Fantas: tarihi, tsabar kudi, mai mulkin soja. Fantas, da ta rawa a cikin tarihi na Black Sea

A zamanin d mulkin Fantas, da aka located a gabashin Asia Ƙananan, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar da Hellenistic jihohin da lokaci. Yana da wani babban tasiri a kan kasashen makwabta da kuma kara ci gaba da na tekun Black Sea. Duk da tsoho jihohi a kudu na ba-rana Rasha ko ta yaya aro wani abu daga wannan ikon. Fantas da aka sani zuwa kimiyyar zamani ne sosai fiye da sauran irin wannan ƙasashe. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa ta shugabanni na dogon lokaci kokawa da Roma. Babu shakka cewa wannan barazana, wanda shi ne mai mulkin Fantas, da aka nuna a cikin ciki a tsarin siyasa na kasar.

ƙasa

Cikin dukanin ta zama, a cikin III - I karni. BC Fantas, sau da yawa canza iyakar, yafi saboda da kansa bazuwa. Jihar cibiyar ya Arewa Kafadokiya a kudu-maso-gabashin bakin tekun Black Sea. A zamanin da aka sani da Pont Euxine, da kuma cewa shi ne dalilin da ya sa mulkin da aka kira Fantas ko kawai rage tsawon as Fantas.

Character na jihar ne sun fi mayar da niyya saboda ta m Gwargwadon wuri. Wanne yankuna ya zama wani ɓangare na mulkin Fantas? Yana da aka ƙasar tsakanin Tsakiya da kuma yammacin Asiya, da Balkans da kuma Black Sea yankin. Saboda haka, da Pont da cinikayya tare da duk yankuna da cewa sanya shi mai arziki da kuma iko shugabanni. Wadannan 'yan kasuwa zo daga arewacin Bagadaza, Iran Plateau da kuma Caucasus. Rare Oriental dukiya kawo kudi mai yawa. Coins Fantas minted daga zinariya da samun musamman bayyanar. Archaeologists ci gaba da samun su a cikin Turkey da kuma Rasha, Ukraine da kuma Caucasus.

jama'a

A Pontius jihar gauraye da hadisai na mutane da yawa. A wannan mulkin Asia Ƙananan zauna, Anatolian, Iran da kuma Helenawa kwastan. The yawan kagaggun tsunduma a aikin noma, wanda falala a kansu da m sauyin yanayi. Cities in Ponte aka gwada da kananan. Sun kasance mafi yawa a kan Black Sea Coast. Waɗannan su ne manufofin cewa kafa Greek mulkin mallaka.

Ethnic yawan nasa ne da Cappadocian, Macron, Ghalib, Colchis, kataontsam. Ya rayu a nan dukan baki, kamar Phrygian kabilu. A mulkin Fantas shi ko da yaushe mai yawa Iran magana Farisa. Duk wannan kaleidoscope wani hatsari foda keg. Daban-daban al'ummai aka sõyayya ta cikin babban Hellenistic (Greek) da al'adunsu. A gabas na kabilar rayu, da tasiri ya weaker. Mai zauna Hellenized jama'ar na Black Sea Coast na manufofin.

Ponta tushe

Fantas jihar da aka kafa da Sarki Mithridates na a 302 BC By asalin, ya kasance wani Persian suka yi aiki da Sarkin Makidoniya Antigonus. Ga m dalilai bafadan fadi cikin kunya tare da monarch da gudu zuwa m Kafadokiya, inda ya kafa wani sabon jihar. A madadin dukan m daular sarakuna na Fantas zama da aka sani Mitridatidami.

Ya kamata a lura da yanayin da wanda ya bayyana jihar. Fantas, wanda tarihi ya fara a karshen na IV karni BC. e., ka fito daga tarkacen mai girma da iko, ya halicci Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Wannan janar na farko nasara Girka, sa'an nan kuma yada Hellenistic al'ada a mafi yawan yankin gabas ta tsakiya. Ikonsa ya short-rayu. Ta m up a cikin da yawa mulkoki nan da nan bayan Alexander ta mutuwa a 323 BC

flowering

Zuriyar Mithridates na ci gaba da karfafa da kuma bunkasa Jihar Fantas. Aka taimake ta siyasa fragmentation makwabta da kuma m hammayarsu tsẽre ga tasiri a cikin yankin. Yuan, wannan tsoho jihar kai tare da Mithridates VI Eupator, wanda ya yi mulki a cikin 117 - 63 years. BC

A wani matashi, ya yi gudu daga ƙasarsa ta kasar. Bayan rasuwar tsohonsa uwarsa Mithridates VI adawa da ɗan ya dauka ta rightful kursiyin. Rashi a zaman talala, lalle zafin nan gaba sarki. Lokacin da ya karshe gudanar da komawa zuwa iko, da monarch ci gaba da yaki tare da makwabtanta.

Kananan mulkoki da sauri hakimai biyayya ga Mithridates. Sahaban ãdalci kira shi da girma. Ya koma Colchis (zamani Jojiya), kazalika da Tauris (Crimea). Duk da haka, a gaban sarki shi ne mafi muhimmanci gwajin - da dama kamfen da Roma. Jamhuriyar a wannan lokaci tako har ta fadada zuwa Gabas. Ta i da riskuwa da Girka da kuma yanzu iƙirarin zama Asia Ƙananan, inda mulkin Fantas ne. Tsakanin biyu iko ya fara da m yaki.

Hulda da larduna

Samar da wata babbar jiha, wanda riga alama kamar wani daular, Mithridates aka fuskanci wata halitta matsala - yadda za a kiyaye dukan ta ganĩmõmi. Ya yi kokari a samu daidaito a tsakaninsu tare da sabon larduna, ba su da wani daban-daban matsayi. Alal misali, wasu kananan kabilu na kudu ƙa'ida zama sãshensu waliyyai, yayin da Colchis da Tauris juya a cikin wani abu da kuma hanya tushe ga kasa tattalin arziki.

Mafi yawa daga cikin kudi tafi albashi da kuma abinci sojojin. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin Mulkin Fantas Mithridates manta game da lokacin da cewa shi ne duniya. Sarkin sarakuna sanya arewa maso yammacin yankin na Black Sea yankin, manyan maroki na hatsi. An m sojojin burodi da aka bukata domin nesa hare-hare a cikin Roman larduna.

External da kuma zamantakewa sabani

Mithridates VI na Fantas kokarin kara jihar da taimakon Hellenization siyasa. Ya ayyana kansa da majiɓinci, kuma ya zama majiɓinci na zamanin d Girkanci al'adu. Amma wannan ba shakka zai iya ba kai ga wani rikici da wani tsoho ikon a fuskar Roma. Jamhuriyar a kan ta gabashin kan iyakar bai bukatar wani iko da mulkin Fantas.

Mithridates kuma kokarin karfafa kasarsa ta kara amfanin manufofin. By wannan ya janyo wa gefen birane aji. Amma da irin wannan m manufofin da aka mai iko aristocracy. Its mambobi ba na so a raba ta dũkiya da tasiri da manufofin.

Domestic siyasa Mithridates VI

Daga qarshe nobility kawota m ultimatum. Ya yi don tallafa ta moriyar ko hana babban tawaye, sponsored a kudi na kitse purses Elite. Sarki, wanda yake kullum a yaki da Roma, ba zai musanya kanta a karkashin soka a baya. Ya yi za su yarda da zuwa aristocracy. Sun sa a cikin haihuwar ne marinjãya aji maida su ba kome na yawan jama'a.

Saboda wannan sabani, da mulkin Fantas, wanda sojojin da aka gina a kan tsoho Greek model zahiri ya ba su iya rabu da shaidan gabashin despotism a harkar shugabanci. Yana da muhimmanci cewa wannan babban iko wanzu ne kawai godiya ga basu baye da kuma iko adadi na babban sarki. Bayan rasuwar Mithridates VI, ta daure su fada baya.

Mulkin azãba

Yau mulkin Fantas, da ta rawa a cikin tarihi na Black Sea ake karatu da bincike daga wasu kasashe. Amma ko da kuwa wanda su ne, kowane gwani kusantar da hankali a kan Mithridates VI na zamanin, tun bayan da jihar ta kai ta ganiya.

Amma ko da wannan babban monarch sun masa kuskurorinsa kuma matsaloli da cewa ya kasance ba su iya shawo kan. Bugu da kari a ciki matsaloli bayyana a sama, sarki ya zuwa magance babu wani manyan kawayenta a yaki da Roma. Baya da baya na jamhuriyar sun kasance m Rum lardin - Girka, Italiya, Gaul, Spain, Carthage, da dai sauransu Abin iya kasance da tasiri m Mithridates, ya kasance a kan haƙiƙa yiwuwa ba dogon tsayayya da Roman bazuwa.

mutuwa na Mithridates

A cikin fall na '64 BC Sarkin Fantas ya iya tara da wata babbar rundunar soja domin lokacin 36 dubu mutane da kuma cinye Bosporus. Duk da haka, ta manyan sojoji ba ya so ya ci gaba da yakin neman zabe da kuma je Italiya, inda ya so ya je Mithridates ya buge dama a cikin zuciya na Roma. da monarch ta wuri ya mawuyacin halin, da kuma ya tako da baya.

A halin yanzu, a cikin rundunar sojojin balagagge mãkirci. Sojoji sun m da yaki, kuma a Bugu da kari, akwai wani mutum wanda zai encroach a kan ikon Portiyskom mulkin. Wannan juya a kira su da wani m Scion na Mithridates VI Pharnaces. Maƙarƙashiyar gano, ɗansa kuma ya kama. Sarkin ya so ya sanya shi ga mutuwa don cin amanar kasa, amma kusa dissuaded shi kuma ya shawarci shi to bari tafi da cewa gida. Uba amince.

Amma wannan harka ba su taimaka wa kauce wa fitina a cikin sojojin. Lokacin da Mithridates sani kẽwaye, ya dauki guba. Wannan bai yi aiki ba. Sai monarch rinjayi ya zama shugaban matsaransa ya kashe shi da takobi, da kuma cewa da aka yi. Tashin hankalin ya faru ne a cikin 63 BC A Romawa koya daga mutuwa na Mithridates, bikin 'yan kwanaki. Yanzu sun sh tsammani Mulkin na Fantas zarar sallama ga jamhuriyar.

Ki karbar kuma Fall

Bayan rasuwar Fantas Mithridates VI ya auku a cikin disrepair. The Roman Jamhuriyar, to lashe yaki da maƙwabcinsa, sanya yammacin ɓangare na mulkin ya lardin. A gabas, da maras ikon da Pontic sarakuna nace, amma a gaskiya sun zama dogara a kan Roma. Mithridates dan Pharnaces II kokarin rayar da mahaifinsa iko. Ya dauki amfani da fashewa da yakin basasa a Roma , kuma sun kai hari a jamhuriyar. Pharnaces aka mayar da su zuwa Kafadokiya, da Karami Armenia.

Duk da haka, ya samu nasara da aka short-rayu. Lokacin da Kaisar aka warware daga ciki hargitsi, sai ya tafi gabas, to azabta Pharnaces. A wani hukunci yaƙi a Zely Romawa ta samu gagarumar nasara. Just to, akwai a Latin kama magana «Veni vidi vici» - «zo, sai na ga, na yi nasara da."

Yuliy Tsezar, duk da haka, ya bar m sarauta suna a hannun Mithridates magada. Maimakon haka, suna la'akari da kansu vassals na Roma. A karshe take da aka soke da Sarkin sarakuna Nero a 62 AD A karshe mai mulki na mulkin Fantas Polemon II abdicated ba tare da wani juriya, tun da yake ba shi da albarkatun da za a magance Roma.