Gashi na ashirin (G20): hade. Kasashen G20

Big Ashirin - wani shiri game da yawa ji. Ya ƙunshi tsarin tattalin arziki na 20 na duniya, wanda yake a kan cibiyoyin daban-daban. Wannan labarin zai tattauna tarihin wannan ƙungiyar, da manufofi da manufofi, da kuma dangantaka tsakanin Rasha da sauran masu halartar wannan taron.

An yi la'akari da shekarar G20 na 1999. Tun shekara ta 2008, kungiyar ta hadu da mambobinta akai-akai. Ƙaddamarwa - Bissbane taron - yana da sha'awa sosai ga al'ummar duniya. G-20 yayi kokarin magance matsaloli masu yawa a ciki.

G20: Farko

G20 (ko, a taƙaice, G20) ƙungiya ce ta kasa da kasa na sikelin duniya. Harkokin tattalin arziki mafi girma a duniya sun halarci.

Mutane da yawa sun san cewa farkon abin da G20 ya ƙunshi ba a cikin jihohi 20 ba, amma 33! Duk da haka, a shekara guda, a 1999, yawan mahalarta taron ya rage zuwa saba'in a yau. Shin zai kasance kamar wannan a cikin shekaru masu zuwa? Ba wanda ya sani.

Wani muhimmin abu da aka samu ga G20 shine matsalar tattalin arziki na shekarar 1998, wadda ta ratsa cikin gabashin gabashin Asia. Kuma sakamakon wannan rikici ya ji kan kansa kusan dukkanin duniyarmu. Duk da haka, da ya taimaka da manyan 'yan wasa a duniya siyasa taswirar su gane bukatar ya halicci duniya karfi da zai iya hana kara kama rikicen tattalin arziki. Kuma irin wannan rukunin ya kafa - shine G20.

G20: manufofin da manufofin

Matsakaici, tsayayyen ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya shine babban mahimmanci da kuma manufar wannan kungiyar. Kuma wannan karuwar haɓaka zai shafi dukkan ƙasashen duniya ba tare da togiya ba.

A cikin tsarin tsarin G20, membobinta suna ƙoƙarin samun mafita mai kyau ga dukan matsalolin matsala:

• Wace hanya ce mafi kyau don tabbatar da ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya.
• Yadda za a inganta yadda za a samar da kudi da zamantakewar zamantakewa.
• Yadda za a tabbatar da abinci tsaro matalauta kasashen.
• Ta yaya zan iya warware da dama daga gida da kuma yankin rikice-rikice.
• Yadda za a "kare" ilimin kimiyya na duniya, da dai sauransu.

Yawancin makamashi da makamashi suna ciyarwa da kasashe G-20 da kuma gano hanyoyin da za a magance matsalar cin hanci da rashawa. Suna kuma shiga cikin aiwatar da shirye-shirye masu yawa na yanayi.

Hakika, aikin G20 ba ma ba tare da wani ɓangare na zargi ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana zargin kungiyar ta rashin rashin gaskiya ga ayyukan, har ma a cikin 'yan majalisa da yawa waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari don magance waɗannan matsaloli na duniya.

G20: Jerin kasashe

G20 taron kasa da kasa shine:

• 58% na yankin duniya;
• Kimanin kashi 60% na yawan mutanen duniya;
• 85% na cinikayyar duniya.

A ƙasa an jera duk ƙasashe na G-20 (wanda ke mambobi ne na ƙungiya har zuwa kwanan wata):

1. Canada.
2. Amurka.
3. Mexico.
4. Brazil.
5. Argentina.
6. Afirka ta Kudu.
7. Birtaniya.
8. Faransa.
9. Italiya.
10. Jamus.
11. Rasha.
12. Turkey.
13. Saudi Arabia.
14. China.
15. Indiya.
16. Japan.
17. Koriya ta Kudu.
18. Indonesia.
19. Australia.

Kasancewar dukkan ƙasashen da ke sama da kake gani a duniya a ƙasa. Za mu iya cewa 'yan G20 sun kasance a duk faɗin duniya, sai dai Antarctica.

Amma wanene ya rasa a wannan jerin G20? Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai a matsayin kungiyar an dauki kashi 20 na mamba a cikin taron. Bugu da kari, wakilan IMF, bankin Duniya da kuma Babban Bankin Turai na yawan shiga cikin G20. Wannan shi ne cikakken abun da ke ciki na G20.

Kasashe na G20

Babban aikin aiki na G20 shine taron. G20 yana zuwa irin tarurruka a kowace shekara. A kowace shekara, za su zaba sabuwar masaukin taron don taron na gaba. Har ila yau, ya haɗu da sakatariya na kungiyar.

A wa] annan tarurruka, a matsayin shugabanci, shugabannin} asashe (shugabanni da Firayim Minista), da kuma ministocin sassa daban-daban. An fara taron farko na G20 a shekarar 2008 a babban birnin Amurka kuma an kira shi rikici. Babu shakka cewa shi tattauna hanyoyi daga kudi na duniya rikicin na 2007-2008 shekaru.

G20 tana da jimillar kusan sau ɗaya a shekara (kawai a shekara ta 2009 da 2010 akwai biyu daga cikinsu). Yawancin tarurruka ana gudanar da su a cikin kaka: a watan Satumba ko Nuwamba. Zai yiwu mafi girma da sha'awar tarihin G20 shine Brisbane Summit na 2014. Za a tattauna ta gaba.

Ba lallai ba ne a yi la'akari da cewa duk aikin taron yana iyakance ga shirya da kuma gudanar da tarurruka na shekara. A taron na gaba, zasu tattauna da kuma amince da wani tsari, aiwatar da abin da ya ci gaba da aiki a kungiyoyi daban-daban da kuma rarrabawar rabawa.

G20 da Rasha

Batun batun dangantakar abokantaka a cikin "Big Twenty - Rasha" a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yana da sha'awar al'ummar duniya.

Kamar yadda ka sani, a shekarar 2014, an dakatar da mambobin kungiyar G8 a rukunin G8. A sakamakon da Big Takwas ya daina wanzuwa da kuma ya koma zuwa ga asalin size - da G7 kungiyar.

Ba da da ewa ba, jita-jita sun yada a duniya cewa Rasha za a cire shi daga G20. Yawancin haka, an yi watsi da Australiya a wannan, wanda a ranar da ya kamata ya dauki bakuncin taron na gaba a Brisbane. Gwamnatin wannan kasa ta zargi Rasha cewa yana da hannu a cikin jirgin saman jirgin saman Boeing-MN 17 wanda ya sauka a sama a gabashin Ukraine.

Duk da haka, bayan tattaunawa da yawa a tsakanin mahalarta taron, an gayyaci tawagar Rasha a taron a birnin Brisbane na Australia. Babban sakon wannan yanke shawara ita ce: da cire Rasha daga G20 zai kara inganta yanayin halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu a duniya.

Babban Hamsin a Australia (Brisbane Summit)

An gudanar da taron kolin G20 karo na farko (G20) a Brisbane, birni miliyan daya a gabashin kasar. Shugabannin jihohi sun taru don tarurrukan taron shekara-shekara, wanda ya kasance kwana biyu: Nuwamba 15 da 16.

Babban batun tattaunawa shi ne rikici na soja a Yammacin Ukraine, wanda ya fara a cikin bazara na shekara guda. Bugu da} ari,} asashen sun mayar da hankali ga maganganun cin hanci da rashawa. A taron, ban da shugabannin kasashe 19, Harman Van Rompuy - shugaban majalisar Turai. Taron da aka yi a Ostiraliya ya ƙare tare da tallafawa shirin aiwatar da hadin gwiwa.

Hadisai na farko da kuma sakamakon G20 Summit a Brisbane

Taron Brisbane a shekara ta 2014 ya faru ne a kan yanayin da yake faruwa a duniya. Don haka, a cikin manyan batutuwa na taron sun taso kamar haka:

• Ci gaba da yakin basasa a Siriya da kuma samar da IGIL - sabuwar barazanar ta'addanci ga dukan duniya;
• Wani sabon zagaye na cigaba da rikici tsakanin Larabawa da Isra'ila;
• Ayyukan sojoji na aiki a cikin Donbass da hanyoyin da za a warware rikicin;
• Matsayin da Jamusanci da Italiya suke da shi, wanda zaman lafiya na dukan Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ya dogara.

Bugu da} ari, taron na Brisbane ya tantauna matsalar da aka fa] a cikin duniya, a farashin "zinariyar zinariya", kuma ya sake neman hanyoyin da za a dakatar da yaduwar cutar Ebola.

Menene sakamakon da masu halartar taron suka zo? Abu mafi mahimmanci, abin da aka yanke shawarar jefa dukan sojojin G20 a cikin shekara mai zuwa, shine batun tsaro na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, kasashen G-20 sun sanya kansu manufa ta duniya: don karuwa da 2% na GDP na duniya (har 2018). Don yin wannan, "ƙarfin duniya" ya ƙaddara don ƙarfafa ƙaddamar da kasa da kasa kuma ya ƙãra yawan adadin da aka sanya a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziki.

G20 a Antalya

An gudanar da taron G-20 na karshe a Antalya, Turkiyya. Hadin shugabannin shugabannin duniya ya faru ne a kan ƙarshen hare-haren ta'addanci na Paris, wanda, a hakika, an hukunta su nan da nan. A bayyane yake, babban batun taron taron Turkiyya shine ta'addanci a duniya.

Jean-Claude Juncker ya gabatar da wata mawuyacin hali a taron - matsala na 'yan gudun hijirar daga yankunan rikici. A taron da aka alama ta babbar gudunmawar Turkey da kuma Rasha a yaki da 'yan ta'adda kungiyar LIH. Masu halartar taro ba su manta da batun gargajiya na tattalin arzikin duniya ba ga G20.

Kamar yadda ka sani, za a gudanar da taron kolin G-20 mai zuwa a kasar Sin.

Kammalawa

An kafa G20 na kasa da kasa a shekarar 1999 tare da manufar tattara hanyoyin warware matsalolin duniya na zamani. Da farko, wadannan tarurruka ne na kowane ministoci. Amma a tsawon lokaci, Big Twenty ya fara gudanar da babban taro, wanda aka gayyatar manyan shugabannin jihohin duniyarmu.

Har zuwa yanzu, G20 ya hada da kasashe 19, da kuma kungiyar daya - Tarayyar Turai. An gudanar da taron G20 na karshe a Antalya, a watan Nuwambar 2015.