Gunboats "Korean", "Sivush", "dabbar beaver", "Gilyak", "Hivinets", "m", "Usyskin" su zane da kuma model

Gunboat (gunboats gunboat) ne maneuverable jirgin, wanda siffofi da iko makamai. Ana nufi da su gudanar fama ayyukan a ga ~ ar teku, tabkuna da koguna. Mafi sau da yawa amfani da su kare harbors.

Bayyanar da gunboats

A Rasha, da yawa tabkuna, da waɗansu kõguna da dogon iyakar da m ~ ar ruwan. Saboda haka, da gina gunboats za a iya daukan gargajiya, saboda wasu warships sami ikon gudanar da ayyukan a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Duk da haka, kafin yakin duniya na farko da aka ba su shirya ƙari. A 1917 gunboats ne kawai 11, wasu daga wanda aka kaddamar a cikin marigayi 19th karni.

Domin mafi yawan wadannan gunboats yakin basasa shi ne na karshe. Yana tsira kawai 2 gunboats - "Brave" da "Hivinets". Saboda haka, designers riƙe su a matsayin dalilin da samar da karin ci-gaba manyan bindigogi jiragen ruwa.

"Marasa Tsoro" - mafi tsufa jirgin ruwan, wanda wani bangare ne na sarki al'adunmu. A cikin Baltic, ta yi aiki domin shekaru 63. Da farko, amfani sanye take da uku bindigogi (biyu 203 mm da daya - 152 mm). Duk da haka, a 1916 shi kyautata. Yanzu akwai biyar bindigogi.

"Hivinets" an halitta a matsayin wani asibiti a yankin Gulf, don haka shi firepower dangane kawai biyu bindigogi 120 mm. Amma a kan wannan jirgin ruwan kasance mafi dadi mai rai yanayi.

Bayan 1917, duka biyu jiragen an daina dauke a samar da sabon sabõda daraja shekaru.

model

Lokacin da rundunar jiragen ji da ikon da kuma jimiri na gunboats, an yanke shawarar gina su "da bukatun Far East." Kuma duk da cewa sabon lokutta ana ba da umarnin kafin yaki. A farko prototypes kasance "m" da kuma "Hivinets".

Bayan zamani da aka fara zane na jirgin ruwan type "Gilyak". Duk da haka, sun kasance yawa weaker, da zanen kaya sun yi kokarin karfafa sigogi kamar cruising kewayo. Amma shi ya gaza yin haka. Tun da akwai wani high quality-makamai, gunboat bai ci gaba da gina, kazalika da yin amfani.

Sa'an nan kuma akwai "Ardahan" da "Kara". Rarrabe fasali na wadannan kanlodok ƙarya a cikin yin amfani da dizal ikon shuke-shuke. Petroleum kayayyakin a lokacin sun fi samuwa man fetur iri, don haka "Ardahan" da "Cara" sun kudin-tasiri.

An fara daga 1910, Marine Sashen yanke shawarar a kan manyan sikelin-zamani. Kuma wannan shi ne lokacin da mafiya yawa daga cikin gunboats riga tattalin jefa, gudanar fama ayyukan. A yanke shawara aka sanya don ƙarfafa kariya da kuma manyan bindigogi. Duk wannan yana rinjayar da daftarin. Saboda haka, fiye da rabin kanlodok tafi ga maimaitawa. Wannan irin aka kira "Buryat".

Saboda haka, model na gunboats kullum canza, suna goyon bayan da zamani irin na makamai da kuma kufaifan. Akwai ba wani jirgin, wanda zai dokoki su da samfur na Rasha Empire, kuma zuwa yanzu.

Almara "Korean"

Gunboat "Korean" amfani da Far East ga danniya na "Boxer tayarwa". Yana shi ne wani ɓangare na kasa da kasa jiragen ruwa. A lokacin fadace-fadace gunboat samu dama tsanani raunuka, aka jikkata da kuma kashe.

Kafin Rasha-Japanese War gunboat "Korean" an fassara zuwa cikin Korean tashar jiragen ruwa Chemulpo. Tare da shi ya tafi da farko rank jirgin ruwa na soja "Varyag". Fabrairu 8 jirgin ruwan ƙungiya aka umurce ka je Port Arthur da diplomasiyya ta tura. Duk da haka, da tashar jiragen ruwa da aka katange, sakamakon a cikin hanyar "Korean" da aka rufe. A kyaftin yanke shawarar jũya, bayan da makiya hallaka farmaki tare da torpedoes. Ko da yake yanzu muna dauke da yiwuwar cewa Japan jiragen ruwa ne kawai abunda aka kwaikwaya.

Saboda torpedo hari "Korean" samar biyu Shots. Su ne na farko a Rasha-Japanese yaki.

Bisa ga aikin "Korean" da yawa gunboats aka gina, wanda ake amfani da su a wannan zamanin.

"Varyag" da "Korean": yaƙi your hanya

A shekara ta 1904, da tsakar rana, kare Cruisers "Varyag" da kuma gunboat "Korean" shiga yaƙi da Japan rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda dade game da sa'a. Da biyu warships amsa dukan Japan jiragen ruwa. Gunboat dauki bangare a mataki na karshe na yakin, nuna da torpedo hari. An hour bayan da farkon yakin jirgin ruwa na soja ya fara ja da baya, da kuma gunboat "Korean" rufe ya tashi.

A lokacin yaƙi da abokan gaba 52 bawo da aka kora. Amma wannan ba ya lura babu albarkacin lalacewa ko asarar daga gunboat. Kamar yadda "Korean" wani warship da iko manyan bindigogi da makamai, ya kama ya yiwuwa don kauce wa. Saboda haka Chemulpo hari da aka yanke shawarar zuwa busa shi. Jirgin ruwan ƙungiya koma a kan Faransa jirgin ruwa na soja "Pascal". Ya jimawa ba ya kawo cikin jirgin a Rasha.

Crews, wanda ya jagoranci yakin, aka bayar da lambar yabo da kuma alamomi na fifiko. Har ila yau, musamman lambar da aka kafa a cikin girmamawa su. Saboda haka da jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma gunboat sanya tarihi.

Sun gunboat "Hivinets"

Gunboat "Hivinets" shi ne auta wakilin manyan bindigogi jiragen ruwa a tsarist sau. Yana da aka tsara don shigarwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa. Jirgin ruwan ne seaworthy, amma ta amfani da kogin yanayi. Kuma ta soke msa da gwajin na m yanayi.

Gunboat "Hivinets" An umurce a 1904-1914 shekaru, lokacin da ya fara da tabbatarwa daga cikin Rasha jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, da sosai model kanta da aka mayar da hankali a kan shekara 1898. Abin baƙin ciki, bayan da a saki na model ne ba na zamani ba abin da ya sa kunkuntar aikin.

Ya kamata a lura halin iya jurewa da kuma jimiri gunboats. Da cewa shi zai gagara irin fadace-fadace, inda ya rasu da wasu, wani matashi manyan bindigogi warships. Zai yiwu shi ya sa shi ya dade da aka yi amfani a matsayin samfur a gina jiragen ruwa.

Jaruntakar "Sivush"

A Gulf of Riga, da gunboat "Sivush" rasu heroically a yaƙi da Jamusanci battleships. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a kowace shekara a kan Satumba 9, tãguwar ruwa dauki wani launuka iri-iri da kuma wreaths daga Riga da kuma Russia.

Agusta 19, 1915 mallaka Navy tsunduma Jamus battleships. Har zuwa karshen shi ba a san hakikanin abin da ya faru a cikin kwanakin nan, da kuma dogon ga ma'aikatan jirgin. Amma yaƙi a kusa da tsibirin Kihnu sanya rundujar soja masu dawaki Jamus hanu daga m hare-hare a yankin Gulf of Riga, kazalika da saka bom, da bakin teku kufaifan. Wannan shi ne babban manufar wannan samame na Jamus jiragen ruwa.

Gunboat "Sivush" sa'an nan ajiye Riga daga mutuwa da halaka. Farashin irin wannan a feat ya halakar da jirgin, kazalika da daukacin ma'aikatan. Duk da yake gunboat ma da ake kira Baltic "Varyag" ya haka high heroism na matuƙan.

A Sand Pebbles "dabbar beaver"

Gunboat "dabbar beaver" yana nufin Gilyaki irin. Irin wannan motocin da aka tsara don kare Amur River har zuwa Khabarovsk. A ta ƙananan ya kai suka karamin yawan ƙungiyoyin sojoji, da kuma ya kamata su manyan bindigogi goyon bayan da aka bayar. Saboda akwai kananan yawan abubuwa, jirgin zane da aka yi dangane da wani babban cruising iyaka da kuma cin gashin. Duk da haka seaworthiness a yi tabbatar da zama musamman low.

Darajar gunboats na irin wannan ya kasance kadan tun da tara makamai ba biya yawa da hankali a lokacin da zayyana. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko da suka kasance sunã yi amfani da matsayin iyo sansanonin. Kayayyaki da kuma prototypes, ba shakka, sun yi ba. Future jiragen ruwa soma da wadannan jirage kawai fama manufa.

"Dabbar beaver" da aka kafa a shekarar 1906, a shekara daga baya da shi da aka saukar a cikin ruwa. A 1908, da gunboat shiga Rasha jiragen ruwa. Fiye da tarihi shi ya ziyarci da kuma Jamus. Yana kama a 1918 da kuma tuba zuwa wani iyo bitar. A wannan shekarar, jirgin ruwan da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Estonia. Ko da yake shi daga whack, amma da dama daga cikin rundujar soja masu dawaki a cikin wannan kasar.

Gunboat bauta ga shekaru 21, a shekara ta 1927 ta aika zuwa a tarwatsa.

River (lake) da kuma marine gunboats

Duk da babban aiki, kusan duk na gunboats aka yi amfani da su buge a onshore wurare. Manufar wannan harin zama danniya na maƙiyi wuta ikon, kazalika da rage manpower. Idan jirgi ya zauna a cikin nan da nan kusanci na ta Coast, yayin da da manufa shi ne don kare jihar bakin teku wurare, kariya daga makiya warships.

Akwai teku, da kuma kogin gunboats. Su Babban bambancin shi ne nauyin. A farko isa ga talakawa a 3000 ton, na biyu - a 1500. Hakika, bisa ga sunan, shi ne ma'ana ya ɗauka, a cikin abin da wuraren za a yi amfani da gunboats.

Ayyuka da kuma yin amfani da gunboats

Gunboats ne mafi aikin bambance-bambancen manyan bindigogi da motocin. A zane damar su yi amfani da a ayyukan soji a cikin jihar bakin teku sashi, da kõguna da kusa da tarin tsiburai da kananan m tsibirin.

Gunboats iya yi da wadannan ayyuka:

1. Tsaro rairayin bakin teku, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, estuaries
2. saukowa
3. Support sojojin a kan bankunan
4. A saukowa da yaki da abokan gaba da saukowa
5. Housekeeping ayyuka, kamar bayarwa na dukiya

Ya danganta da inda za a yi amfani da gunship, ta zane a iya bambanta, musamman gine-gine da aka gina. Akwai unarmored, bronepalubnye da sulke jiragen. Mafi sau da yawa sun yi amfani da zabi na biyu domin yayi wani gwada da kyau kariya, amma yana da low nauyi, wanda yana da kyau sakamako a kan kalmomin sirri.

Babban halaye na gunboats

Bisa ga halaye, m inda gunboat a yi amfani. Akwai uku main sigogi:

1. Hijira. Jirãge iya gangarawa zuwa cikin ruwa domin kariya da kuma hali na soja a tekuna ko a cikin koguna da tabkuna.
2. Speed. Shi ne 3-15 knots. The gudun dogara a kan abin da irin zane ne ƙarfin niyya gunboat. Yana iya zama skinned, gashi kawai a m yankunan, kazalika gaba daya. Hakika, yana qara da nauyi, wanda barnatar da rinjayar da gudun kewayawa.
3. Makamai.

Tun da gunboats sun warships, bindigogi sun samu babba da hankali. Su za a iya jarin da 1-4 lokutta na bindigogi na babban zamo (203-356 mm). Wannan tsarin kula da zane da aka mayar da hankali a kan marine gunboats. River jiragen sau da yawa da aka sanye take da matsakaici-zamo kamar bindigogi (76-170).

Har ila yau, dangane da aikace-aikace a kan bene za a iya shigar atomatik gun "Zenith" da kuma inji bindigogi. A karshe an gina musamman rare saboda su short kewayo.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a sami biyu m gunboats. Kowane misali a kansa, mãsu ƙarfin niyya ta musamman aiki. Tarihi ya nuna cewa da yawa Rasha gunboats iya kadai hamayya da dukan rundujar soja masu dawaki. Wannan nasara ba kawai na kai tsaye soja jirgi da su designers, amma kuma da ƙungiya. Sau da yawa, kawai ya ƙarfin hali ya ki sakamako da yaƙi a cikin ni'ima.