Glycerin - menene wannan? Properties da kuma amfani da dukiyarsa. Yadda za a yi glycerin?

Glycerin - a trivalent barasa. Ana amfani da magani, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci, kayan shafawa har ma domin yin Dynamite. Abin da kaddarorin glycerol? Zan iya samun shi gida?

Mene ne glycerin?

Glycerin ne Organic abu da kuma shi ne mai trihydric barasa. Its sinadaran form kama C ₃ H ₈ Yã ₃ ko HOCH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₂ OH. Ma'anar glycerol ne kai tsaye related to da kaddarorin. Sunan zo daga kalmar Helenanci "glycosylation" ko "mai dadi", saboda zaki da dandano na wani abu.

Glycerin - bayyananne ruwa, wajen danko sosai da cikakken odorless. Shi ne ba mai guba da kuma ba guba, don haka ba matsayi wani hadari a kai tsaye lamba tare da fata. A irin wannan yanayi glycerol ɓangare na dabba mai da aka samu a mafi kayan lambu mai. A kankanin na shi ne a cikin jini dabbobi.

Da farko glycerin aka gano a cikin 1783, lokacin da sunadarai Carl Scheele aiki saponification na fats da taimakon gubar oxide. A lokacin dumama oxide da man zaitun ya fara samar da sabulu bayani. Bayan ta danshin kafa m dadi syrup.

Properties

The abu yana da babban hygroscopic, watau da ikon zuwa sha danshi da kuma riƙe shi. ta tafasar batu ne 290 digiri Celsius. A reflux, glycerin partially decomposes. A zazzabi na 362 digiri iya spontaneously ƙone. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, da abu yana da wani maras tabbas Properties amma evaporates a lokacin tsanani da. Konewa tare da sakin ruwa da carbon dioxide.

Glycerin ne ba mai narkewa a cikin fats, hydrocarbons da kuma bangarori, amma daidai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma alcohols. Lokacin da kara zuwa ga ruwa na faruwa a ƙanƙancewa ko rage ƙaran daga cikin bayani, da kuma zafin jiki da yistin. A irin wannan cakuda, da sanyinsu na ruwa da aka saukar da.

Tare da ma'adinai da kuma carboxylic acid Forms da glycerol esters. A da ginshikin, wannan kitsen da hannu a aiwatar da metabolism da kuma yin nazarin halittu muhimmanci ayyuka a cikin jikin dabbobi. Wasu daga cikin su ne, misali, phospholipids.

Ester ne ma glyceryl trinitrate. The abu kafa daga mai hade da glycerol da nitrous acid. Wannan m mai guba da kuma sosai m ruwa, kula da 'yar alamar magudi.

Glycerol da kuma jan hydroxide samar da wata duhu blue bayani tare da cikakken rushe precipitate, na nuna cewa acidic Properties na barasa. Glycerin ne iya rushe aromatic alcohols, Alkali, sugars, salts da sauran kwayoyin da inorganic mahadi.

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen

A farko a tarihin wani tsari na samar da glycerol - a omylivanie. Ya bayyana a commencement na abu sunadarai Scheele. A sakamakon wannan tsari ne da sabulu bayani tare da glycerol. Sa'an nan, su ya kamata a rabu da juna, wanda aka yi amfani da sodium chloride. Sa'an nan glycerol wajibi ne don thicken da kuma tsarkake ta barasan ko kunna carbon.

Wani Hanyar shafi ƙara ruwa da man fetur. A wani matsa lamba, suna mai tsanani da kuma zuga for goma hours, sa'an nan sanyaya. Bayan sanyaya abu a fili ya kasu kashi da dama yadudduka a cikin kasa - glycerine da ruwa a cikin sama - acid.

The abu ne ma samu ta hanyar hydrolysis na carbohydrates, kamar sitaci, kara sugar. Amma sai a kafa shi ne ba su da tsarki ruwa, da kuma cakuda da daban-daban glycols.

Dukan wadannan hanyoyin taimaka don samun abin da ake kira food glycerin. Shi ne m da mutane da kuma aka kara da shiri na wani abinci. A bambanci ga shi, da kuma a can ne mai fasaha glycerine. Wannan abu da aka ba samu daga kayan lambu da dabbobi raw kayan, da kuma propylene - combustible gas da karfi narcotic sakamako.

aikace-aikace

Kuma da abinci, da kuma fasaha glycerin ne yadu amfani a rayuwarmu. An sau da yawa amfani ga yi na roba resins. Nitroglycerin da ake amfani wajen samar da Dynamite da sauran nakiyoyi. A magani, wannan abu ne mai girma a gare kwayoyi, dilates jini.

A masana'antu, shi da ake amfani da takarda yi, abu don wanka. A samar da wutar lantarki da kuma rediyo a lokacin soldering shi hidima a matsayin juyi. Glycerin da ake amfani da yi robobi, yi Paints da varnishes.

A cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da shi yana rajista a matsayin ƙari E422. Wannan emulsifier, wanda wajibi ne a kara da danko, kuma ma domin samar da daban-daban blends. The abu ne mai memba na da yawa likita shirye-shirye amfani ga harsashi lantarki taba sigari, domin yi na kyandirori. A ilmin halitta glycerol da ake bukata domin tsare kyallen takarda, gabobin, kwayoyin da kuma ilimin Halittar Jiki shirye-shirye.

Glycerine a cikin kayan shafawa

Saboda glycerin rike danshi, shi ne sau da yawa amfani da wani iri-iri na kwaskwarima kayayyakin ga fata da gashi kula. An samu a soaps, a m da kuma moisturizing creams.

The abu da ke shiga cikin epidermis, a cikin ruwa da rike Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, shi ba ya bayar da fata zuwa zama ma bushe da m. Amma shi ma yana da disadvantages. Gaskiyar cewa yanayi tare da sosai bushe iska (kasa da 65% danshi), glycerine fara sha danshi daga fata, m draining shi.

Kullum cosmetologists ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi a cikin hunturu. Bugu da kari, da muhimmanci shi ƙaddarãwa. A gaban adadi kaɗan na glycerol a cikin cream kawai inganta Properties na fata. Tare da sauran kayayyakin da ake amfani da shi a gida girke-girke na masks da lotions. Alal misali, a hade tare da orange da kuma ruwa ga tsarkakewa da toning, gashi amfani tare da kwai, zuma, Castor man da sauran sinadaran.

Yadda za a yi glycerin?

Ina bukatar saya glycerin. Yana za a iya dafa shi a gida. Wannan na bukatar da kitsen dabba (1.9 kg), Alkali (342 MG), ruwa (995 MG) da kuma gishiri. Fat za a iya dauka daga cikin naman wani dabba, raba shi da dukan jijiyoyinmu da jini. Kuma a sa'an nan mu yi aiki a matsayin haka:

• narke cikin guda na mai kan matsakaici zafi.
• barin shi su kwantar zuwa 35 digiri.
• a raba jirgin ruwa shirya wani Alkali, emptying shi cikin ruwa.
• Alkali zazzabi ya kamata kuma isa 35 digiri, sa'an nan shi a hankali a hankali zuba a cikin kwanon rufi tare da kitsen.
• da sauri mõtsar da sinadaran vsyp da gishiri.
• ci gaba da "gishiri" da ke motsa har sai da cakuda fara raba cikin wani sarari ruwa da kuma wani m bayani a kasa a ckin sama.
• kama dukan saman Layer - wannan sabulu, da ƙananan Layer - glycerol.
• mu tace glycerol ta hanyar sieve ko gauze cire kananan barbashi sabulu.

Don tafiyar da shirye-shiryen da glycerol kadai ya kamata ya mai da hankali. Dilution da ruwa da Alkali ne mai tsanani a sama 90 digiri. Dole ne aiki safar hannu, da tabarau (vapour) da kuma tsarma Alkali cikin wani musamman ganga.