Polio: lamba jadawalin yara

Polio - wani m dauke da kwayar cutar Pathology, a cikin abin da kwayar cutar rinjayar da launin toka al'amari na laka da medulla oblongata. Its sakamakon ne inna, abu don m tawaya. An yi imani da cewa a Rasha, Turai da Amirka iya kayar da wannan hatsari cuta, kuma ya taimaka wa yi alurar riga kafi da polio. Jadawalin a Rasha azurta su hali a cikin watannin farko na yaro ta rayuwa.

polio

Polio - wani m kamuwa da cuta lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na uku serotypes. A tushen kamuwa da cuta ne marasa lafiya da kuma cutar dako. Cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar ta fecal-baka da kuma droplets. Wannan shi ne, za ka iya samun kamuwa da lamba, ta hanyar da ruwa, da jita-jita, da kayayyakin, wanda samu da cutar. A waje muhalli, shi ne barga isa cewa shi zai iya tsokana da annoba. A mafi saukin kamuwa da mataki na 'ya'yansa daga watanni 3 zuwa shekaru 5. Tare da hankula siffofin polio cutar ke kai hari da mota nuclei na kwakwalwa kara da laka. Asibiti shi ne aka bayyana ko dai meningitis ko ci gaban da inna, paresis, tsoka atrophy. Har ila yau, cutar na iya zama asymptomatic ko shãfe gani. Lifelong rigakafi rike mutane jimre polio. immunization jadawalin damar yaro wajen samar da wani wucin gadi na rigakafi da tsarin to kamuwa da cuta. Amma dole ne mu tuna cewa a cikin rashi na lamba, ko da rashin lafiya tare da cutar shan inna, mutum zai iya sake harba su, amma wakili zai yi wani daban-daban irin cutar.

iri alluran

Don kwanan wata, iri biyu alluran ci gaba. Rarrabe live baka polio maganin (allurar OPV) da kuma inactivated polio maganin (IPV). A Rasha, a jihar matakin, duk da matakan da ake dauka don rage matakin na cuta a cikin yawan jama'a, da kuma gina Katanga tsakaninsu da irin wannan cututtuka kamar cutar shan inna. Inoculation (immunization jadawalin za a gabatar a kasa) za a iya yi duka biyu allurar OPV, kuma IPV. Dukansu versions na maganin dauke da duk iri uku na cutar da cewa yana sa wannan cuta. A kasar mu da shi an yarda da amfani a matsayin live da inactivated alurar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a karshe na hada shirye-shiryen "Tetrakok" wanda ake amfani da lokaci daya lamba kan cututtuka kamar diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio. Jadawalin na lamba damar da karshen biyu makirci. A daya daga cikinsu domin lamba amfani IPV da allurar OPV, revaccination, yayin da sauran ya shafi gabatarwar IPV kadai.

baka maganin

Allurar OPV, ci gaba a shekarar 1955 da wani American virologist A. Sabin. Ya qunshi wani mai rai ba, amma ya raunana cutar. Azahiri, maganin shi ne wani ruwa, canza launin a cikin ja da wani m aftertaste. Maganin da aka gudanar da baki, instillation, dangane da natsuwa, daga 2 zuwa 4 saukad. Jadawalin na lamba da cutar shan inna ga yara a karkashin shekara guda maganin bada shawarar a rufe tushen harshe don kauce wa regurgitation. A mazan mutane shi ne shuka a kan tonsils. Bayan hanya, a cikin awa daya kana so ka ware abinci da abin sha. Idan yaro ne har yanzu srygnul, sake-gabatar da wannan kashi.

Ta hanyar lymphoid nama na pharynx attenuated virus a cikin hanji, inda suka fara ninka, a mayar da martani ga wanda tsarin na rigakafi fara nuna antibodies, saboda abin da jiki da aka kafa da kuma kariya. Lokacin da kamuwa da wannan, aiki polio cutar da suke aka kunna, don haka da cewa cutar ba ci gaba, ko ya wuce a cikin wani sauki hanya, ba tare da haddasa paresis kuma inna.

inactivated maganin

Tun da farko, a 1950, shi ne George. Salk aka miƙa wani inactivated maganin dauke da kashe kwayar cutar. An gudanar da allura da kuma aka dakatar a cikin nau'i na yarwa syringes, da abinda ke ciki wanda shi ne daya lamba da poliomyelitis. alurar riga kafi jadawalin da aka yawanci shawarar yin amfani da wani inactivated maganin ga lamba. IPV aka gudanar intramuscularly a cinya ko babba hannu. A hali na ta yin amfani da aka ba da ake bukata domin kauce daga abinci da abin sha.

Da yawa karatu sun tabbatar da cewa duka biyu alluran ne tasiri da kuma sa shi yiwuwa a samar da wani karfi rigakafi ga irin cututtuka kamar cutar shan inna. immunization jadawalin damar yin amfani da wani musamman maganin, dangane da mutum halaye na yaro. Wannan shawarar yawanci daukan wani pediatrician, tare da na farko jarrabawa da kuma tattara cikakken likita tarihi. Kawai bayan da wani yaro ko ya fara tasawa da aka hankali yayi nazari, ya aka shigar da shi cikin alurar riga kafi na irin cututtuka kamar cutar shan inna (maganin).

alurar riga kafi jadawalin

Allurar rigakafi jadawalin, wanda shi ne babban daftarin aiki gudãnar da allurar rigakafi kwanakin a kasar mu na bukatar da za a alurar riga kafi da polio a dama, saukarwa. A lokaci guda a kan na farko da su (lamba) ta amfani da inactivated maganin, kuma m (mai kara amfani) - rayuwa. Irin wannan makirci aka dauke su mafi kyau duka domin karfi rigakafi da cutar.

A farko maganin da cutar shan inna (immunization jadawalin zai taimaka matasa iyaye to Orient) da IRP ne a ƙarƙashin da shekaru 3 months. Next lamba kuma dauki IPV a 4.5 watanni, da kuma na uku (allurar OPV) - 6 watanni. Sai ku ciyar da mai kara amfani, wanda kuma faruwa a matakai uku:

• 18 watanni (allurar OPV).

• 20 watanni (allurar OPV).

• 14 (shekaru allurar OPV).

Akwai kuma immunization jadawalai, wanda amfani ne kawai inactivated shirye-shirye. A wannan yanayin, alurar riga kafi ne:

• 3 months.

• 4.5 watanni.

• 6 months.

Wadannan inoculation polio kara amfani jadawalin wanda ya hada da wadannan sharuddan:

• 18 watanni.

• 6 shekaru.

Kamar yadda ka gani, ta amfani IPV jadawalin da aka da ɗan taqaitaccen. Irin wannan makircinsu aka yi amfani da kasashen da dama, da shi ba a dakatar a Rasha.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa idan saboda wasu dalilai da lamba jadawalin da aka canja, ba lallai ba ne ta yi watsi da m allurar rigakafin. 45 days, wanda aka kafa a matsayin tazara tsakanin jiyya, ne m ambatacce, kuma idan an ya karu, sa'an nan za ta kasance ba, to damu game da. Samuwar rigakafi a lokacin wannan lokaci ba zai daina, kuma ba ka da su fara da farko allurar rigakafi. Wannan shi ne, idan wani mataki na lamba da aka tsallake, daga irin wannan cututtuka kamar cutar shan inna, alurar riga kafi jadawalin kawai don ci gaba da makirci, kuma ba su fara da farko allurar rigakafi. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa allurar OPV, kuma IPV ne m kwayoyi.

Bugu da kari ga shirya ayyukan domin yara a Rasha an gudanar da allurar rigakafi na manya. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da wani mutum da ke shiga wani yanki inda akwai wani babban abin da ya faru na kamuwa da cuta, ko a matsayin m gwargwado a cikin hali na wata cuta fashewa.

maganin dauki

Duk da cewa yanzu alluran suna kullum da kyau jure, a mayar da martani ga maganin iya bi ta mutum dauki. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, allurar OPV, shi ne karfi. Wannan za a iya gani a cikin zafin jiki ne tãyar da su 37,0-37,5 ° a mako na biyu bayan inoculation. Har ila yau, a lokacin da biyu kwanaki iya zama kadan zawo. Duk da cewa irin wannan dauki quite rare, shi ne al'ada da kuma ba ya bukatar musamman da magani. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, duk wadannan cuta ne da kansu.

Lokacin gudanar IPV a allura site iya zama kadan kumburi, da kuma zai yiwu kananan Yunƙurin a jiki zafin jiki, da ci da cuta, tashin hankali.

rikitarwa

The kawai tsanani wahala da wannan maganin ne a alurar-hade shanyayyen poliomyelitis - vApp. Abin farin, shi ne musamman rare. Yana kullum yakan faru bayan na farko da yin amfani da allurar OPV, (a kalla - a karo na biyu da lamba) da kuma Saide tare da dukan siffofin da yanzu cutar shan inna (paresis, inna, tsoka atrophy). A hadarin VAPP ne mai girma a cikin yara da low rigakafi, na cin gaba nakasa, masu tare da HIV ko AIDS, idan amfani da allurar OPV alurar riga kafi. Don kauce wa wannan wahala contingent kawai IPV da ake amfani da allurar rigakafi.

Lura - unvaccinated mutane (la'akari da shekaru) fama da low rigakafi (HIV, AIDS) ko shan kwayoyi, shi ne suppressed iya samun vApp daga wani yaro dasa allurar OPV, tun da watanni biyu bayan lamba excrete da cutar a cikin yanayi.

contraindications

Jadawalin na lamba da poliomyelitis yara Highlights da wadannan contraindications wa allurar rigakafi:

• m cututtuka ko exacerbation na kullum pathologies - alurar riga kafi an jinkirta har zuwa 4 makonni bayan dawo da, a cikin hali na low-makamashi SARS lamba za a iya za'ayi bayan daidaita yawan zafin jiki.

• mai tsanani rashin lafiyan dauki ga gyara na maganin.

• immunodeficiencies, malignancies, immunosuppressive jihohi.

• neurological cuta, wanda ya bayyana a baya allurar rigakafin.