Grigory Chukhrai: tarihin rayuwa, tarihin rayuwar mutum, hoto

Gregory Chukhray - Soviet fim darektan, girmama artist, rubucen litattafai da makoma cancanci zama abin koyi ga na zamani tsara. Sau uku aka raunana a yakin, ya yi aiki don ya tsira, don ya fito da shi ta hanyar talabijin na musamman ga masu kallo.

Grigory Chukhrai: tarihin jagoran fim na Soviet

An haifi Gregory a Melitopol (Ukraine, Zaporozhye yankin) ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1921. Mahaifinsa, Naum Zinovievich Rubanov, wani soja ne. Uwar - Claudia Petrovna Chukhray bayan ya sake aure tare da mijinta a 1924 ya sadu da wani mutum wanda ya zama Grigory mahaifinsa. Pavel Antonovich Litvinenko, wanda ke aiki a matsayin jagoran rukuni na gama gari kuma ya kafa mafi kyawun dabi'un mutum a lokacin yarinyar.

A karshen 1939, an shirya Gregory Chukhrai a cikin sojojin. Sabis ta fara aiki a matsayin ƙungiya mai ɗorewa a makarantar sakandare 134 a garin Mariupol. A cikin yaki mai girma na kishin kasa, ya bayar da rahoto game da rajista a cikin rundunar sojin sama, wanda ya yarda da umurnin. Don haka, a matsayin mai tayar da hankali, Grigory Chukhrai ya shiga cikin fadace-fadacen da ke gaba da gaba, a cikin karewar Stalingrad, sau da yawa ya yi tsalle a baya na abokan gaba da wani ɓarna, sau da yawa ya ji rauni. A watan Agustan 1944 ya zama memba na CPSU (B.), kuma a cikin watan Disamba 1945, yayin da yake a matsayin babban magatakarda, an kore shi daga rauni a cikin ajiyar. Ga hanyar da aka wuce, Gregory Chukhrai ya karbi lambar yabo, daga cikinsu - Red Star, Dokar Taron Patriotic, "Wajan Tsaro na Stalingrad", "Don Nasara a kan Jamus".

Matakan farko a cinema

Bayan dawowarsa a 1946 daga gaba, darektan darektan Gregory Chukhray, wanda tarihinsa ya farfado da gaskiyar da ƙarfin fina-finai, ya shiga cikin VGIK, mai kula da darakta. Aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan, ya kasance wani ɗalibin kwalejin likita a cikin fim M. Romm "Admiral Ushakov". Bayan kammala karatun, a 1953, Grigory ya gayyace shi don ya zauna a Mosfilm, amma wani saurayi mai matukar farin ciki ya yanke shawarar komawa Ukraine, inda ya zauna a gidan Kiev na fina-finai na farko a matsayin mataimakin kuma a matsayin darektan na biyu.

Sojoji arba'in-farko

A shekara ta 1955, a lokacin da Mista Romm da A. Pyriev sun bukaci Grigory Chukhrai (wanda aka kwatanta a cikin labarin) zuwa Mosfilm. A nan ne marubucin ya ci gaba da haifar da hoto na farko na '' mintuna guda '' (1956), bisa ga labarin B. Lavrenev. Aikin da aka gani ya nuna yabo sosai ga mai kallon kuma ya lashe lambar yabo na musamman a bikin Film na Cannes a shekara ta 1957. Wannan hoto na ƙaunar da aka yanke wa mutane biyu da aka kama a bangarori daban-daban na ƙananan tarurruka, na gaskiya da zurfin ji na namiji da mace, wanda Izold Izvitskaya da Oleg Strizhenov suka cika, wanda ya zama alamomin zamanin 1950. Wannan hoton, wanda duk abin da yake da karfi sosai, mai gaskiya da jin dadi, ya sa ku ba kawai ku gaskata abin da ke faruwa akan allon ba, amma ku nuna damuwa da dukan zuciyar ku. Ko da yake babu mutuwar kafin ingancin kamara kuma babu abokan gaba, darekta Grigory Chukhrai ya yi kokarin ganin mai kallo ya kasance mai tsauraran kai da wasa, yana nuna cewa har ma a cikin lokaci mai mahimmanci, tarihin tarihi yana ci gaba kuma mutane suna son juna, komai.

Ballad na soja "

Kwalejin da Chukhrai ya dauka "The Ballad of a Soldier" (1959) ya ci nasara, kuma ya yi nasara a cikin fuskokin duniya, ya lashe lambar yabo guda biyu a gasar Cannes Film Festival, tare da masu zaman zamani da zurfin shiga cikin tunanin mutum, haɗin kai da kuma halayyar fasaha. Halin Grigory Chukhrai wannan fim din ya tashi a kwanakin daliban. Shi, dan jarida, yana da matukar sha'awar gaya game da abokansa, wadanda yawanci ba su rayu ba har abada. An taimaka wa marubucin rubutun don taimakawa ɗan jaridar Valentin Yezhov, wanda kuma ya shiga cikin yakin ya kuma so ya yi magana da gaskiya, gaskiya, ba tare da wata murya ba, a cikin kalmomin ɗan adam game da ɗan'uwa, jarumi mai jaruntaka wanda ya ba da ransa don mahaifinsa. Babban halayen zane, Alyosha Skvortsov, wanda Vladimir Ivashov ya buga, ya zama alama mai haske na soja na Rasha na War Warrior.

"Sunny Skies" by Gregory Chukhrai

Fim din "Cikakken Sky" (1961) ya ba da hankali ga fahimtar tarihin ƙasar Stalin. Wannan labarin ne game da "Stalin Falcon", wanda ba shi da tsoro a cikin Soviet wanda ya tsira daga Jamus, da fitar da shi daga jam'iyyar, da ɓata sunan Jaridar Soviet Union, amma kwaminisancin kwaminisanci. A zanen da aka gabatar ga m gungu simintin: Nina Drobysheva, Evgeniy Urbansky, Oleg Tabakov.

A shekarar 1964, fuska tafi biyu-kashi ban mamaki fim "Akwai wani tsohon Couple", wanda ya gaya game da rayuwa da mutane na Rasha hinterland, wato tsofaffi Gusakova. A karshen rayuwarsu sai suka fada cikin gwaji mai tsanani: wuta ta lalata gidaje, wanda ya tilasta wajibin su shiga ɗansu Nina a Arctic, wanda rayuwarsa ba ta ci gaba ba. Fim ya nuna game da dan Adam don farin ciki, kuma sunan hoton ya aika mai kallo zuwa labarun Pushkin game da kifin zinari.

Game da Uwar Deserter

Kashewa na gaba - "Ƙunƙwasawa" ya bayyana a fuskokinsa a 1977. Wannan fim ne game da mahaifiyar mai haɗari - Matryona Bystrova (Nona Mordyukova), wanda ya rasa mijinta a gaba, sa'an nan kuma dansa na fari. Kokarin ci gaba da yaki ƙarami yaro - wani shiru, m Dmitry (Andrey Nikolaev), sai ta yanke shawarar zuwa boye ta a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Ajiye ɗan, uwar wadai da kanta ga naƙuda ta lamiri, da zũriyarsu - da mutuwa ta ruhaniya. Kowace rana Dmitry ya juya kan kansa da dabba marar kyau, wanda rayuwarsa ta kunshi cin abinci, cin mutunci, zargi da dukan matsalolin mahaifiyar da tsorata. Tarihin sirri na mahaifiyar wanda ya gudu daga cikin ɓoye yana girma a cikin yanayin fim ɗin zuwa tsaka-tsakin sararin samaniya, yin aikin wannan aikin mafi muhimmanci akan batutuwa. Na farko, Gregory Chukhrai yana so ya yi suna "zane-zane", saboda an tilasta uwar ya ɓoye yaro ba daga abokan gaba ba, amma daga kansa.

"Rayuwa mai kyau" a cikin wata ƙasa mai ban mamaki

Ayyukan Soviet-Italiyanci na "Italiya ya zama kyakkyawa" (1980) tare da haɓaka Ornella Muti, dan fim din Italiyanci, ya nuna wani ƙasashen da ba su da tushe wanda ya sa doka ta soja ta shara'anta kuma ya hana duk wani tunani maras kyau. Direktan takwaransa Antonio Murillo ya shiga cikin gwagwarmaya siyasa na karkashin kasa a kan mulkin mallaka. Magana game da aikin jirgin saman jirgin sama da jirginsa, ya zama wanda ake zargi, yana cikin kurkuku, inda ake azabtar da shi. Na gode wa abin da aka nuna, ya gudanar da tsara wani tsari daga kurkuku har ma daga kasar.

A shekara ta 1985, tare da Mista Volodsky da Yu Shvyrev, Grigory Chukhrai, wanda tarihin fina-finai ya fi yawa a tarihi, ya yi fim din "Zan koya muku mafarki" (1985). An ƙaddamar da aikin ga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar malamin kuma babban daraktan Mark Donskoy.

Darakta Gregory Chukhrai: rayuwar mutum

Rayuwa ta sirri na darekta Grigory Chukhrai yana kama da ayyukansa - ainihi, sokin, mai gaskiya. Iraida Penkovu, matarsa ta gaba, ta sadu da darekta a 1942 a Essentuki, inda aka aiko shi a matsayin memba na dakarun sauka. Tare da abokanta, ɗalibai mai shekaru 21 da ke cikin ɗakin koyarwar ilimin ilimin kimiyya na gida sun kori magunguna, kuma a maraice sun tafi dangi. A can, kuma ya sadu da kashi biyu na ɗaya. Lokacin da 'yan Jamus suka shiga birnin, an tura saurayin zuwa wasu wurare, kuma Iraida ya zauna a birnin. Shekaru biyu Grigory Chukhrai, wanda rayuwarsa ba shi da ma'ana ba tare da Iraida ba, yana neman ƙaunarsa, amma ba tare da nasara ba. Sa'an nan kuma ya rubuta wa jaridar Komsomolskaya Pravda, kuma wata mu'ujiza ta faru: yarinyar ta karanta wannan sakon kuma ta amsa. A shekara ta 1944, Grigory Chukhrai ya koma garin da 'yan ta'addan Jamus suka karbe, kuma ranar 9 ga Mayu, ma'aurata sun yi aure. Daga balagagge Iraida ta karbi kyauta kyauta mai yawa na lilac. Bayan shekara guda, a 1945, tare da ranar tunawa da bikin aure, 'yan yara sun yi bikin babban Nasara. Tun daga nan, ranar 9 ga watan Mayu ya zama hutu na biyu ga ma'aurata, kuma lilacs sune furen da aka fi so. Tare, Gregory da Iraida sun rayu fiye da rabin karni. Ma'aikatan direktan su ne ɗan Pavel, wanda ya maimaita hanyar mahaifinsa kuma ya zama darektan fina-finai, kuma 'yar Elena, wanda ya sauke karatu daga jami'ar Kimiyya ta VGIK.

Ayyukan zamantakewa Чухрая

Bugu da ƙari, yin fim, mai kula da Soviet ya yi aiki a cikin jama'a, koyarwa da gudanarwa, a shekarar 1965-1975, shi ne darektan zane-zane na Ƙwararrun Ayyuka na Muslim a Mosfilm, a 1966-1971, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a cikin ɗakin koyarwar VGIK. Tun 1965, shi ne sakataren kungiyar Cinematographers na Amurka, kuma a 1964-1991. - Memba na Jam'iyyar Jam'iyyar Dokar ta USSR.

Shekaru na karshe na rayuwarsa, Grigory Chukhrai yana fama da rashin lafiya sosai, ya sha wahala da yawa, kuma ba ya motsawa sosai. Babu wani babban darektan a ranar 29 ga Oktoban 2001, an binne shi a kabarin Vagankovskoye a Moscow.

Har zuwa yau, mashawarcin fim na Soviet shi ne mai mallakar lambar yabo ta duniya - 101! Kuma duk da cewa gaskiyar cewa Grigory Chukhrai ne kawai ya harbe fina-finan 8 kawai. Kowannensu ya harbe shi cikin rubutun kansa, ba tunanin yadda zaka iya aiki tare da sauran kayan mutane ba. Shekaru bayan mutuwar darektan, fina-finai har yanzu suna shiga cikin bukukuwa na fim, suna samun kyaututtuka.