Dzhon Uotson: biography, photos John B. Watson

Dzhon Brodes Uotson - adadi, kahu sosai a tarihin m bada. Ba haka ba da dadewa, a farkon na XX karni, da kimiyya duniya koya game da behaviorism ka'idar. Sa'an nan ta nan da nan ya sa da yawa daga jayayya a cikin dacewa da'ira, amma har yanzu ya ci gaba da girma. A yanzu lokaci abu ne mai wuya ya sadu da mabiya, amma rinjayar behaviorism ya yaɗu zuwa kusan dukkan fannoni na rayuwa, da kuma ta fasahar ci gaba da za a yi amfani da fāɗin duniya.

yara

Dzhon Uotson (1878-1958) an haife shi a South Carolina, a cikin karamin gari na Matafiya Allahi. Mahaifinsa, Paykens Watson jagoranci wani dissolute rai, saboda abin da ya faru a cikin gidan kullum cuta da kuma scandals ba ta gushe ba. Wannan ya kai ga cewa shekaru 13 bayan haihuwar danta ya baba bar iyali. A sakamakon haka, yaron bar mai zurfi wani tunanin rauni. Uwarsa Emma kuwa mai addini da yanayi, wanda ya haddasa m yaro-rearing ayyuka, kazalika da kusan cikakkiyar babu 'yancin zabi domin kara shiriya. Kuma idan a cikin shekaru 22 Dzhon Uotson rasa mahaifiyarsa, shi ne quite yiwu cewa duniya zai taba jin irin wannan a rarrabe psychologist, kamar yadda tã himmantu da wani dan firist ta aiki.

matasa

Bayan kammala karatu a shekarar 1900 Baptist School a Jami'ar Fermanagh, ya bar garinsu da kuma ya tafi zuwa Chicago domin su gaba ilimi. Dzhon Uotson zo a cikin gida reshe na falsafa, amma saboda yanayin koyarwa, ya barta da kimiyya da shawara da kuma fa, tã idanu to tunani. Bayan kawai 3 shekaru, ya kare doctoral taƙaitaccen labari a kan batun na dabba da horo, ga wanda ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a mahara berayen. Bayan da cewa ya kulawa don zama ƙarami dalibi a cikin tarihi na ma'aikata, samu wani mataki, shi ne kuma na farko wanda ya sadaukar da irin wannan babban-sikelin aiki kwarewa a kan wadannan hakori. Wannan batu aka gano a yankunan domin kara aiki da Yahaya da delimit gaba da bincike.

behaviorism

Bayan shekaru biyu daga ranar ya zama wani likita na kimiyya Dzhon Brodes Uotson aka kira su zuwa ga shugaban sashen na gwaji Psychology , a Jami'ar Baltimore. Ya kaitonmu amince, game da shi, bude up more kuma mafi damar da za a nutsa cikin nasu karatu da kuma gwaje-gwajen. Wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa an haɗa da ci gaban da ra'ayi da wanda masanin kimiyya sunan a cikin tarihin tarihi. Ya zama wani marubuci kuma bin ka'idar behaviorism, wanda ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a manifesto taken "Psychology daga mahangar wani behaviorist." Ya karanta shi a bainar jama'a Fabrairu 24, 1913, wani yini wanda za a iya gani da haihuwa na wannan yankin a ranar dama. Watson gaya wa duniya cewa tunani ne mafi haƙiƙa kimiyya alaka da filin na halitta kimiyya. Ya soki ta yanzu matsayi da kuma darajar, yana cewa ta nazari karyata dogara a kan wani mutum ta ciki duniya, ya tunani da kuma juyayinsu. Ganin cewa zai zama m mayar da hankali a kan na waje hali, kazalika da bayanan da za a iya tabbatar da gwaje.

kimiyya aiki

Saboda da sabon abu na ka'idar da ta m raya kasa, Dzhon Uotson ne a kan saman yawa a cikin kimiyya al'umma. Albashi da aka kara sau biyu, da gudanar da bincike dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka ƙara a size, kuma daga dalibai fata don halartar karatu, babu saki. A 1915 aka nada ga post na shugaban na Amirka, M Association. Wadannan shekaru za a iya kira da heyday na behaviorism shugabanci. Publications daraja masanin kimiyya sa'an nan ya bayyana a daban-daban wallafe, kuma ya shirya fita 2 kimiyya mujallar. A shekara ta 1914, ya bibliography ne a bayansa da muhimmanci sosai aiki "Halayyar: An Gabatarwa zuwa Comparative Psychology," a cikin abin sani a matsayin abu na tunani yana qaryata gaba daya. Ka'idarsa kuma karbi m aikace-aikace, da kuma Watson kansa Masters ma'adanin na tsakaita mutum hali.

Personal rai

Duk da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar kafa behaviorism aure ya dalibi Mary Ickes. Duk da cewa ma'auratan 'ya'ya biyu, da aure ba za a iya kira cin nasara. A 1920, wani so daga cikin matasa, masanin kimiyya digiri na biyu dalibi halakar da ba kawai aure, amma kuma duk wani cin nasara aiki, ya ya aka gina domin shekaru masu yawa. Wife samu shaidar romantic rubutu miji da buga su a cikin latsa, wanda ya sa m abin kunya. Daga yanzu, ba daga abin da koyarwa na iya zama babu tambaya. Divorce ya sosai m, amma duk da wannan, Rozaliya Reyner da Dzhon Uotson, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a kasa, nan da nan aure. A sakamakon wannan aure, ya kasance nasara baya daya, da aka haife biyu mafi Watson, duka biyu boys. Rosalie bar wannan duniya ma da wuri, kafin mata domin shekaru 23. John sha wahala mai nauyi asara, amma har yanzu ci gaba da aiki. Duk da haka, tuni a wani dan kadan daban-daban shugabanci.

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A matsayin dalibi, da ya yi lokacin da za a ziyarci wani dakin gwaje-gwaje, a sarkin ƙofa har ma da sabis, amma a nan gaba shi ne 'yan kaxan mutane kula, saboda ya riga ya zama duniya shahara kamar yadda Dzhon Uotson - a psychologist. Scandal da cin amanar kasa tilasta masa ya nemi sabon yankunan ga aiwatar da su, da kuma da ya so da m ikon yinsa, daga aikace-aikace na ilmi tsiwirwirinsu. Don zama takamaimai, ya bar tare da kai a cikin talla. A waɗannan lokuta, wannan mun gwada sabon yanki da ake bukata cikakken bincike don gano halayyar na kula da sunadaran na masu amfani da. Kuma shi ne wannan iko bautar wani tsakiyar matsayi a cikin masana'antu na tunani, saboda haka Yahaya da kansa nutsa cikin wani talla aiki. Ya fara, kamar wani, daga kasa, a daya daga cikin hukumomin na New York a karkashin iko da Stanley Rizora. Tare da sauran 'yan takara, sai ya shũɗe duk matakai na aiki, har ma a duk da ya yalwa a cikin ilmi da kimiyya nasarori. A tsawon lokaci, ya loosens up, saya sabon basira da kuma gaba daya nutsa cikin ciniki tunani, da ake ji da arziki na su theories cikin yi. Saboda haka, ya kulawa da tashi zuwa ga daraja da mataimakin shugaban kasar na kamfanin kuma zauna a wannan wuri shekaru da dama.

Legacy Watson

Aiki a cikin talla masana'antu, Dzhon Uotson ci gaba da sa su kimiyya theories a cikin littafin. Bayan mutuwarsa, nan gaba ƙarnõni na masana ilimin tunani da kuma theorists zama da dama ayyuka, ciki har da "behaviorism", "Hanyoyi na behaviorism" da "m yaro kula." Daga cikin shahararrun mabiya, wanda ya yi aiki a kan ka'idar kara, za mu iya rarrabe Burres Skinner, wanda, tare da sauran abokan aiki gudanar ya cimma gabatarwa na behaviorism. Duk da haka, manufar da ya akai-akai, an hõre mai tsanani zargi, domin mafi yawan bangare saboda gaskiyar cewa mafi kama da wani ba} in kayan aiki. A m shekaru, ta nazari ya tafi zuwa tasgaronsa, da barin kõme ba, fãce da wani sa na dama dabaru, da kuma wannan rana amfani da cinikayya, siyasa da kuma sauran duniyoyin.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwa da mutuwa

Shekaru da dama bayan rasuwar matarsa wani tsohon malamin yanke shawarar da ya janye daga talla kasuwanci, da kuma shirya a kan wani m gona. Akwai kuma mai rai daga ta kwanaki na arshe na Dzhon Uotson. Biography of ransa yanke takaice a shekarar 1958. A 'yan watanni a baya, da jam'iyya, a cikin abin da ya kasance da sau daya shugaba hada shi a cikin jerin girmamawa members. Yana bai taimaka manta da cin mutumci, saboda da zarar ya aka hana ya ƙaunataccen aiki, da yancin zauna wasu wurare, don haka a cikin wannan shekara a wanda ya bar wannan duniya, ya shirya wata wuta a cikin yadi, bada yawa kimiyya takardunku harshen wuta. Yana zama na karshe amsa kuwwa na akalla wasu ayyuka Watson, amma wannan harka bai shãfe wani suna, domin shi da gudummawar da tunani na Watson sanya shi daya daga cikin ababuwa masana kimiyya na karni na karshe.