Ambaliyar taron. Faɗakar da jama'a game da gaggawa

Ya kamata a fara da definition na ruwan tufana. Yana da wani mai ruwa-ruwa zamani yanayin kogin. Wannan lokaci-lokaci gajere kiwon ruwan matakin a cikin koguna, wanda aka sa ta a karfi narkewa glaciers, snow, kuri'a na ruwan sama.

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin high ruwa daga ambaliya - lokacin da ya faru, wato - a kowane lokaci na shekara. M ambaliya iya kai wa ga ambaliya. A cikin shakka daga da motsi ambaliyar igiyar ruwa kafa ta kogin.

Ambaliyar Hazard?

Suna a matsayin wani batu na kasa da muhimmancin, kamar yadda a cikin lokaci da suka faru da dama da ɗari ƙauyuka kilomita tare da / gona, dubban hozpostroek kowace shekara ne a hadarin wani ruwan tufana. Idan bala'o'i ba za a iya fi mayar hamayya da fasaha ta zamani da kuma ci gaba a kimiyya, sakamakon zai iya sa babban abu lalacewa, ko da asarar rai.

Ruwan tsufana kariya

Natural, taimako, halitta hanyoyin kariya ne kasa counter da ambaliya na ruwa. Don tabbatar da kare lafiya na yankuna da suke a kan site na m ambaliya, nema dukan kayayyaki da cewa zai iya hana shi.

Wadannan ambaliyar kariya:

1. USAID System.
2. Organization daruna cewa riƙe ruwa.
3. Gina dams.

Jera gine-gine - wani ɓangare daga cikin ababen more rayuwa, da na halitta wuri mai faɗi, cityscape.

Gabatar da ambaliyar ruwa events unsa gagarumin kudi zuba jari. A wannan connection, ko da yaushe ta zauna ita a Topical batun game da search na mafita ga wannan matsala, wanda zai hada aiki yadda ya dace tare da tattalin arziki da amfani. Ganiya misali - kumshin dowels. Su yi amfani da damar don tabbatar da wani m kariya a kan bala'i, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, yayin da rike wani ruwan tekun Atlantika wuri mai faɗi (ƙato Tsarin fakowa ba).

Ambaliyar kariya: matakan

A karkashin wadannan yanayi, babban aiki na duk matakan da gwamnati da kuma gida kai gwamnati, da kuma gwamnatocin farar hula, bala'i - rigakafin (minimizing) da sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa, tabbatar da kariya na biyu da yawan da muhimmanci tattalin arziki wurare.

Ambaliyar kariya aka samu da al'amurra matakan da suka dace, wanda ya kasu kashi fasaha (m) da kuma na sarrafawa (gaggawa). A karshen kullum ba su warware dukkan matsaloli, su ya kamata a gudanar tare da fasaha. A karshen da m hali. Don aiwatar da su bukatar ci gaba da zane, yi Special Tsarin, wanda ya unsa gagarumin abu halin kaka.

Fasaha da matakan ambaliyar iko

Wadannan sun hada da:

• gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu tsari na kogin gado.
• obvalivanie.
• Ambaliyar ruwa kanti.
• dredging, straightening na kogin gadaje.
• tsari ga spillways dake kwarara.
• yi na musamman samar da wutar lantarki shigarwa.
• iyakance yi, a yankunan da ake zargin na ambaliya.
• kwanciya, da dai sauransu zastraivaemogo rabo.

Past kwarewa da wadannan ayyukan a kasar ta nuna cewa mafi m kariya yankunan (floodplain) na ambaliyar ruwa, kazalika da wani gagarumin tattalin arziki sakamako za a iya cimma kawai ta hanyar amfani da cikakken kewayon ayyuka: aiki m matakan (tsari na dake kwarara), m (ruslouglublenie, obvalivanie da kuma PR.).

Dalilai influencing da zabi na hanyar kariya

Akwai a kalla shida:

• da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin mulki na watercourse.
• geotechnical, hydrogeological yanayi;
• wuri na tattalin arziki da wurin, batun ambaliya.
• topography.
• samuwan injiniya Tsarin cikin ambaliyar ruwa a fili da kuma a cikin layi (dams, hanyoyi, dams, gadoji, intakes, da dai sauransu ..).

Key yankunan for mataki karkashin barazana ambaliya

Su ne:

1. Analysis na halin da ake ciki tare da ganewa kafofin annabta lokaci ambaliya.
2. Ƙimar na zargin sikelin da ambaliya.
3. Development of matakan hana shi.
4. Planning, shirye-shiryen ceto ayyukan a kan ƙasa na zargin ambaliya.
5. Dauke da fitar anti-ambaliyar matakan.

Mafi sau da yawa, a dukkan matakai na yanke shawara na kananan hukumomi kafa ambaliyar hukumar, su shugabannin yawanci 1st mataimakin daga cikin shuwagabannin Administration.

Ruwan tsufana Hukumar

Su ne a karkashin barazana da ambaliya aiki a yanayin jiran aiki. Wadannan kwamitocin gudanar da wadannan ambaliyar kariya:

1. Zagaye agogon saka idanu na ambaliyar ruwa halin da ake ciki a yankin da alhakin haɗe zuwa post amfani Roshydromet nasu lura.
2. Kasancewa m sadarwa, da musayar bayanai da hukumar kula da gaggawa, aiki wajibi gwamnatocin farar hula, bala'i.
3. Gudanar da horo a ambaliyar batutuwa, kungiyar na horo da mutane yadda za su dõra, yi a lokacin zuwan ruwan tufana.
4. Aika rahotanni zuwa sama hukumomi.
5. Bayani, gyara protivopavodnyh mataki tsare-tsaren, dangane da rinjaye halin da ake ciki.
6. Bisa shawarar da shugaban karamar hukumar kungiyar ta gudanar a kan wajibi zagaye agogon ceto kokarin, kudi.
7. Bayyanãwa yankunan wucin gadi sake ma su matsugunni da mazauna wanda gidajen da aka cika da ruwa, suka hallakar da kungiyar na horo na jama'a gine-gine (kulake, makarantu), tanti sansanonin zuwa gidan evacuees a gare su.
8. Bunƙasa wani mafaka hanya.
9. Yana azurta evacuees da duk dole.
10. Coordination tare da cikakken yankin jikin na Rasha Interior ma'aikatar, karamar game da kariya na dukiya, wanda ya a cikin flooded yankin.
11. Organization na Agogon wajibi na sa idanu da ruwa matakin canje-canje a duk kafofin ambaliyar ruwa.
12. Saka hannu cikin kungiyar, kayan aiki detours maimakon flooded hanyoyi.
13. Control na ƙarfafa riga gina dams obvalivany, da gina sababbi.
14. Organization, tabbatarwa da hulda da Rasha ma'aikatar tsaro, ma'aikatar harkokin na Rasha ƙungiyoyin Roshydromet, da All-Russian Bala'i Medicine Service.

Alerting yawan: ainihi, halaye na watsa

A matsayin bayar da tasu gudunmuwar factor a cikin ni'imar gaggawa faru na tsoro tsakanin yawan jama'a. Hango sakamakon irin sentiments daga cikin manyan taro na yawan ne da wuya sosai, sun ƙarfafa cikin illar da bala'i.

Don rage su, kuma kungiyar na ayyuka da nufin tabbatar da rayuwar mutane, kayayyakin more rayuwa, ƙauyuka Ƙararrawa gabatar daukar kwayar cutar a gaba, da kuma hanya don sanar da game da su.

Faɗakar da jama'a game da gaggawa - ta gargadi game da game da ambaliyar ruwa (girgizar asa, gandun daji gobara, da dai sauransu ..), The watsa bayanai game da hadarin, bala'i. A saboda wannan dalili, nema duk data kasance hanyar aike rediyo da talabijin da ãyõyinMu.

A kasar mu ne tartsatsi isasshen tasiri Broadcasting Network. Broadcasting raka'a suna samuwa a duk birane, manyan garuruwa. Fiye da rabin na aluma, makarantu, s / s abubuwa ne gida watsa shirye-shirye cibiyar. Wadannan suna taimaka wani mai iko da tsarin na yankin, yanki, gidan talabijin na kasa cibiyoyin, repeaters, da kuma watsa shirye-shirye tashoshin.

Faɗakar da jama'a game da gaggawa samar da sirens, waya watsa labarai networks watsa shirye-shirye domin 2-3 minti.

Tsohon ake nufi aika wata sigina "Hankali duk!" Yawan jama'a. Wannan alama ya janyo hankalin mutanen da ta da hankali ga bukatar sauraron kara asali, gaggawa jijjiga sakonni ga GO. Yana yana ba fiye da 165 seconds.

A saboda wannan dalili, shi za a iya amfani da whistles motocin masana'antu. Har ila yau quite tasiri wajen alerting da jama'a dake waje da gida - waje jawabai.

Karkara warware: ambaliyar kariya matakan

Mai ambaliyar inundation, ambaliya ne mai yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen, rage asarar daga gare su. Don wannan karshen, da wadannan da ambaliyar ruwa events a yankunan karkara:

• halitta ambaliyar kwamitin za a duba dams, weirs, dukan da ba na mutuwa makamai.
• Yana kuma sanar da jama'a game da yadawa barazana.
• idan ya cancanta, da ambaliyar ruwa Hukumar tura injiniya (misali, gina embankment, digging musamman magudanun ruwa tashoshi, da dai sauransu).
• shi shaci hanyoyi na fitarwa.

Yi site: ambaliyar kariya matakan

A ambaliyar don aiwatar da aikin ceto ma'aikatan agaji suna amfani, wanda ke sanye take da wajen flotation. Su gudanar da bincike na shafa, wadanda kama a cikin ruwan tsufana zone, samar da su tare da taimakon farko, fitad da su zuwa ga mafi aminci wurare. Shi ne yanzu zai yiwu a hango ko hasashen farko da ruwan tsufana lokaci, halinshi, sa'an nan shirya zama dole rigakafi.

Duk da ruwan tsufana kula da matakan a yi site kamata a bayar a cikin zane mataki na gina wani musamman abu. Yana gina dams, wucin gadi na musamman wasan zorro jumper ga ci gaba shiri na babban gine-gine a wasu batu. Ga kowane shugaban akayi daban-daban gyarawa yanki na nauyin. Dole kuma a za'ayi Agogon saka idanu na ruwa daga.

Girman kudi ambaliyar kariya da aka saita a kan tushen da takamaiman data m ga aikin for yi. A wannan yanayin, idan kana so a gudanar da ambaliyar kula da matakan a yi site, da kudi ga wadannan dalilai, za a kafa a kan tushen da kudin kimomi na aikin kayan.