Grounding kuma su lalace - abin da ke bambanci? Banana grounding kuma su lalace

Directional motsi na cajin gaɓũɓuwa, wanda ake kira da wutar lantarki yanzu, tabbatar da dadi zama na zamani mutum. Ba tare da shi, kada aiki da samar da gine-gine capacities, na'urorin kiwon lafiya a asibitoci, akwai ta'aziyya a cikin gida, rago birane da kuma intercity kai. Amma wutar lantarki ne a bawan mutum kawai a yanayin saukan cikakken iko, amma idan cajin electrons za su iya samun wani hanya, sakamakon zai zama dire. Special matakan amfani da su hana m yanayi, da Babban abu - don gane da abin da bambanci ne. Grounding kuma su lalace kare wani mutum daga lantarki tura.

Directional motsi electrons ne da za'ayi tare da hanyar kalla juriya. Don hana nassi na yanzu ta hanyar jikin mutum, shi ne samarwa a daban-daban shugabanci da kalla hasarori, wanda ya samar da da ƙasa, kõ kuwa lalace. Mene ne bambanci tsakanin su, to fahimta.

grounding

Grounding daya shugaba aka hada su ko kungiya, wanda yake a cikin contact da ƙasa. Tare da shi resets shigar da karfe casing na aggregates ƙarfin lantarki sifili juriya hanya, Ina nufin zuwa ga ƙasa.

Irin wannan lantarki grounding da kuma tsaka tsaki grounding na lantarki da kayan aiki a masana'antu da kuma muhimmanci ga kayan da karfe waje sassa. An taba wani mutum zuwa ga jiki na wani firiji ko wani Injin, a kuzari, ba zai haifar da lantarki tura. A saboda wannan dalili, ta amfani musamman soket kantuna.

The aiki manufa na RCD

Domin lafiya aiki na masana'antu da kuma iyali kayan aiki amfani da na'urar (RCD) , ta amfani da na'urorin na atomatik bambanci sauya. Su aiki dogara ne a kan kwatanta da shigowa lokaci madugu na lantarki da kuma kunno kai daga Apartments a cikin sifili shugaba.

Al'ada aiki na lantarki kewaye nuna wannan halin yanzu dabi'u a cikin suna yankunan, gudana an directed a gaban kwatance. Domin cewa sun ci gaba da equilibrated ayyukansu don tabbatar da daidaita aiki na naúra, da raka'a da shigarwa na grounding kuma su lalace.

A hutu a wani rabo daga rufi take kaiwa zuwa yayyo halin yanzu ashin ƙasa ta cikin lalace wuri bypassing aiki tsaka tsaki shugaba. A RCD da aka nuna rashin daidaituwa halin yanzu, na'urar ta atomatik yana kashe da lambobi da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki vuya a fadin dukan aiki makirci.

Ga kowane daban-daban na sarrafawa yanayi da ake bayar domin kafa da RCD tuntube yawanci Range gyara ne daga 10 zuwa 300 milliamps. The na'urar aiki da sauri, tuntube lokaci ne na biyu.

The aiki na grounding na'urar

Don haša grounding naúra zuwa gidaje na cikin gida ko masana'antu kayan aiki amfani PE shugaba wanda shi ne fitarwa daga panel ta hanyar raba line tare da wani musamman fitarwa. The zane na samar da wani dangane da ƙasa ƙasa, da kuma abin da yake da manufar da grounding. Ba kamar ƙasa acewa shi kunshi a gaskiyar cewa a farko lokacin da a haɗa da toshe zuwa soket da wani aiki zamani ne ba sifili a cikin kayan aiki an aike. Hulda vuya a karshe minti, a lokacin da lamba da aka bude. Saboda haka, frame ƙasa yana da wani abin dogara da kuma ci gaba da aiki.

Biyu grounding na'urar hanyar

kariya da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki famfo tsarin ne zuwa kashi:

• wucin gadi:
• halitta.

Artificial ƙasa tsara musamman domin kariya daga kayan aiki da kuma mutane. Domin su na'urorin da ake bukata a kwance, kuma a tsaye karfe da karfe a tsaye abubuwa (akai-akai amfani da bututu da diamita har zuwa 5 cm ko sasanninta № № 40 ko 60 a cikin tsawon daga 2.5 zuwa 5 m). Saboda haka, daban-daban acewa da grounding. Bambanci ne cewa yana daukan wani gwani a yi ingancin lalace.

Halitta duniya wayoyin aka yi amfani a yanayin saukan mafi kusa wuri kusa da abu, ko wani na zama gida. Kamar yadda kariya da ake samu a kasar gona bututu sanya daga karfe. Ba za a iya amfani da m dalilai line tare da flammable gas, taya, da kuma bututun, da m ganuwar suna bi da wani anticorrosive shafi.

Halitta abubuwa ne da ba kawai da kariya na lantarki da kayan aiki, amma kuma su cika babban manufar. A disadvantages irin wannan connection bada damar da conduits isasshe fadi da kewayon mutane da kuma sassan makwabtaka da ayyuka, wanda halitta wani hadarin compromising da mutunci da connection.

lãlãtacciya

Bugu da kari a kasa, a wasu lokuta, amfani da acewa, wajibi ne a rarrabe bambanci. Grounding kuma su lalace ƙarfin lantarki famfo, ka yi kawai a hanyoyi daban-daban. Na biyu Hanyar ne wutar lantarki mahalli, a wani al'ada jihar a karkashin wani irin ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma fitarwa guda-lokaci ikon source tsaka tsaki shugaba gidan wuta ko janareta, a DC tushen a tsakiya batu. Lokacin da acewa ƙarfin lantarki daga gidaje da aka dakatar zuwa ga wani musamman rarraba jirgin ko da wani gidan wuta rumfa.

A acewa ne a yi amfani da lokuta da m surges ko rashin lafiya na rufi jiki ko masana'antu kayan. A takaice kewaye, abu don ƙaho fis din da instantaneous atomatik kashewa, wannan shi ne bambanci tsakanin kasa da kuma karewa.

lãlãtacciya manufa

M-lokaci haihuwarka amfani da sifili shugaba domin dalilai daban-daban. Don tabbatar da wutar lantarki, lafiya da aka samu tare da taimakon da sakamako na gajeren kewaye da irin ƙarfin lantarki tasowa a cikin gidaje tare da wani lokaci m cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Kamar wancan akwai wani halin yanzu ya fi maras muhimmanci kudi na kewaye wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi da kuma lamba ceases.

The na'urar da aka acewa

Mene ne daban-daban daga grounding da acewa, kuma za a iya gani a cikin misalin da connection. The gidaje an haɗa zuwa raba waya tare da sifilin a rarraba jirgin. A saboda wannan dalili, a na uku kanti da alaka da shugaba lantarki USB wanda aka bayar da wannan m a cikin soket. Wannan hanya yana cikin hasara cewa ga atomatik Rufe kashe da ake bukata yanzu size mafi girma daga wani qaddara saitin. Idan a cikin al'ada mode, da disconnecting na'urar sa da na'urar yin aiki tare da wani halin yanzu na 16 amperes, da kananan zuba halin yanzu breakdowns ci gaba ba tare da kashewa.

Bayan haka, ya bayyana abin da yake da bambanci tsakanin kasa da kuma karewa. A jikin mutum a lokacin da hõre a halin yanzu na 50 milliamperes kuma ba zai iya jure wa sakamakon bugun zuciya ya auku. A acewa na wadannan Manuniya na halin yanzu ba zai iya kare, tun bayan da aiki shi ne ya halicci kaya isa ga santsi ya lambobi.

Grounding kuma su lalace, abin da yake da bambanci?

Tsakanin wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu, akwai bambance-bambance:

• ta grounding da suka wuce haddi halin yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki tasowa a kan gidaje da aka sallami tsaye a cikin ƙasa, kuma a acewa sake saita zuwa sifili a panel.
• grounding ne mafi tasiri hanyoyi don kare mutane kome daga lantarki tura.
• lokacin amfani grounding aminci an samu saboda kaifi karu a irin ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma samar da amfani da acewa kashe line rabo, a cikinsa akwai wani rashin lafiya na gidaje.
• a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na lalace domin su yadda ya kamata ayyana sifili nufi da zabi Hanyar kariya bukatar gwani taimako lantarki da grounding ne don tattara kwane-kwane da kuma zurfafa shi a cikin ƙasa na iya zama wani gida master gwani.

Grounding ƙarfin lantarki sallama tsarin is located a cikin ƙasa via da alwatika na karfe profile, welded a gidajen abinci. Yadda ya kamata shirya kewaye samar da kariya, amma dole ne bi da dukan dokokin. Dangane da ake buƙata sakamako ne zaba grounding da kuma tsaka tsaki earthing na lantarki shigarwa. lãlãtacciya bambanci shi ne, duk da abubuwa na na'urar, wanda shi ne kullum ba a karkashin halin yanzu, da alaka da tsaka tsaki shugaba. Random lokaci touch zuwa acewa daki-daki, daga cikin na'ura take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a halin yanzu da kuma a kashe kayan aiki.

Baruwan juriya na sifili waya a wani hali kasa da guda nuna alama kewaye a cikin ƙasa, haka a lokacin da wani gajeren kewaye auku acewa, wanda a ka'ida ba zai yiwu tare da wani maginin alwatika. Bayan kwatanta da tsari biyu shi ne zama bayyana bambanci. Grounding kuma su lalace bambanta a cikin hanyar kariya, kamar yadda chances na kona-kashe tsawon lokaci, da tsaka tsaki waya, ga abin da dole ne a kullum da sanya idanu. A acewa da ake amfani da sau da yawa sosai a Multi-storey gine-gine, domin ba su ko da yaushe suna da damar yin wani abin dogara da kuma cikakken grounding.

Grounding ne mai zaman kanta da lokaci hali na kayan aiki, yayin da wasu yanayi ne dole don a haɗa da na'urar lalace. A mafi yawan lokuta, da farko hanya ne Marinjãyi a tsire-tsire inda aminci bukatun azurta karin lafiya. Amma a gida kwanan nan sau da yawa shirya domin sake kewaye tasowa wuce kima matsa lamba tsaye a cikin ƙasa, shi ne mafi aminci Hanyar.

Kariya ta grounding da dangantaka kai tsaye da lantarki kewaye bayan rufi fashewa saboda kwarara daga wani halin yanzu a cikin ƙasa ƙarfin lantarki da aka rage muhimmanci, amma cibiyar sadarwa ci gaba da aiki. Lokacin da acewa gaba daya katse layin sashe.

Grounding a mafi yawan lokuta suna amfani da layin da makaran tsaka tsaki shirya a IT tsarin da CT a uku-lokaci networks da voltages har zuwa 1 dubu. Karfin wuta ko sama da wannan nuna alama ga tsarin da tsaka tsaki a cikin wani yanayin. Aikace-aikace bada shawarar ga acewa Lines zuwa na rasa tsaka tsaki shugaba mai m TN-CS networks, TN-C, TN-S tare da kasuwanci, akwai N, PE, PEN conductors, shi nuna bambanci. Grounding kuma su lalace, duk da bambance-bambance ne mutum kariya da kuma tsarin na'urorin.

Amfani da lantarki injiniya sharuddan

Don gane wasu daga cikin ka'idodin waɗanda yi wani m duniya da kuma tsaka tsaki, grounding da kuma cire hašin ya zama sane da definition:

Earthed tsaka tsaki wakiltar tsaka tsaki waya daga wani janareta ko gidan wuta kai tsaye haɗa da grounding kewaye.

Yana iya zama fitarwa daga wutar AC guda lokaci ko iyakacin duniya na DC batu a cikin biyu-lokaci mains, kamar yadda talakawan fitarwa na wani DC ƙarfin lantarki uku-lokaci networks.

Ware tsaka tsaki wakiltar tsaka tsaki waya na janareta ko gidan wuta ba a haɗa zuwa grounding kewaye ko lamba tare da su ta hanyar babban filin juriya da sigina na'urorin, kariya da na'urorin, aunawa na'urorin da sauran zango.

A zane-zane da na grounding na'urorin a cibiyar sadarwa

All lantarki shigarwa tare da kasancewar a cikin wadannan duniya conductors da kuma tsaka tsaki waya ne batun m lakabtawa. A zane-zane da aka yi amfani da taya a cikin nau'i na wata wasika nadi PE tare da m alternating mai gangara ko a tsaye tube na wannan kore ko rawaya. Baruwan tsaka tsaki shugaba alama blue harafin N, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar grounding kuma su lalace. Description na m da kuma aiki da ƙasa ne to sa da PEN rubuta da kuma zanen a blue sautin kan dukan tsawon tare da greenish-yellow tips.

harafi Alamun

A farko haruffa a cikin bayani na tsarin nuna zaba hali grounding na'urar:

• T - Hada ikon source kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa.
• I - duk live sassa ware daga duniya.

Na biyu wasika da aka amfani da su bayyana a gwada conductive sassa haɗa ta duniya:

• T ce m grounding dukkan fallasa sassa da kuzari, ko da kuwa da irin dangane da ƙasa;
• N - ya nuna cewa kariya na fallasa sassa kuzari ta hanyar tsaka tsaki ga ƙasa, daga cikin ikon source kai tsaye.

Haruffa a tsaye a kan wata dash N, bayar da rahoton yanayin sadarwar Hanyar kayyade tsari m sifili da kuma aiki conductors:

• S - kariya PE, kuma N-sifili aiki conductors kafa wararriyar wayoyi.
• C - ga m da kuma aiki sifili amfani daya waya.

Iri m tsarin

Nau'in tsarin shi ne babban halayyar wanda aka shirya a m grounding kuma su lalace. Janar fasaha bayani da aka bayyana a cikin uku na Gost R 50571.2-94. A cewar wannan ƙasa da aka yi da makircinsu IT, TN-CS, TN-C, TN-S.

TN-C tsarin da aka ɓullo da a Jamus a farkon karni na 20th. Shi ne in yi shirki daya aiki na USB tsaka tsaki shugaba da kuma PE shugaba. A downside shi ne cewa kona-kashe na sifili ko wasu warwarewarsu ya taso ga ƙarfin lantarki bayyana a kan kayan aiki housings. Duk da wannan tsarin da ake amfani a wasu lantarki shigarwa har zuwa zamaninmu.

TN-CS tsarin TN-S da kuma ci gaba maimakon TN-C grounding kewaye gazawar. A karo na biyu kariya kewaye iri biyu sifili conductors rabu kai tsaye daga garkuwa da kewaye ya hadaddun karfe tsarin. Wannan makirci ne ya jũyar da kyau, a matsayin line ƙarfin lantarki ba ya bayyana a lokacin da disconnecting da tsaka tsaki shugaba a kan casing na shigarwa.

TN-CS tsarin ne halin a cewa rabuwar tsaka tsaki wayoyi ba nan da nan ya yi ta gidan wuta, kuma kamar a tsakiyar line. Ba ta kasance ba mai kyau yanke shawara, domin idan hutu auku a gaban sifili batu na rabuwa, da lantarki a jiki za su kasance rai barazana.

Tuki dangane bisa ga CT tsarin samar da wani kai tsaye dangane sassa karkashin tashin hankali tare da ƙasa, da dukan fallasa sassa da gaban wutar lantarki da dangantaka da ƙasa kewaye via da earthing canza wanda shi ne mai zaman kanta da tsaka tsaki shugaba na janareta ko gidan wuta.

A cewar wani IT tsarin samar da kariya naúrar shirya grounding kuma su lalace. Mene ne bambanci da irin wannan dangane da baya makirci? A wannan yanayin, watsa da} arfin danniya da gidaje sassa da kuma bude ya auku a cikin ƙasa, kuma a tsaka tsaki tushe na kadaici daga ƙasa, an na rasa ta hanyar wani babban juriya na'urorin. Wannan kewaye da aka shirya a wani musamman lantarki da kayan aiki, wanda dole ne a karu aminci da kwanciyar hankali, msl, a asibitoci.

Nau'in acewa tsarin

PNG nulling tsarin ne mai sauki a cikin zane, shi tsaka tsaki da kuma m conductors ake hada tare da dukan tsawon. Yana da ga cikin hada waya amfani da raguwa. A disadvantages sun hada da ƙara bukatar a santsi hulda m da shugaba giciye-sashe. A tsarin da aka samu nasarar amfani ga acewa na da uku-lokaci cibiyar sadarwa na asynchronous inji.

Ba a halatta wa kariya a karkashin makirci a cikin ƙungiyar lokaci da kuma rarraba networks. Haramta jeri kuma maye ayyuka na sifili da m igiyoyi a guda-lokaci DC kewaye. Su yi amfani da wani ƙarin tsaka tsaki shugaba labeled EMP-7.

Akwai karin ci-gaba tsarin for acewa lantarki, powered by guda-lokaci cibiyar sadarwa. Yana hada da na kowa shugaba PEN shiga cikin earthed tsaka tsaki a cikin halin yanzu Madogararsa. Rabuwa da N da PE conductors auku a maha? Ar line zuwa guda-lokaci, misali, wata driveway garkuwa Apartment gidãjensu.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura da cewa kariya na masu amfani da lantarki buga da kuma lalacewar lantarki kayan a lokacin da surges da makamashi wadata ne mai babbar kalubale. Mene ne daban-daban daga grounding da acewa, ya bayyana kawai, manufar ba ya bukatar wani na musamman da ilmi ba. Amma a cikin wani akwati, matakan kula da lafiyar iyali lantarki kayan da masana'antu kayan aiki kamata a da za'ayi ci gaba da kuma a matakin da ya dace.