Harkar Kuɗi tsarin

A zamani model na raya kasuwar tattalin arzikin monetary bashi tsarin bautar wani muhimmin matsayi a cikin tattalin arziki da inji. Yana da wani m tsarin tattalin arziki wurare dabam dabam, wanda regulates kudi wadata, sarrafa kudi gudana, accumulates da redistributes tsabar kudi gudana, gudanar da ƙauyuka tsakanin tattalin arziki da abokai, rance ga mutane da kuma wasu sassa na tattalin arziki.

Akwai biyu Concepts na monetary tsarin: na farko shi ne mai sa na bashi dangantakar, hanyoyin da siffofin da kudi (aikin form). na biyu - a sa na kudi cibiyoyin, wanda ayan tara tsabar kudi dan lokaci samuwa kudi, sa'an nan kuma suka ranta (hukumomi form).

A cikin farko idan muna magana ne game da irin wannan dangantaka a matsayin banki, kasuwanci, gwamnatin, mabukaci, kasa da kasa bashi.

A karo na biyu idan an rage wa da wadannan sigogi. Modern lamuni System - wani hadadden inji cewa yana da dama matakan, wanda accumulates da gudamawar kudi da kadarori. A manyan abubuwa na tsarin ne: Babban Bankin, da tsarin gwamnati da kuma kusan-bankuna. bankuna, wanda ya hada da bankuna tanadi, musamman bankuna domin cinikayya. jinginar gida rance, zuba jari, musamman bashi da kudi maras banki cibiyoyin: fensho kudi, kamfanonin inshora da kuma zuba jari fuskantarwa, da kudi da kamfanoni, daban-daban iri tanadi da rance da ƙungiyoyi, sadaka tushe.

Wannan uku-matakin makirci ne halayyar mafi cigaban kasashe (US, Japan, da kasashen na yammacin Turai). Mutum kasashen bambanta a mataki na ci gaba da mutum raka'a daga cikin tsarin. A mafi ɓullo da na monetary kuma bashi tsarin a Amurka, dangane da abin da yake a kan shi ake daidaitacce raya ƙasashe lokacin da kafa nasu bashi tsarin.

A jihar shirya monetary tsarin a manyan hanyoyi biyu: ta kai tsaye administrative baki (da tsawwala farashin m rationing na kaya, da dai sauransu) da kuma kai tsaye ba administrative baki (cikin hali na manufofin kudi).

Saboda haka, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa monetary bashi tsarin na jihar da aka tsara su don saduwa da bukatun da tattalin arzikin a rarraba samuwa tsabar kudi da kuma ambaliya a cikin mafi ci-gaba da alamar rahama sassa. A wasu abokai lokaci zuwa lokaci bayyana dan lokaci free kudi (ragi kudi), yayin da wasu - a ƙarin kudade bukatun. Wannan musu ne nasarar warware monetary bashi tsarin kasar.

Harkar Kuɗi da kuma bashi tsarin na Rasha Federation kunshi uku tiers: tsakiya Bank. banki tsarin (bankuna na kasuwanci halitta). musamman bashi da kudi cibiyoyin. Wannan tsarin fili ya nuna bukatun na kasa da tattalin arziki, shi ne kusa da model na bashi tsarin na raya ƙasashe da kuma fara daidaita da wa sabon matakai na tattalin arziki.

Wannan bashi tsarin har yanzu yana da wasu ƙarara a cikin kusan dukkan matakan (kara yawan kananan bankuna, kamfanonin inshora, zuba jari kudi da bankunan ci gaba da zuwa kware a gajere bashi ake gudanar, wanda results a cikin kasa madosa na kudi wajen raya masana'antu da kuma sauran sassa na tattalin arziki. To, a yau ya isa bashi al'amurran da RF tsarin bukatar kara kyautata. rinjayen aiki na monetary-cred tnoj tsarin da aka tsara don samar da wani barga jihar na kasa da tattalin arziki.

Rasha ta banki tsarin yana da biyu matakan, wakilta Tsakiya Bank na Rasha Federation (Bank of Rasha) da kuma bankunan.