Forest tsuntsaye. Facts da Figures

A duniya akwai a kalla 8600 daban-daban jinsunan tsuntsaye, ciki har da a cikin kasar - fiye da 700 jinsunan. A cikin gandun daji, lambuna da gonakin na Turai na da ƙasa sanaki 294 jinsunan. Daban-daban na Rasha tsuntsaye sami mafaka a cikin gandun daji da kuma a birane halin wurare.

A kasar, tare da tsaurara sauyin yanayi, da yawa jinsunan tsuntsaye ƙaura zuwa hunturu a warmer canjin yanayin da, da kuma waɗanda suka kasance sukan yi ƙaura daga arewa zuwa tsakiya da kuma kudancin yankunan. A cikin manyen sanyi, kuma saboda sanyi da kuma rashin abinci da tsuntsaye sau da yawa mutu a manyan lambobin.

tsuntsaye bukatar abinci ne sosai high saboda da high motsi da kuma tsanani da metabolism. Daily girma abinci suna da game da 1/4 nauyin jikinsa. Tsuntsaye masu cin nama ci sau daya a rana, granivorous - akalla biyu, da kuma insectivores - game 5-6 sau. A kajin girma lokaci bukatar a feed ne kara karu. Suna girma sosai da sauri, domin a mako haihuwa nauyi ya karu da sau da yawa.

Forest tsuntsaye Rasha sa up mafi girma a kungiyar na jinsi. Birds ne gaskiya abokai da kuma saviors na gandun daji daga kwari. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan - musamman insectivores (nightjar, nuthatch, kusan kowane irin songbirds). Others (tsuntsaye, starlings, shrikes) kwari sune manyan ɓangare na rage cin abinci. By granivorous da omnivorous tsuntsaye ne zakara, buntings, bullfinches, zakara, kananan tsuntsaye, woodpecker da sparrows. Amma su fledge kawai kwari. Kuma tare da wani karfi multiplication da kwari duk da tsuntsaye, ko da granivorous, ciyar da musamman kan su.

Forest tsuntsaye bambanta ba kawai a cikin yanayin da rage cin abinci, amma kuma nesting jinsunan. A hollows na cikin gida game da 10 jinsunan insectivorous tsuntsaye da 10 jinsin ciyar a kan kananan hakori. Sauran karami gida a ƙasa, kuma a cikin sarƙaƙƙiya. M undergrowth domin su - mafi kyau mazauninsu da kariya daga makiya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin tsohon gandun daji, inda babu underbrush, kadan tsuntsaye.

A cikin gefuna da gandun daji, a cikin lambuna da gonakin rayuwa kananan tsuntsaye da kuma cuckoos, nightingales yi sheƙarsu a cikin bushes daji ceri da elderberry tare gandun daji kõguna da kõguna a cikinta, tsuntsaye kamar ƙunci, buntings da warblers zabi kananan bushes ko lokacin farin ciki ciyawa a cikin natsuwa da sa-hannun shafukan.

Forest tsuntsaye taimaka gandun daji girma. Daga tsaba don su watsar da su sabili da kashin dabbabin, girma sabon sarƙaƙƙiya. Mutane da yawa tsuntsaye (woodpecker, jays, starlings, chickadees) boye bishiya tsaba, acorns, kwayoyi, a gansakuka ko tsufa kututture. Daga cikin wadannan manta ko incompletely zaba "makon jiya, inda" sa'an nan tsiro sabon itatuwa. Zakara, mashi da jackdaws yada tsaba na gonar shuke-shuke, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa za ka iya samun a cikin dazuzzuka a cikin m wurare.

Wild tsuntsaye suna da yawa makiya. Musamman mai yawa tsuntsaye suna kashe a lokacin da suke incubating qwai da kuma ciyar da kajin lokacin da iyaye za su iya barin gida da kuma su ne musamman m. Saboda da yara, kazalika da da hannun mutum ba ya tsira fiye da goma daga cikin kananan tsuntsaye da cewa rayuwa a cikin gandun daji kusa da ƙauyuka. A Parks da gidãjen Aljanna, wannan kashi ne ko da ƙananan.

A mafi tsanani makiyan tsuntsãye (musamman zaune a kusa da birane) - cikin gida cat. Daga na zama yankunan da flyers farauta Foxes, ferrets, martens, weasels, stoats. Domin ƙasa-nesting tsuntsaye ne maƙiyan hedgehogs da shrews. Mutane ma sa babba cuta ga tsuntsaye deforestation da spraying da magungunan kashe qwari. Saboda haka, kawai 'yan gandun daji da tsuntsaye rayuwa duk zafin yanayi rayuwa. Kuma shi ne quite dogon: daga DAWs - 11 years, starlings - 10, a blackbirds, robins da wagtails - fiye da 10 da tsattsewa, da swifts - game 9, daga kananan tsuntsaye - 7 shekaru. Mutane da yawa tsuntsaye iya rayuwa ko da ya fi tsayi - har zuwa shekaru 18, sparrows, gulls kogin game da 20 mashi - 21 years, nightingales - 25.

A kan hanyar zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa da tsuntsaye ne su iya ci gaba da wani babba gudun. Saboda haka, kananan tsuntsaye tashi a 30 - 50 km / h, starlings - daga 60 zuwa 79 km / h, waders - 55 - 86. predatory tsuntsãye (shaho) tashi a gudun 95 km / h, da kuma kai hari a kan ganima - game da 360 km / h.