amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban: agronomic, sinadaran da inji.

shuka

Kamar yadda horar da Helianthus annuus? Girma daga zuriya kai tsaye a bude filin - babban hanya. Yana za a iya dasa da kuma pre-shirya seedlings.

Amfani domin shuka tsaba saki iri da quite a high germination da shuka wasu halayen kirki. Tsaba yawanci suna da za a calibrated, saboda shi ke da wannan size da kuma daidai da sada harbe, kuma yanã ƙara yawan aiki.

Tabbata ga shuka sunflower bayan da dumama da ƙasa ya kamata a yi don +10 ... +12 ° C, in ba haka ba za a yi wani raguwa a iri yawan amfanin ƙasa.

shi ne m

Helianthus annuus an girma a ko'ina cikin duniya. Amma sunflower - gaskiya Rasha shuka aka gane waje. An ɓangare daga cikin yankunan karkara wuri mai faɗi da wadannan rawaya furanni tare da baki, located a kan cibiyar da tsaba.

A Jamus theme shakatawa Europa-Park (Jamus ta most da na biyu a Turai cikin sharuddan yawan baƙi) yana mai Rasha zone, inda sunflowers girma. Kuma a Berlin, a daya daga cikin yankunan, rani settles "Sunflower Maze": sunflower filin tare da m hanyoyi. A Austria akwai wani wurin shakatawa tare da sunflowers a kan wadannan shuke-shuke, da kuma wani iri-iri iri da kuma iri.

ƙarshe

Sararin filayen rufe flowering zinariya sunflowers, ya dubi picturesque, mai haske da kuma na gaisuwa ko a inclement weather. Wa anda suke so su yi ado da infield da kuma haifar da wannan haske, jin dadi da kuma na gaisuwa yanayi za ka iya amfani da kyau ado shekara-shekara sunflowers.

Suna da mamaki Fluffy rawaya furanni, wanda shi ne kusan ganuwa tsaba. Ko sa su yi kyau taushi sunayen: Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear. Lalle ne, flower ne zinariya m ball, mafi kamar Jawo pompom. Wadannan sunflowers, Bears a wajen m look a flower gadaje da kuma dogon blooming.

Wannan cute unpretentious flower da haske rawaya petals kawo wa lambu karin haske, sabo da yawa makamashin hasken rana.