Halittu da kuma na shekara-shekara da shekaru - da shekaru bambancin ... yana da shekara-shekara da shekaru daga m

Bari mu yi kokarin gane abin da ya ƙunshi wani nazarin halittu da kuma na shekara-shekara da shekaru. Wani daga cikin wadannan matsalolin a kan aiwatar da sanin da m samuwar, balaga da kuma tsufa. The sabon abu na m shekaru da alaka da canje-canje bayyana bambanci tsakanin na shekara-shekara da shekaru na m shekaru.

A ra'ayi na nazarin halittu shekaru

Age - a tsawon lokaci na mutum haihuwa zuwa wani lokaci. Domin kowane mutum yana da kudi ya dogara a kan wani iri-iri na zaman jama'a da kuma m dalilai. Ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological shekaru yana dauke, wanda aka ƙaddara da adadin tsarin, na rayuwa, kullum, physiological tafiyar matakai. Yana iya bambanta daga kalandar rayuwa.

mutum individuality

Na shekara-shekara da shekaru - a lokacin da zamani daga bayyanar da wani mutum da aka haifa a wani kirga lokaci.

Halittu da kuma na shekara-shekara da shekaru sau da yawa ba daidaita, tun kowane mutum yana da wasu mutum halaye, daban-daban kudi na tsufa na physiological tsarin, da gudun tsufa.

Na shekara-shekara da shekaru - wannan ba wani rarrabẽwa ga cikakken tawaya bincike da kuma kiwon lafiya na tsufa mutum. Shi ne matakin samuwar morphological Tsarin wanda ware mutum cimma.

Halittu shekaru characterizes matakin na ci gaba. Mutane daya-daya da bambance-bambance a cikin matakai na ci gaba da raya iya samun wani gagarumin kewayo. Don matsakaicin har na shekara-shekara tsarin m shekaru a lokacin balaga. A wannan lokaci lokaci akwai wani tsanani physiological da morphological rearrangement na jikin mutum.

Ana zargin ajalin

Mafi yawa daga cikin yara na shekara-shekara da shekaru da hankulansu shekaru ne guda, amma shi ba ya ko da yaushe faru. Akwai wadanda matasa wanda aka tsanani inganta shekara-shekara da shekaru rabe-raben. Wannan kalma ta samo asali a nuna na 30-40 shekaru na karshe karni. Daga Rasha masana kimiyya suka yi, an karatu da wannan matsala shi ne PN Sokolov.

Ya ya iya ba maanar na shekara-shekara da shekaru, kazalika da ci gaba na musamman tebur na shekaru halaye na m ãyõyi tsanani. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, shi aka buga wata kasida alaka nazarin halittu shekaru. Wannan matsala ne key don nazarin sakamakon lokaci a kan canje-canje na jikin mutum a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, da ha yanayin halitta na juya.

Halaye na ci gaban tsarin

A lokacin allometric tsari ne da ci gaban gabobin da kuma sassan jiki disproportionate da juna. Saboda da daban-daban rates na ci akwai wani canji a jikin shi ƙaddarãwa. Akwai na kowa siffofin daga cikin halaye na ontogenetic ci gaban mutum:

• a ci gaba.
• irreversibility.
• cyclicality.
• jima'i dimorphism.

Don bayyana inganta shekara-shekara da shekaru m shekaru, la'akari da wadannan sharuddan daki-daki.

Ci ne ci gaban da daban-daban da kuma tsarin gabobin jikin mutum a wani lokaci tazara, shi ne da za'ayi a wata iyaka form. Da kwayoyin sigar bude nazarin halittu tsarin, tasowa cikin ransa.

Irreversibility da kuma sauka a hankali girma yakan haifar da rarraba a aiwatar da matakai ko lokaci. Idan daya daga cikinsu aka rasa, koma da shi ba zai yiwu.

Cyclicity ake dangantawa da yanayi na shekara, kullum canje-canje a cikin jiki yanayin. Ƙima zuwa exogenous da kuma na ciki dalilai shafi kunnawa da takurawa ko girma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wata babbar kewayon waje muhalli dalilai.

Jima'i dimorphism ne da haske alama na mutum samuwar. Wannan tsari ne bayyanannu a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri a duk matakai na yanayin halitta na juya. "Sex factor" yana da muhimmanci, masu bincike kullum kwatanta maza da mata, ta hanyar bincika cikin ra'ayi na na shekara-shekara da shekaru.

Daga cikin manyan halaye, wanda suna dauke da masana kimiyya amfani individuality yanayin halitta na juya yayyo. A muhimmancin ci gaban dukan mutane ne daban-daban, don haka ba za mu iya magana kawai game da kamance, kamar yadda ba duk an inganta shekara-shekara da shekaru m shekaru a balaga.

Sharudda ga ganewa na nazarin halittu shekaru

Idan na shekara-shekara da shekaru aka ƙaddara da fasfo bayanai, sa'an nan ta amfani da nau'in iya tantance mutum shekaru matsayi. The kima da aka yi bisa ga sharudda:

• balaga, kimanta a kan tushen samuwar sakandare jima'i halaye.
• kwarangwal balaga alaka da mataki na ossification na kwarangwal.
• hakori balaga, bincikar kan lalacewa da hakora, da yawan m da deciduous hakora.

Morphological balaga da aka gano a kan tushen samuwar jimiri, musculoskeletal tsarin, da daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi. Ta kima na masana ba a kan tushen da canje-canje a cikin jiki rabbai cewa faruwa a lokacin jinkirin girma wuyansa, kuma kai a kara samuwar wata gabar jiki.

kimantawa Features

Alamun cewa ana amfani da su kimanta da nazarin halittu shekaru na mutum dole ne bi da wani takamaiman jerin bukatun. A farko wuri, dole ne su nuna wani musamman shekaru da alaka da canje-canje, da ma'auni ko dai da cikakken bayanin. Watsin ma'aunai ya kamata ba adversely shafi kiwon lafiya da batun, to sa ya korau da azãba mai ji.

Option kima na nazarin halittu shekaru dole ne dace da nazarin matsakaicin yawan mutane.

Ƙayyadaddu na kimantawa

A auxology amfani da daban-daban tsarin na nazarin halittu shekaru, wanda cikakken gamsar dukan bukatun. Bugu da kari ya hakori, kashi shekaru kiyasta jima'i ci gaba, physiological da morphological balaga, shafi tunanin mutum da kuma m Manuniya.

Mafarki ba ne bincikar kan matakin ci gaba da jima'i halaye: da maye gurbi na murya, da farko na hailar sake zagayowar, da ci gaba da mammary gland, bayyanar gashi a armpits.

A lokacin da nazarin da nazarin halittu shekaru na balaga Manuniya amfani ne na hali na wani takamaiman physiological tsarin na jiki.

Akwai sun kasance yunkurin gudanar da wani kima a kan tushen da shekaru da alaka da canje-canje na microstructures na mutum gabobin, amma ba su ba da wani sakamakon tabbatacce.

Na shekara-shekara da shekaru a mutum ba ko da yaushe ne yayi daidai da ta nazarin halittu halaye. Don kimanta da nazarin halittu shekaru a kwatanta wasu Manuniya na karatu mutane da kullum yarda da matsayin gano for kabila, jinsi, shekaru tara.

Features na zamani bincike

Don bincika sakamakon sun cikakken kuma m, da masu bincike daban-daban amfani da Manuniya. Idan na shekara-shekara da shekaru - shi ke nan "fasfo" nuna alama, da nazarin halittu halaye ne sau da yawa da aka bayyana a matsayin shekaru na ci gaba. Yana da wani tunani na taki na sirri ci gaba, girma, samuwar, tsufa da wani mutum kwayoyin.

Mutane daban-daban darajar domin ci gaba da kuma ci gaban rates a matakai daban-daban na yanayin halitta na juya na iya bambanta materially. Saboda haka idan mai kungiyar na shekara-shekara da shekaru 'yan mata - shi ne shekaru goma, sa'an nan a cikin nazarin halittu samuwar kamar rabin na mambobin da manyan sabawa (m) gefe.

A cewar hilafa tsakanin nazarin halittu da kuma na shekara-shekara da shekaru, za mu iya tantance tsanani na tsufa, aikin halaye na mutum. Alal misali, matsakaicin kudi na shekaru-canjawa da aka samu a centenarians.

Bugu da kari ya gadar hali, nazarin halittu shekaru dogara a kan salon, muhalli da yanayi, wanda aka kafa da kuma tasowa mutane. Ya daukan la'akari da waje pathological canje-canje da zai shafi jiki.

Mutane da suke guda na shekara-shekara da shekaru a cikin na biyu rabin ransa bambanta muhimmanci a morphological da aikin status. Waɗanda ke da wata tabbatacce iyali tarihi ne a hade tare da m salon, duba yawa matasa, fiye da fasfo bayanai.

Daga cikin babban manifestations na tsufa da nazarin halittu shekaru ware take hakki na muhimmanci da harshen damo, kazalika da takaita da karbuwa range, bayyanar cuta, ƙãra hadarin mutuwa, rage tsawon lokaci da sauran rayuwa.

Hanyoyin da kima da nazarin halittu shekaru

Wannan lokaci da aka saboda gaskiyar cewa na shekara-shekara da shekaru ba a dauke a cika mũdu tawaya da kuma kiwon lafiya da matsayi na wani tsufa yawan jama'a. Ko a cikin takwarorina samu m bambance-bambance a cikin kudi na shekaru da alaka da canje-canje. Halittu shekaru iya usefully a auna a mutanen da suke da a kan talatin da shekaru. The kima na wannan nuna alama ne da muhimmanci ga zamantakewa ma'aikata, likitoci, damar gane asali cututtuka daban-daban, za su gudanar da zamantakewa da hygienic matakan, neman hanyoyin da za a tsawanta aiki tsufa.

Idan nazarin halittu shekaru a baya da shekara-shekara index, za ka iya ƙidaya a kan wani cikakken rai, amma a bai kai ba tsufa, da rashin alheri, mutane da yawa a baya bukatar ƙarin kula.

Alal misali, a cikin hali na gagarumin bambanci tsakanin nazarin halittu Agogon da kalanda sa bai kai ba fata tsufa, bayyana launin toka, da yawa wrinkles suna kafa. Ko da tare da barga aiki na kwakwalwa da zuciya tsoka mutum ta bayyanar ba ya yanayin.

Don kimanta da nazarin halittu shekaru na gudanar da wata sosai, kuma m likita da anthropological jarrabawa na haƙuri.

Modern bincike da kuma dabarun

Gwaje-gwaje tsara don outpatient nazarin hada wani kimantawa na girma, kirji karkara, nauyi, kafada diamita skinfold kauri.

Bugu da kari, irin wannan nazarin aikin sigogi na tsarin da kuma gabobin kamar numfashi kudi, jijiya matsa lamba, murdede ƙarfi goge, na gani acuity, ECG, vibration ji na ƙwarai, halin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, psychomotor.

Daga dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu domin sanin da nazarin halittu shekaru na wani mutum, zaɓi jini sunadarai, da kuma urinalysis.

A wannan lokaci lokaci akwai wani isasshen yawan irin gwaje-gwaje, wanda kowannensu yana da takamaiman a raga, kuma manufofin.

Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa saboda gwaje-gwajen da ya kamata mayar da hankali a kan morphological sharudda, ba tare da shan la'akari da m Manuniya alaka aiki yi, kiwon lafiya, zamantakewa da karbuwa. Wannan matsayi ne ba haƙiƙa, tun da shi ne alaka ne kawai zuwa shekaru da suke da alaka canje-canje da cewa faruwa a matakin kwayoyin.

Amfani da dabaru don rage likitoci gudanar tabbatar da dalilin da nazarin halittu shekaru a manya. Don bincika jihar na cardiopulmonary tsarin, psyche, ma'ana gabobin, musculoskeletal tsarin, sun} iyasta yawan lafiya hakora.

ƙarshe

A bita da fasfo da kuma nazarin halittu shekaru da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da mutum halaye, jinsi, kabila, rinjayar zamantakewa dalilai. Psychophysiological balaga ƙaddara da gwajin-Kern Jirásek. Suna dogara ne a kan canje-canje a cikin jiki rabbai, wuyansa inda hakan ya girma, accelerating da ci gaban da wata gabar jiki.

Kwarangwal balaga ne dauke da wani m nuna alama na nazarin halittu shekaru domin duk matakai na yanayin halitta na juya. Kamar yadda ci gaban kashi sha halayyar canje-canje, wanda zai iya kama da X-ray.

Hankula Manuniya na shekaru da alaka da canje-canje ne bayyanar da nuclei na ossification da kuma samuwar stenoses. Shi ne na wadannan Manuniya an yi hukunci a kan jihar na jikin mutum.

Wannan kwarangwal tsarin da ake amfani da su gano da nazarin halittu shekaru na mutum a lokacin da postnatal yanayin halitta na juya. Tare da tsufa zo osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, mahara hadin gwiwa musakai. A matsayin al'ada Hanyar ganewa na nazarin halittu shekaru da hakori amfani balaga. Idan mun gwada ta da bayanai game da wani takamaiman mutumin, tare da matsayin kõma sama a gaba, samun wasu sakamako. Hakika, akwai tsanani discrepancies tsakanin fasfo da kuma nazarin halittu shekaru, misali, mutane na m fasahohin: artists, malamai, da kuma artists. Wadannan mutane zauna aiki sosai fiye da financiers da kuma bincike.