Ekoarhitektura: description, fasali, ban sha'awa da kuma facts reviews

Ekoarhitektura - musamman gine-gine da ra'ayi, wanda daukan la'akari, da farko, kuma farkon, muhalli dalilai a cikin zane na mutum muhalli. A ka'idodi na wannan ra'ayi, tsara ta Italian m Paolo Soleri. Har ila yau a karkashin ekoarhitekturoy fahimta da ra'ayin na ganin cewa saboda tsararren hyperstructures su saukar da wani yawan guda birni iya rage korau mutum tasiri a kan muhalli.

Ta yaya ra'ayin ekoarhitektury?

Ekoarhitektura tashi bayan da ya bayyana cewa birane shiri fara zauna unnecessarily babban yankin. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya fara dauki siffar a kasashen da dama. Lalacewar yanayi, wanda aka yi amfani da su cikin gari, yana da nauyi ƙwarai.

Babban kashi na wannan gine-gine da ra'ayi ne da rage daga cikin yankin sun shagaltar da birane mazauna, saboda da muhallinsa na uku girma gipersturkturu. Marubucin Paolo Soleri ideas aka ba iyakance na musamman ga muhalli sharudda. Ya fara samar da aikin da kuma a cikin zaman jama'a Sphere. Bisa ga shirin, sabon hyperstructures aka kamata su taimaka mafi shiryawa, mafi girma amfani da jama'a kai. Daga qarshe, wannan zai haifar da wani karuwa a yawan yawa. A daidai wannan lokaci zai taimaka wa rabu da mafi yawan matsalolin muhimmi a megacities.

Abin lura shi ne cewa ba Soleri farko je sama tare da wannan ra'ayin. Kare Muhalli gine na farko da aka bayyana, kamar yadda yakan faru ne, a wani aiki na gwaninta. Ideas cewa ya dangane Soleri, da farko kayyade a cikin sci-fi labari "sleeper Awakes" Gerbert Uells.

Fassarawa ideas cikin gaskiya

A halin yanzu, mafi mashahuri zane na gine-gine da ra'ayi kira Arcosanti. Yana da wani gari a Amurka, tsara ta Soleri tukuna. Tun shekarar 1970, ta yi shi ne m dalibai. Ya gana da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda "ekoarhitektura".

A wannan yanayin, shi ba za a dauke nasara. Duk da yake cikin shiri da aka tsara don 3-5 mutane dubu rayuwa a cikinsa kawai game da 100 masu sa kai. A lokaci guda a kan wannan shafin iya nasarar aiwatar da ilimi da kuma yawon shakatawa ayyukan. A halin yanzu Arcosanti janyo hankalin a kan 5000 mutane a kowace shekara.

Me yi da kamfanin karkashin sunan "Ekoarhitektura"

A Rasha a yau ba ya hadu da wadannan matsugunai, amma shi ya bude da yawa daga cikin kamfanonin da aiki a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri alaka da yanayi. Yawancin su suna kira - "Ekoarhitektura".

Wasu daga cikin su, misali, tsunduma cikin gaggawa biya wholesale abinci. Haka kuma, kayayyakin da expiring ko ƙare, matsala batches kayayyakin abinci da sauran illiquid. Ltd. ke tsunduma a cikin "Ekoarhitektura" (Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin). Daga bisani abinci ne saboda sake sana'antawa. Wannan na samar babba taimako ga muhalli.

Akwai wani kamfanin a Yekaterinburg, da ake kira "EkoArhitektura". Zubar da sharar gida - da babban shugabanci na ta aiki. Its masana suna shirye su taimaka rabu da IV Hazard aji sharar gida. Kamfanin tattara da kuma iri iri iri daban-daban na sharar gida, suna bada cikakken kunshin takardun, da kuma muhalli da rahoto.

Ecostyle gine

A zamani zane da kuma gine Ecostyle quite na kowa. Wannan gaye da kuma ainihin shugabanci. Ya sarrafa babban yawan bincike ayyukan da monographs. Alal misali, wannan labarin ma'aikata na Kharkiv National Academy of Municipal Tattalin Arziki Krivitskaya A. kuma N. Krivoruchko kira "Ekoarhitektura matsayin adana daga cikin halitta firam".

A aikin da aka sadaukar domin birane biyu - Kharkov, kuma Belgorod. Su, a cewar masana kimiyya, na iya zama wani misali da wani sabon nau'in birane agglomerations. A halin yanzu, masana'antu sharar gida, iska, tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya da kuma yanayin tsafta muhimmanci worsen mutum mai rai yanayi a birnin.

Saboda haka, kawai da zane na sabuwar ekostruktur yayin da tsare da halitta tsarin na shiyya tsarin a Metropolitan yankunan iya ajiye yanzu muhalli halin da ake ciki.

sharudda ekoarhitektury

Don aiyukan-tech gine daidai da zamani ideas game da wannan ra'ayi, shi ya kamata zo karkashin takamaiman sharudda.

Da fari dai, shi ne makamashi ceto. Wajibi ne a rage girman da amfani da roba kafofin samar da makamashi. Na biyu, da yin amfani da kayan gini na musamman na halitta asalin, wanda shi ne ma iya kai-sabunta. Wannan, misali, itace. Irin wannan dabarar ba za ta bukatar zuriyar wadannan kayan.

Na uku, to da bukatar yi wa ginin a matsayin mai rai kwayoyin. Architecture ya kamata a gani a matsayin mai rai yanayi. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa gidan ne ma "numfasawa" tare da sau "girma," sa'an nan "Fade."

Huxu, a duk duniyoyin rayuwa shi ne zama dole domin rage cutarwa tasiri a kan muhalli. Kuma a karshe, na karshe - da yin amfani da wuraren kusa da yanayi. Da kuma sanin abin da kuke a fili bukatar daidai da wannan tsari.

Modern ekoarhitekturnye ayyukan

A ra'ayi na aiyukan-gine ayyukan da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, yana bunkasa a duniya. A daukan hankali misali - "ja da baya gidan" a Argentina, ya aiki ya bayyana a shekarar 1975.

Babban inspirer, da m Emilio Ambash, ta yi ciki da wannan "black square" a gine. Bisa ga shirin, ya aka kamata su, kazalika da zane-zane na Malevich, to alamar karshen art da kuma ba da damar yin amfani da sabon gaskiya na spiritualistic.

Amma lokacin da gidan har yanzu da aka gina a shekarar 2005, ya zama wata alama ce "halitta" hanyarsa ta rayuwa, wanda shi ne don haka rare a yau.

The rai bariki na "House of sirrin" boye a cikin tudu da suke mafĩfĩta tunani. A wani tudu gina bango biyu tare da ladders, wanda rarraba a wani m kwana. An zaci cewa mutumin da ya kasance iya kaiwa haskakarka, ya dauke su sama da launin toka gaskiya.

Wani ekoarhitekturny aikin ake aiwatar a cikin Japan birnin Fukuoka. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan biranen a cikin Asia kasar, wanda yake shan wahala daga wani catastrophic karancin sarari.

A tarihin wannan aikin ya fara a 1995, lokacin da ta zama dole a gina wani cibiyar al'adu. Sai ya juya daga cewa kawai wuri domin irin wannan mai gina birni hukumomin iya bayar a cikin birni wurin shakatawa, da girman abin da yake ba fiye da biyu birni tubalan.

Domin kada ya sare shakatawa, an yanke shawarar daukar wani 15-storey skyscraper a cibiyar al'adu, da rikewa, kuma haka 'yan a Japan greenery. A skyscraper housed nuni sarari da kuma taro dakunan, gidajen tarihi da kuma art sarari.

A daidai wannan lokaci da ganye daga adana shakatawa yakan a kudancin facade na ginin, sa shi kama daya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya - gidãjen Aljanna na Babila.

Saboda haka, kimantawa da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda ekoarhitektura iya fuskantar da mai saɓani nassoshi. A daya hannun, masana nuna da kyau al'amurran - a gaskiya, wadannan ayyukan taimaka yanayi da kuma kiyaye muhalli. A daya hannun, kwararru da yawa sun nuna cewa, a mataki na aiwatar da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin masu tsada sosai, sun ciyar da kudi mai yawa unnecessarily.

A kauyen Dietikon

Wani ekoarhitekturny aikin da bukatar in gaya maka - shi ne wani kauye Dietikon (Switzerland), ya kafa, Peter Fechem.

Ta bayyana a cikin 1993, a fannin karamin gari na Dietikon. A 'yan shekarun baya, lokacin da fuska daga cikin film "Ubangijin Zobba", da yan unguwa da ake kira samu kusa da su Swiss kauyen Middle-ƙasa.

A farko karkashin kasa gidan Fech gina baya a cikin 1970s. Tun daga nan, a Dietikon da ya gudanar ya kafa tara karkashin kasa da Tsarin daban-daban masu girma dabam. Daga 60 zuwa 250 square mita. Sun kasance sũ ne sosai kama da gidaje hobbits na Tolkien ta tãtsũniyõyin.

Sun so da kuma mutane. Rufin gona da ciyawa da sauƙi kare gidajensu daga ruwa, iska, da kuma yanayin zafi žwarai. Haka kuma yana taimaka wa ciyar da yawa ƙasa da makamashi fiye da wata al'ada gida. Wadannan gine-gine ne cikakken m ga muhalli.

tsaye gonaki

tsaye farm yi aikin da aka haife cikin ganuwar na Jami'ar Columbia a Amurka. A cewar ta masana kimiyya, ta 2050 birnin za ta motsa zuwa 80% na Duniya ta mazaunan. Bugu da ƙari, cikin al'ada na cin ecologically tsabta da kayayyakin gona har yanzu zama.

Don warware wannan matsala, Pierre Sartoux da Augustin Rozenstil samarwa wani daftarin na tsaye gonaki. Wannan skyscrapers cika da greenhouses da corrals. A manyan yawan irin wannan wurare a nan gaba zai ba da damar ciyar da goma mutane biliyan, wanda ta 2050 zai zauna cikin Duniya.

Organic gidan

Wani aikin da yake bukatar kulawa - kwayoyin gida Gaetano Pesce. A farkon almara ya duba kamar itacen oak, wanda aiki a matsayin tushe na tushen da kuma kambi - rufin.

Daga qarshe, da gidan ya zama wani bamboo ɗan kurmi, neman kawai sama. Ta bayyana a cikin tsakiyar duk da haka wani Japan birni - Osaka. A shekarar 1993, ginin kawai fashe siffa uniformity na classic Asian kasuwanci gundumar. Scarlet facade daga gidan da aka yi wa ado da kwayoyin flower tukwane. Suna girma kusan iri daban-daban na shrubs cewa za a iya samu a cikin wannan yanayi zone. Wannan ne bayyananne misali na ekoarhitektury a rayuwa.