Violets: kula a gida, description, haifuwa, hadi, watering

M da kyau flower kira violets, kula a gida ga cewa mai sauqi qwarai, - mai Popular na cikin gida shuka cewa janyo hankalin magoya na gida flower domin ta bambance bambancen tabarau na launuka da iri.

Tarihi da sunan

Tarihi violets ne sosai ban sha'awa: an same su a Afrika, kusa da Uzambarskih Mountains (Tanzaniya Territory). Ya gano da kyau m furanni a 1893 quite da hatsari da gwamnan Gabashin Afrika, tafiya a cikin dazuzzuka kusa waterfalls. Ya kuma aika wani kwafin wani flower wa ubansa - a Jamus halitta.

Ulrich von Saint-Paul sanya wani cikakken bayanin irin Botanical ganewa da kuma samu, da kuma flower aka kira violets ko Saintpaulia. Bayan wani lokaci flower aka nuna a Duniya Nunin, wanda ja hankalin masu lambu da kuma shayarwa, godiya ga wanda da yawa sabon nau'in na Saintpaulia aka janye shi.

description flower

To, abin da suke wadannan furanni? Violets - a herbaceous shuka na iyali Gesneriaceae, abin da ke faruwa daga wurare masu zafi gabashin Afrika, da Turai Violet m. Wadannan furanni - mafi fi so kuma mashahuri a cikin houseplants.

Babban amfani da Saintpaulia - flowering na dogon lokaci, kusan a ko'ina cikin shekara. Bugu da kari, jinsunan bambancin damar da kananan taga leji sanya da dama Violet furanni tare da launuka daban-daban, saboda da shuka kanta na bukatar sosai dan sarari.

Kula da kuma lighting

Violets, kula a gida ga cewa - ba ma wuya tsari, sosai finicky game da su location:

• da karancin haske ya auku inda hakan samuwar ganye da kuma buds.
• tare da wani wuce haddi na hasken rana ganye iya kone, da kuma flower mutu.
• Ya kamata a zabi wani wuri quite mai haske, dumi, amma ba da yawa hasken haske rana, sa'an nan da shuka zai ji quite dadi;
• wani yanayin - dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa ganyen violets ba sa lamba tare da gilashin a cikin taga, wanda kuma tsokani konewa.

Manufa domin senpoliy yammacin da kuma gabashin windows, amma kudu - kawai ga wintering. Idan shuka za a iya sanya kawai a kudancin taga, ya kamata ka sanya tukwane haka cewa rãnã, shuke-shuke rasa (misali, gefen tebur kusa da taga sill).

Ganiya girma zazzabi - + 23-25ºS kuma ga adult Violet - dan kadan karami 20-24ºS +. A shuka ba jure canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki (iyakar - 'yan digiri), kuma ba ya son zayyana. Dace kula da violets a cikin hunturu a gida za su ci gaba da flowering lokaci.

Ya kamata ka ma a kai a kai duba da shuka da kuma cire tsohon ko lalace ganye da kuma bushe furanni sun iri. Idan kara zuwa haifa bayan cire ƙananan ganye, da shuka ya kamata a transplanted, da shuka kanti mafi zurfi cikin ƙasa (kafin ganye). Dashi violets ne kyawawa yi a kowace shekara a matsayin ƙasa? Ãr a cikin tukunya.

Gona da shayar da

Saintpaulia - Violet, watering da ƙasa da abin da ke da muhimmanci. Shuka fi son sako-sako da ƙasa, ruwa tsarẽwa kyau. Saukowa cakuda kunshi wadannan aka gyara:

• Turf ƙasa.
• leaf mold.
• yashi.
• sphagnum gansakuka.

Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wani ruwan magani da kuma gama sayayya, amma tare da Bugu da kari na perlite, gansakuka ko kwakwa substrate. Sau da yawa lambu ƙara ƙasar Pine gandun daji, da kuma bayan gauraye da shi tare da wani takardar.

kawai don kare ruwa ne dace da ban ruwa senpolii (famfo ko ruwan sama). Fifita peat ƙasa, danshi da sauri evaporates daga wanda, violets watering ma tana da wani m, tare da ambaliya ko da mafi m mata fiye da rashin danshi. Idan ruwa a cikin kanti na iya fara Rotting na kara da m asalinsu. Mafi wani zaɓi - ƙara ruwa da kwanon rufi ko tukunya ta amfani da nutsewa a cikin dumi (dakin da zazzabi) ruwa.

Kula a cikin hunturu

Watering da kuma for violets hunturu kula a gida ne rikitarwa saboda da karfi karu a zafi a cikin dakin a lokacin da tsakiyar dumama, kuma suna bukatar 60%. Saboda haka, a cikin hunturu, muna bada shawara ta amfani da wani humidifier ko a kai a kai spraying ruwa a kusa da shuka, da kuma cikakken ba zai iya ba da damar shiga cikin ruwa a kan m velvety ganyen violets.

Babban matsaloli a cikin hunturu kula:

• iska zazzabi saukad: shuke-shuke fi son zuwa + 20-25 ° C, da kuma daga kaifi zazzabi drop zai iya ci gaba;
• kusanci dumama batura.
• konewa daga hunturu rana, ko sanyi gilashi a kan taga, idan akwai fari spots a kan ganye, a tukunyar violets ya kamata a cire daga taga.
• violets ambaliya saboda bushe iska - a cikin wannan harka, da shuka transplanted ba tanƙwara tushen tsarin.

A cikin hunturu, mai da muhimmanci sosai ƙarin lighting, domin in ba haka ba da tsire-tsire zai sha wahala daga rashin haske. Shi ne mafi kyau ga shigar kyalli fitilu, da kuma hada for 3-4 hours kowace rana: ba su zafi da iska da kuma samar da ko da haske.

hanyoyin da ciyar

Saintpaulia ba son overfeeding da kyau jure da rashin takin. Idan shuke-shuke suna dasa a musamman gona, shi riga yana dauke da zama dole na gina jiki da kuma gano abubuwa. Domin ƙarin barbarar (idan shuke-shuke suna a fili m) za ka iya amfani da taki ga violets: a granules ko ruwa. A qagaggun ne da dama iri iri:

• ma'adinai - ƙara da acidity na kasar gona da kuma ta da flowering (superphosphate a granules).
• ma'adinai hadaddun (foda ko ruwa) "Uniflor", "Master", "Etisso" "Fertikov", da dai sauransu.;
• Organic: humus, taki, ruwa shirye-shirye rubberized ( "Bakan Gizo", "Ideal", "Gummi").

Har ila yau, a lokacin da alamar shafi buds iya yin miya taki da phosphorus da kuma matasa shuke-shuke - da yawa nitrogen. Taki for violets ba za a iya amfani da mafi sau da yawa fiye da 1 lokaci da watan, alternating tsakanin daban-daban.

Kiwo Hanyar na violets

Ga kyau girma a cikin tukunya iya "rayuwa" daya kawai shuka, don haka idan kana bukatar ka sprawl karin kanti aka ajiye, amma tare da kula ba a taba asalinsu. Wannan ya bada wata damar samun wani shuka ba tare da jawabin da karin kudi.

Akwai hanyoyi da dama da wanda ninka violets. Kula a gida zai ba da damar fairly sauki shirya shi domin dasa kayan multiplication da kuma ko da girma sabon iri:

• guda na leaf.
• kanti ko suckers.
• tsaba (da dogon tsari).

A mafi kyau duka lokaci domin wannan bazara da kuma bazara, saboda a cikin hunturu da shuka ne a Jihar sauran kuma na bukatar takamaiman yanayi na kula.

Farfagandar cuttings (ganye)

A mafi sauki hanyar da cewa ba ka damar girma shuke-shuke a gida ne da yawa iri iri na violets - yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings. A saboda wannan dalili, da most takardar da za a yanka sosai kaifi wuka a wani kadan kwana (ba don murkushe kara).

Akwai 2 hanyoyin da Rooting ganye:

• a ruwa inda karamin leaf an saukar da kafafu, - tushen germination kullum daukan 10-14 kwana (da ruwa dole ne a hankali a hankali ƙara yayin da rike wannan matakin).
• a wani musamman gona (a cakuda peat) zuwa zurfin isa ya rike da ganye a tsaye a wani kadan kwana, tare da mafi muhimmanci shi ne don kula da microclimate sama da ƙasa ta amfani da polyethylene bags, gwangwani ko yanke yanki na roba kwalabe, kasar gona dole ne kula da isasshen zafi, mini-greenhouse ukoreneneniya cire bayan yankan.

haifuwa kantuna

Lokacin da adult violets an riga da girma, sa'an nan kusa da ita fara bayyana da yaro kwasfansu (stepchildren), wanda zai kuma taimaka wajen yada wannan shuka. Don otsadit kanti, kana bukatar ka jira har sai ta za su yi girma a mafi žarancin 5 cm tsawo. Bayan da sosai a hankali shi ne rabu da babban tushe, kula kada su cutar da asalinsu.

Better sa a wannan gona bayan rutin a cikin wata daya Violet zai saki sabo ne matasa ganye da kuma fara da samuwar flower buds.

Species da kuma irin violets

Uzambarskih irin violets - mai girma iri-iri daban-daban launuka da siffofi na ganye, wanda aka janye ta sana'a masana kimiyyar da ganganci ko bazata masoya. Kuma a haifuwa ta cuttings na wani tsirarwa iya girma da wani sabon gaba ɗaya irin (degenerate jinsunan).

Saintpaulia iri suna zuwa kashi da dama kungiyoyin bisa ga girman da kanti, launuka iri-iri da kuma siffofi na ganye.

Alal misali, irin tare da m launi ko da wani gẽfe da sauƙi gãdon halaye na iyaye a farantin aiwatar da haifuwa, iyakar za a iya bayyana kawai a na biyu flowering.

Fancy jinsunan (ado da spots, ratsi, dige) da shawarar peduncles ko karbe shi ta amfani laterals, sa'an nan suka gaji launi. A cikin wannan hanya da kuma karbe fialki- "chimera" ciwon juna a kan furanni kamar yadda haskoki.

Rataya-Downing iri tare da wani dogon kara da girma a dama da maki, daban-daban kuri'a na launuka da kuma da dama daga kantuna.

Maki rubuta Osa - daya daga cikin asali da kuma sabon iri violets, wanda flower yana da wani gajeren babba lobe 2 da kuma 3, da ƙananan, tsawo da kuma kunkuntar, forming m bayyanar.

Daya daga cikin halin yanzu rare iri - blue Violet, bred a Rasha, yana da babban, har zuwa 10 cm, mai haske blue furanni da shuka kanta - silnovetvistoe kuma har zuwa 40 cm Akwai da dama iri na violets, furanni na daban-daban siffofi .:

• Blue hazo - kodadde blue Fluffy bukukuwa tare da wavy gefuna.
• Blue Danube - yana mai yawa blue furanni up to 5 cm a diamita.
• Blue Dragon - kodadde blue tare da blue taurari a tsakiyar, wani m ja kan iyaka da wani farin da zinariya gefe, launuka har zuwa 6 cm.
• Blue Kota - mai haske blue Violet zuwa blue tabo da kuma ja frill a kusa da gefe.

Cutar da kuma magani senpoliy

Violet - mai sosai capricious shuka, bukata a wasu zafi da kuma ƙasa, da yawa na haske amma ba kai tsaye rãnã, wasu kula da kuma ciyar da. Amma ko da duk wadannan yanayi faruwa, da shuka ba shi da lafiya.

Babban aiki a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki - don koyon yadda za su gano dalilin da cutar da kuma a rarrabe tsakanin cututtuka da kuma wadanda ba communicable violets, watau sa da karancin wasu gina jiki ko rashin tsarewa yanayi ...

Daya daga cikin na kowa matsaloli - yellowing da ganyen da shuka, sau da yawa lalacewa ta hanyar m acidity na kasar gona, kuma haske rana, ko kuma karfi shading.

Cututtuka violets:

• Fusarium (rot kwasfa) - pathogen ne wani naman gwari Fusarium iya shiga cikin matasa Tushen idan mahaukaci yanayi na (m gona, na yau da kullum ambaliya ruwa, musamman sanyi, manya-manyan tukunya). Saboda rashin lafiya stalks bar juya launin ruwan kasa, da za a fara fada. Ga masu rigakafin da ya faru na wannan naman gwari bada shawarar ya shayar da shuka kowace 2 months fundazol bayani. Domin lura da violets ya kamata a bi da fungicides bayan cire bushe ko Rotting mai tushe da kuma ganye.
• Powdery fumfuna - bayyana a matsayin kashe-fari plaque a kan duk surface sassa mika at rashin lighting, m zafi, ƙura ko datti a cikin iska. A sabili iya zama rashin (potassium da phosphorus), ko da wani overabundance na microelements (nitrogen). Za a iya amfani da magani ko spraying fundazol benlatom (yawanci isar 1 lokaci, amma za a iya maimaita idan ya cancanta). Don kauce wa m fumfuna violets, kula a gida domin ta kasance kamar haka: don rigakafin yin rigar Yana shãfe shafa ganye, bar iska ta shiga cikin dakin da kuma hana haddi danshi a cikin tukunya.

• Late burtuntuna - da lalata da tushen abin wuya violets da kuma bayyanar Brown spots a kan ganye, wanda aka sa wani naman gwari ratsa ta cikin tushen ko raunuka a kan tushe. burtuntuna hadari ne cewa fungal spores shirya a cikin ƙasa, haka ita ce kawai zaɓin ne don halakar da tsire-tsire da kuma sterilization tukunya. Don hana abin da ya faru na m cuta ya kamata a kara da cewa ci gaba da ƙasa kuma superphosphate zafi ba fi 60% a cikin dakin.
• Gray mold, wanda aka sa ta da naman gwari Botrytis, bayyana launin toka-kasa-kasa patina a kan dukan babba sassa na shuka, sa'an nan da lalata da kuma mutuwa na violets. A naman gwari sau da yawa samun gurbata da ƙasa, haka kafin dasa kowace shuka bada shawarar zuwa ƙasa daskare a cikin injin daskarewa, sa'an nan kuma shayar da wani bayani da manganese. Dukan marasa lafiya na bukatar hallaka Violet da shuka aiwatar fungicides. Don hana cutar, shi wajibi ne don kauce wa wuce kima watering da kuma kaifi zazzabi drop a cikin dakin.

kwari violets

Mafi na kowa kwari shafi senpolii:

• sikelin kwari - karin ganye da kuma matasa stalks, deforming su da kuma haifar da bayyanar ja spots; da su, yana taimaka aiki "aktellik" ko "fitoverm".
• Aphids yawanci shiga gidan daga sabo furanni, kwari ci da flower buds amfani da shuka sap domin abinci. rabu da aphids, ya kamata ka yi amfani da "Moskpilan" ko "aktellik".
• ticks (nau'i nau'i) - ganimar da matasa ganye don magance su shuke-shuke suna bi "Akarinom", "fitoverm" da sauransu.

Violets ko Saintpaulia - kyau sosai da bambance bambancen launuka da kuma irin ornamental shuka cewa ya samu nasarar girma a kan windowsills, da yawa mai son da masu sana'a ado flower.