Fallout tsari. Mutane daya-daya da kuma na gama kariya a hali na radiation hatsarori

Radiation monitoring da za'ayi a cikin masana'antu da kuma shuke-shuke nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke kada ka ware da yiwuwar aukuwar bala'i. Saboda haka, kowa da kowa ya san yadda za a kare rayukansu da kuma kiwon lafiya a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattara asali bayanai a kan batun.

Mene ne ERP

fallout tsari (rage tsawon - - MDP) A hali na musamman tsara amfani da radiation bala'i. Kuma sunã bautã wa kare jama'a da ionizing radiation, wanda ake lura a lokacin kamuwa da cuta daga cikin radiation yankin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, suna amfani domin neman kariya daga ionizing radiation (ciki har da neutron juyi), hasken watsi da tura kalaman (partially) lamba tare da tufafi da kuma fata na mutum guba, rediyoaktif abubuwa, da kuma nazarin halittu (kwayan) jamiái.

Lokaci-lokaci duba FRA samar da Moe. Moscow, misali, yana da dubban mafaka, wasu daga cikinsu ba up kasuwanci kungiyoyi. Domin sarrafa a sha'anin matakin, gundumomi da kuma yankuna inda suke located, don ƙirƙirar musamman hukumar. Sun hada da wakilan da daban-daban Hukumomin shara'a, ICE da FEMA. Moscow - babban birnin kasar mu, don haka jihar na ERP shi bari sau da yawa. Kula ya kamata a dauka ba to rushe zuba a cikin su.

Materials da kuma wurare domin MDP

Fallout mafaka sau da yawa ana gudanar a basements na daban-daban gine-gine. Wani lokaci yana iya gina qirqiro freestanding tsari. A saboda wannan dalili, masana'antu yi kayan kamar tubali, kankare prefabricated abubuwa, mirgina, kazalika da gida abu (duwatsu, itace, da dai sauransu). A bango kauri a cikin wannan hali ya zama Mai isa ga kariya. Abin da suka kasance thicker, da mafi m zai zama mafaka. A treeless yankunan, idan babu sauran gine kayan, yana yiwuwa ya gina wani PRU na fascines, wanda aka sanya na kyauro, twigs, bambaro, kara, sunflower, masara stalks.

All recessed yanki dace da manufar kariya, za a iya saba da fallout tsari. Wannan cellars, basements, kogwanni, karkashin kasa gudanar, kayan lambu store. Fit da surface gine-gine, da ganuwar da aka sanya daga kayan da cewa suna da m Properties. Yankin a cikin wannan harka iya zama daban-daban.

pressurization

Don bunkasa m kaddarorin da shãfe haske taga takware, kazalika da ƙarin doorways. A zoba zuba ƙasa Layer. Idan ya cancanta, daga waje protruding sama da surface daga cikin ganuwar sa datti podsypku.

Hatimcewa aka samu da hankali sealing daga cikin ramukan, fasa da crevices a cikin rufi da ganuwar, jamsin na ƙofar, ya taga takware, da shigar da ruwa da kuma dumama bututu. Har ila yau shi na samar da wani alhẽri kofofin abin da ya kamata upholster ji, da shirayin a rufe yi na ji ko da wani m m nama.

iska

Idan wani karamin yanki na cikin dakin, airing irin mafaka tsara don saukar da wani fiye da mutane 30, na faruwa ta halitta ta hanyar shaye da kuma wadata iska ducts. A farko don ƙirƙirar gogayya yi game da 1.5-2 m sama da biyu. Bugu da kari, ba siffar visors a kan iska ducts (su m m). A shigar sa m-cancantar damper aka rufe a lokacin da barazana da rediyoaktif fallout.

ciki na'urar

Idan sarari cewa adapts da tsari ba sanye take da Sewerage da ruwan famfo, ya sa shi a cikin ruwa tanki. Yana dole ne game da 3-4 lita mutum kowace rana. To gina rami latrines ko waje marufi. A tsari sanya sigogi, bencina ko ƙirãza yi nufi ga abinci. A dakin da aka hasken da šaukuwa lantarki fitilu ko daga waje samar da wutar lantarki.

kariya factor

M mafaka antiradiation Properties ne daban-daban. Domin kimantawa amfani da nuna alama kamar wani kariya factor. Ya yayi Magana game da yadda da yawa sau da wannan tsari rage radiation kashi. Wannan factor ne rinjayi mutane da yawa dalilai. Wall kauri, da kayan daga wanda an yi su ne, da dai sauransu sealability retrofitted ciki na gine-gine ko basements iya zama da dama dubun ko ma daruruwan sau don su kara m Properties. Alal misali, a basements na gidajen sanye take yi na itace, kariya factor kai 100, yayin da dutse - 1000. A} alla 7-12 sau attenuate radiation cellar unequipped da kuma dakunan rage daukan hotuna zuwa 350-400 sau. Saboda haka, ya boye cikin sauki irin da low kariya factor, mafi m - mafi girma.

Yadda za a nuna hali a mafaka

Akwai wasu dokoki na gudanarwa a filin rabawa. Fallout mafaka cika up azumi da kuma shirya. A farko wuri a cikin tsari tsalle yara, tsofaffi mutane da kuma mata da yara. Suna located a yankunan kaddamarda musamman domin su. A mutumin a cikin wani tsari, don kai da samar da abinci na kwana biyu (a nade a cikin roba). Ya kamata kuma da takardu na bayan gida, na sirri m kayan aiki (na wanda za mu tattauna daga baya) da kuma wani m na sirri mallakarmu duka.

Strong-ƙanshi da flammable abubuwa da aka haramta don kawo a cikin ERP. Har ila yau, da ba su kai ga wani Pet, kai ƙato abubuwa. A gabatarwa ba zai iya tafiya unnecessarily. Babu bukatar haske da wani gida da aka yi fitilu, kyandirori, kananzir fitilu ba tare da izni. Mutanen da suka kasance a ɓoye, dole a bi dokoki da duk umarnin da bukatun na shugaba.

A ƙarshe daga cikin tsari da aka yi, ko matsayin da ake bukata, ko "Kayi watsi" bayan da sauti. Idan babban jimloli suna cike up, shi ne da za'ayi ta hanyar mafitar gaggawa. A cikin hali na rashi na karshen wajibi ne a dauki matakan for share da blockage da kuma bude kofofin sojojin mutane da zama a cikin tsari.

Yadda za a kare kanka daga radiation?

All radiation kafofin gudanar da wani babban hadarin. Duk da wannan, akwai hanyoyin da za a kare da daukan hotuna. Nada fallout mafaka ne domin rage mummunan tasirin radiation. Duk da haka, shi ba zai iya gaba daya kawar da cutarwa effects. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a kare kanka daga shi. Su za a iya raba 3 iri: nesa, lokaci, da kuma na sirri m kayan aiki. A takaice dai look at kowane daga cikinsu.

kariya lokaci

Jigon wannan hanya na kariya ne domin rage tsawon zaman da mutum kusa da radiation Madogararsa. Cutar da mu lafiya ne mafi girma, da ya fi tsayi ba mu da nisa daga tushen radiation. Wannan hanya na kariya da ake amfani da, musamman, domin kawar da da nuclear hatsari. Liquidators da aka bai kawai 'yan mintuna don kammala aikinsu da kuma komawa zuwa wani hadari yankin. Yana da matukar m sakamakon sakamakon timeout lokacin wanda zai iya zama a cikin shafa yankin. Karuwan daukan hotuna, haddasa radiation cuta na iya faruwa.

kariya nesa

Lokacin da wani abu da aka gano, wanda shi ne tushen radiation, da hatsari ga mutum kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa, wajibi ne ya motsa daga shi zuwa wani nesa inda radiation da kuma bango radiation bata wuce halatta iyaka. Bugu da kari, da radiation tushen za a iya dauka daga gare binne ko sa shi a cikin wani hadari yankin.

Personal kariya kayan aiki

Wani lokaci ya zama dole don gudanar da wani aiki a cikin yankunan da high radiation bango. Alal misali, wannan ba za a iya kauce masa lokacin da hadarin a nukiliya ikon shuka ko a wurin aiki a kan da dama masana'antu Enterprises, wanda mafitan radiation. A waɗannan wurare ya kamata a yi m radiation monitoring. Akwai ba zai iya zama ba tare da kariya. Shi ne m ga kiwon lafiya da kuma ko da rayuwar mutane. Domin irin haka, mutum radiation kariya nufin an halitta. Yana fuska daga kayan, jinkirta wasu iri radiation. Bugu da kari, ga PPE hada coveralls.

Akwai da dama iri radiation dangane da cajin da kuma yanayi na radiation barbashi. Saboda haka, kariya nufin an sanya na daban-daban kayan yin tsayayya wasu iri radiation.

Domin kare kansu daga cikin radiation alpha, za ka iya sa a kan roba safar hannu, a respirator ko amfani na al'ada "shamaki" na takarda. Idan wani m beta-radiation, allon bukatar wani bakin ciki takardar na aluminum, gilashin ko plexiglass. Baruwan respirator ba zai iya kare mutum numfashi tsarin daga irin wannan radiation. A wannan yanayin, za ka bukatar wani gas mask.

By gamma radiation don kare kansu da mafi wuya. Kayan da ciwon da kariya a kan irin wannan radiation, dole ne a yi ta da karfe, jefa baƙin ƙarfe, gubar, tungsten ko wasu karafa da ciwon manyan taro. A cikin aiwatar da aikin a chernobye nukiliya ikon shuka don amfani tufafin da aka yi da gubar.

Daban-daban iri polyethylene shingen, polymers kuma ko da ruwa zai iya kare ku daga cũta lalacewa ta hanyar daukan hotuna zuwa neutron barbashi.

Abinci Additives da kayayyakin

Sinadirai masu kari sukan yi amfani da kare da radiation tare da fuska da kuma overalls. Suna bukatar da za a dauka baki ko dai kafin a kai ga radiation zone, ko bayan. A lokuta da dama, da suka taimaka ga rage mummunan tasiri da radionuclides a cikin jikin mutum.

Wasu abinci kuma taimaka wajen rage cutarwa sakamakon radiation. Daga cikin su ya kamata a lura da alkama, da fari gurasa, walnuts da radishes. A cikin wani karamin har wadannan abinci za a iya rage illar da radiation a kan mutum saboda kasancewar selenium, wanda ya hana da samuwar marurai sa ta, ciki har da radiation daukan hotuna. A cikin yaki tare da shi ne da kyau, da kuma kari sanya a kan tushen da algae (chlorella, kelp). Kawar da jiki na rediyoaktif nuclides sun shiga cikin shi, ko da partially m tafarnuwa da albasa.

"Ginseng" - wani tasiri ganye magani da radiation. An sayar a kowane kantin magani. Ya kamata a yi amfani da wani adadin na 40-50 saukad da sau biyu, kafin cin abinci. Bugu da kari, don rage taro na radionuclides a cikin jikin mutum taimaka tsantsa daga Eleutherococcus. Yana bukatar a yi amfani da wani adadin 0.25-0.5 teaspoon a rana shayi da safe da kuma a abincin rana. Domin kariya daga radiation ne amfani lungwort, shaidan da kuma Leuzea, wanda ake ma sayar a cikin kantin magani.

Ya kamata a lura cewa babu magani ba zai iya gaba daya kawar da cutarwa sakamakon radiation. Hanya mafi kyau don kare da shi - kauce wa lamba tare da gurbata abubuwa, kuma da zaran yiwu ga barin wurin, da ciwon ya karu radioactivity. Mafaka kuma fallout mafaka iya taimaka significantly rage mummunan tasiri da radiation, idan ba shi yiwuwa a bar wani hatsari wuri.