Dabbobi masu shayarwa monotremes: general halaye, fasali da kuma asalin

Amazing kwayoyin cewa sa su qwai da kuma ciyar da su matasa madara - dabbobi masu shayarwa monotremes. A wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da systematics da peculiarities na rayuwa na wannan aji na dabbobi.

Janar Halaye na Dabbobi masu shayarwa aji

Don da aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa, ko namomin jeji, ne mafi sosai shirya wakilan da irin Chordates. Su halayyar alama ne gaban mammary gland a mace, na asirin da suka shãyar da matasa. A waje fasali na tsarin ne da wuri daga cikin wata gabar jiki a karkashin jiki, gaban gashi kuma daban-daban Kalam na fata: kusoshi, fika, da ƙaho, hooves.

Domin mafi dabbobi masu shayarwa, an kuma halin da wurin bakwai mahaifa vertebrae, diaphragm, musamman yanayi numfashi, hudu-gidajen zuciya, da gaban da bawo a cikin kwakwalwa.

Monotremes, marsupials, insectivores: Origin of Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Dabbobi masu shayarwa ya bambanta muhimmanci jinsunan bambancin. Platypus, dabbar kangaroo, mole, Jemage, da dabbar dolfin, kifi Whale, biri, mutum - duk wakilan wannan aji. Dukan su suna sauka daga zamanin d dabbobi masu rarrafe. Tabbatar wannan gaskiya ne kama daga su da amfrayo ci gaban, gaban wasu mambobi na cloaca da hankaka kasũsuwa, ashe, kwai kwanciya.

A sakamakon juyin matakai da wani kara bambanta rarrabuwar na dabbobi masu shayarwa: monotremes, marsupials, insectivores. Asalin Dabbobi masu shayarwa, kazalika da m ci gaba ya kai ga abin da yake a yanzu da aji ne a wani rinjaye matsayi a cikin dabba duniya tsarin. Its wakilan sun ƙware duka biyu kasa-iska da kuma na cikin ruwa habitats.

subclass yinotheria

Wannan subclass na dabbobi masu shayarwa hada kawai kungiyar, da ake kira monotremes. Wannan sunan da suka samu godiya ga cloaca. Wannan shi ne daya rami a cikin abin da ducts bude jima'i, narkewa kamar, kuma urinary tsarin. Duk wadannan dabbobi haifa ta hanyar kwanciya qwai.

Animals da irin wannan fasali na iya zama wakilan da aji na Dabbobi masu shayarwa? Amsar mai sauki. Suna da mammary gland cewa bude kai tsaye uwa na jiki surface, kamar yadda monotremes ba su da nonna. Yanã yanyanka lasa shi kai tsaye daga fata.

M siffofin tsarin gada daga dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ba bawo da gyrus a cikin kwakwalwa, kazalika da hakora da yin aikin Kakakin farantin. Bugu da ƙari, da yanayin jikinsu fluctuates cikin wani zangon dangane da muhalli canje-canje daga +25 zuwa +36 digiri. Wannan dumi-bloodedness za a iya daukan dangi.

Kwai-kwanciya monotremes ba za a iya kira real. shi ne sau da yawa kira bai cika haihuwar. Gaskiyar cewa qwai ba nan da nan, ka fita daga jima'i da dabba ducts, da kuma tsaya a can don wani lokaci. A wannan lokacin, amfrayo tasowa riga a rabin. Bayan exiting da cloaca monotremes Hatching qwai ƙyanƙyashe ko leathery su a cikin na musamman jakar.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa monotremes: burbushin

Akan burbushin halitta monotremes quite yawa. Sun kasance a cikin zamanin da Miocene, da na sama da kuma tsakiyar Pleistocene. A mafi tsufa burbushin wadannan dabbobi yana da wani shekaru 123 da miliyan shekaru. Masu bincike ƙarasa da cewa burbushin ba su bambanta ba daga zamani siffofin. Monotremes dabbobi masu shayarwa, wakilan da suke fama da, samuwa ne kawai a Australia da kuma m tsibiran: New Zealand, Guinea, Tasmania.

echidna

Yinotheria - wani rukuni na dabbobi, wanda aka wakilta kawai 'yan jinsin. Ga guda-izinin dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da wani viper. Saboda gaskiya cewa ta jiki da aka rufe da dogon m needles, sama-sama ne yayi kama da bushiya ne wani dabba. A hali na hatsari viper birgima a cikin wani ball, haka kuma kare kaina daga makiya. dabba jiki yana da tsawon game da 80 cm, ta ƙarshen gaban ne elongated kuma Forms kananan proboscis. Macizai - nocturnal da yara. A lokacin da rana su huta, kuma a yamma fita a kan farauta. Saboda haka, abin da ya gani suna da rauni ne, wanda aka cika ta da wani kyakkyawan nufi da wari. Macizai ne kamar bĩga wata gabar jiki. suka samu a cikin ƙasa kwaro Tare da su kuma m harshe. Mãtan yawanci sa daya kwai, wanda hatched a cikin fata folds.

irin spiny anteaters

Yana kuma wakilan da aji dabbobi masu shayarwa, monotremes tawagar. Daga ta kusa dangi ne echidnas ne mafi elongated proboscis, kazalika gaban uku yatsunsu maimakon biyar. Su needles ne guntu, mafi yawansu suna boye a cikin gashi. Amma da wata gabar jiki, da bambanci, shi ne ya fi tsayi. Iri na spiny anteaters ne endemic zuwa tsibirin New guineas.

Dalili na rage cin abinci na monotremes up earthworm kuma beetles. Kamar catty, suka kama su tacky dogon harshe, a kan abin da akwai da yawa kananan hooks.

platypus

Wannan dabba da aka kama aro jikinsa sassa a cikin sauran wakilan wannan mulkin. A platypus aka saba da Semi-na cikin ruwa hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Jikinsa yana rufe da wani m lokacin farin ciki gashi. Yana da matukar wuya, kuma kusan shi ne mai hana ruwa. Wannan dabba yana da baki daga wani duck kuma wani dabbar beaver wutsiya. A yatsunsu shirya iyo membrane da kuma kaifi fika. Maza a kan Hind kafafu ci gaba jaraba hari, a cikin abin da bude tashoshin na dafin gland. Ga wani mutum na asiri ne ba m, amma zai iya sa mai tsanani busa farko takamaiman wuri, sa'an nan dukan reshe.

Ba abin mamaki da platypus wani lokacin ake kira "mai wargi da Allah." A cewar labari, a karshen duniya, a cikin halittar Mahaliccin zauna sauran sassa daban-daban daga dabbobi. Daga cikin wadannan, ya halicci platypus. Ya ba kawai wani Australian endemic. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin alamu na nahiyar, wanda image aka samu ko da a kan tsabar kudi na cewa State.

Wannan dabba bace ke farauta ita da kyau a ruwa. Amma sheƙarsu da burrows shi ya gina na musamman kan ƙasar. Wannan cute dabba bai gaya ta'allaka m. Ya iyon a wani gagarumin kudi, da kuma isasshen ganima kusan walƙiya gudun - a cikin dakika 30. Saboda haka na cikin ruwa dabbobi sosai kadan dama tserewa daga wani predator. Godiya ga m Jawo platypus yawan ya rage muhimmanci. A lokacin, farauta su da aka haramta.

Wadannan dabbobi Subclass

Dabbobi masu shayarwa monotremes farko halin da ciwon cloaca. Wadannan dabbobi da raba takware ga narkewa kamar, haihuwa da kuma urinary tsarin. A wannan subclass ware marsupials da placental dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Marsupial tawagar

Wakilai daga wannan din raka'a da fata jakar a masa a ciki. Wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa suna monotremes kuma suna da tsarin da line. Amma marsupials shi bude ducts na mammary gland. Mafi yawan waɗannan dabbobi zaune a Australia, amma opossum samu ma a Arewacin Amirka.

Mafi shahara memba na domin marsupial ne dabbar kangaroo. Wannan shi ne babban dabba bace cewa motsa tsalle. Su tsawon iya isa zuwa mita 1.5. Godiya ga da kyau-ɓullo da Hind wata gabar jiki da kuma wutsiya suka matsawa sosai da sauri. Kangaroo iya isa gudun 50 km / h. Wadannan herbivores sukan kai hari da daban-daban da yara. Suna kare da Hind wata gabar jiki, da dogaro a kan wutsiya.

Kudu Australia koala kawaici, wanda kuma ake kira koala. Wannan cute dabba da dukan yini zaune m a kan itatuwa. Kuma da dare ta ke zuwa da wani aiki salon. A rage cin abinci kunshi koalas ganye da matasa harbe na eucalyptus. Wadannan dabbobi ne quite voracious. A ranar ba za su iya ci har zuwa wani kilogram na abinci. Koalas nama inedible, amma Jawo ne na girma darajar da mutane. Saboda wannan dalili, wannan irin kusan ya kan gab da nau'i nau'i. A wannan lokacin, dabba da aka shiga a cikin kasa da kasa Red Littãfi.

Marsupials ƙware da dama wuraren. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance ƙasar dabbobi. Wasu rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi. Wannan koala da petauridae. Wasu jinsunan rayuwa karkashin kasa. Wadannan sun hada da marsupial mole da opossum.

placental Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Dabbobi masu shayarwa, marsupials da monotremes ne iri guda ba dabbobi da ciki hadi. A mafi m tsarin fasali da placental membobin wannan aji. Su ne mafi yadu a cikin yanayi. A lokacin da amfrayo ci gaba sun kafa afterbirth ko mahaifa. Wannan shi ne jikin wanda ya ba da dangantaka da tayi tare da mahaifiyarsa. A lokacin daukar ciki mahaifa ne 11 days a hakori har zuwa 24 watanni.

Wannan kungiyar da aka wakilta wani babban yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa raka'a. Saboda haka, wakilan Insectivorous ne hedgehogs, moles, muskrats, shrews, fari-toothed shrew. Su kowa alama ne ba kawai da yanayin da abinci, amma kuma bayyanar. Front shugaban carnivorous rabu da elongated proboscis Forms takaice, wanda masu kula dankon.

Placental ƙware duk wuraren fãce organismic. Bats ne iya tashi saboda gaban da fata folds tsakanin da yatsun kafa, abin da hidima su reshe. Pinnipeds ciyar mafi yawan lokutansa a ruwa, da kuma Cetaceans zauna a can har abada. A nazarin sasannin placental hada da hakori, Lagomorphs, mutane - da dawakai, ganima da mannyan birai. Man shi ne na karshe tawagar.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa - da monotremes, marsupials da placental ciyar da matasa tare da madara. Kowace daga cikin superclass yana da halaye. A monotremes ajiye cloaca, marsupials fata Musulunci aka kafa, a cikin abin da wani lokaci na bunkasa jariri. Dukan su ne wadan zuwa Australia. Marsupials da monotremes placental dabbobi masu shayarwa da su ba. Saboda da Gabar da ta haɗu da uwa tasa, da yaro a utero, da haske ya bayyana quite mai yiwuwa samfurori. Saboda haka placental ne mafi sosai wakilan da aji.