Duniya ta ajiye kudin - shi ne ... nawa ajiye ago a duniya?

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa a yau duniya, kudi yana mai nauyi muhimmanci. Abin da ke faruwa tare da tattalin arzikin na Rasha da aka kai tsaye alaka ba kawai na kudin man fetur, da halin da ake ciki a Ukraine, amma kuma tare da kudi kasuwa. Duniya ta ajiye kudin - shi ne, na farko, wasu katakon ninkaya, a kan wanda Rasha jama'a ji da ɗan mafi aminci. A ruble ya ko da yaushe aka dauke ba sosai a barga, amma ya dauki wani da suka cancanta wuri a cikin kudi kasuwa. Abin baƙin ciki, saboda gaskiyar cewa kasa ruble a cikin 'yan behaves sosai bai tabbata ba, da yawa sun zaba don adana su tanadi ne duniya ta ajiye kudin. Abin da irin kudi za a iya rightfully dauke a matsayin irin wannan? Bayan duk, a cikin kudi kasuwa ne da yawa daban-daban kudin raka'a cewa za a iya dauke su dogara. Yadda duniya ta ajiye kudin kuma me ya sa suka zaba a matsayin irin "neman"?

Mene ne a ajiye kudin?

Modern kasuwanci al'umma a karkashin manufar a duniya ajiye kudin fahimci monetary naúrar, wanda ake bukata bankuna zuwa wasu jihohin ga halittar wani kudin reserves. Da farko, shi ne amfani da wani kayan aiki ga cinikayya tsakanin kasashe. Har ila yau amfani a cikin rawar da kasa da kasa dukiya, da kafa karfi dangantaka tsakanin biyu jagorancin ago. Sau da yawa da lokaci da ake amfani da su koma ga monetary raka'a a banki ta asusun da wasu kungiyoyi. A baya can, wadannan da aka yi amfani da kudin dangane da zinariya da man fetur kasuwanni, kuma, da ita kayyade darajar da wadannan albarkatu. Yau aka yafi amfani ga jari na kasashen waje musayar reserves, kazalika da inganta fitarwa dama daga gasar ta raunanar da kansa kudin.

Duniya ta ajiye kudin - wani irin "aminci matashi" a taron na kudi rashin zaman lafiya. Amma da farko shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan monetary reserves bauta a matsayin wani aminci net a hali na rikicin kudi. Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa weakening na kasa kudin, da inganta shi cikin duniya ta ajiye kudin. Me daidai - la'akari da kara.

Yadda yawa ajiye ago a duniya?

An dade an san cewa ajiye kudin zai iya zama cikakken wani kudin. Don yin wannan, kawai bukatar tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali a kasar, kazalika da rashi na juyin juya hali da kuma sauran tunkaro. Amma ko da idan kudin ne barga, da hannu a duniya ciniki kuma Ya ɓullo da kudi kasuwa, shi ba ya nufin cewa yana da matsayi na ajiye naúrar. Bayan duk wannan matsayi saya kudi kawai bayan da manyan bankuna a wasu kasashen an fara yin amfani da su domin kare lafiya na nasu hannun jari. Sabõda haka, shi dai itace cewa duniya ta ajiye kudin - mai monetary naúrar, wanda tsayar da aiki na wani zuba jari kadara. A halin yanzu, ajiye kudi suna dauke su fiye da daya kudin. Da farko, shi ne, ba shakka, da US dollar (USD) kuma su ne kamar kowa Turai kudin Yuro (EUR), Japan yen (JPY), British laba (fam na Birtaniya), Swiss Franc (CHF), kazalika da dama sauransu. Yana da wadannan ago ne dukiya da mafi yawan jihohi.

Reserve Currency Dollar (USD)

A dollar zo da baya a 1861. Sa'an nan, a request na Congress aka buga kamar miliyan 57 banknotes. Ko da yake official ranar haihuwa na dollar ne har yanzu a dauke su 6 Yuli 1785. Wannan rana da aka hukuma da rajista. An yi imani da cewa dollar - duniya ta ajiye kudin №1. Lalle ne, a cikin shekaru goma, fiye da 50% na jimlar kasashen waje musayar reserves dukkan kasashen duniya da aka kiyasta daidai a cikin monetary naúrar. Me ne dollar aka duniya ajiye kudin da mazauna? Domin amsa wannan tambayar, kana bukatar 'yan qara a cikin tarihi.

Lokacin da sakamakon yakin duniya na biyu da aka riga barrantar, ya bayyana cewa ya zama dole su dauki m matakan. Saboda haka, a cikin gaba Congress na guda farashin 1 oza na man fetur a cikin adadin $ 35 da aka soma. Kuma cewa mafi yawan kasashen gane da Amurka dollar a matsayin guda shiri da kuma ajiye kudin. Kamar yadda ka sani, a lokacin yaki, Amurka ta tattalin arzikin ya sha fama da kalla, da zinariya reserves na Amurka ya kasance babban. Bugu da kari, Amurka na da wani iko da masana'antu. Wannan shi ne saboda da farko ya nuna gaskiyar cewa a kan cinikin kasuwar kasashen sau da yawa so don samun wani abu a sama. Wannan damar ba kawai Amurka kama wani shugaba a kasuwannin duniya, amma kuma ya karfafa tattalin arzikin kasar baki daya. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a wani lokaci da kasashen da za a ƙara tsunduma a cikin fitarwa, saboda wannan dabarun damar zuwa tara zinariya da kudin. Saboda haka ya faru da cewa Amurka tsunduma a cikin fitarwa na nasu kudin, samu da matsayi daga cikin barga kasashen, da dollar ya dauka jagorantar matsayi da kuma daraja.

Yuro (EUR) kamar yadda duniya ta ajiye kudin

A tarihin wannan kudin yana ta asalin a 1995. A lokacin wannan shekara a cikin EU Madrid yanke shawarar "christen" nan gaba kowa kudin goma sha furta - "Yuro". Duk da yake ci gaba da aikin na Turai kudin ya fara a 1979. Wannan ra'ayin da aka gaske grandiose. Bayan duk, a gaban dukan yunkurin haifar da wasu irin kasafin kudi jam'iyya ƙare tare da m sakamakon. Kazalika da dollar, da Yuro yana da wani babban goyon baya daga sauran kasashe, wanda ya ba shi damar zama cikin manyan kudin da samuwar canji rates. Amma gaskiyar cewa mambobi ne na kungiyar tarayyar Turai tallafawa kudin, kuma yana da mummunan tasiri hade da spasmodic gaba daga cikin wadannan jihohi. Manazarta yi imani da cewa jimawa saboda gaskiyar cewa internationalization na Yuro ba Yunƙurin ga samuwar wani bipolar duniya monetary tsarin, dollar tasiri ya zai yi a kan bangarori daban-daban da kuma yankuna. A Yuro ne iya zama a cikin ta Tsakiya da gabashin Turai, da kuma dollar zai mamaye a cikin ta Kudu da kuma East Asia, da kuma Latin Amurka. Amma a yau, za mu iya amince ce cewa biyu mafi iko da duniya ta ajiye kudin.

Japan Yen (JPY) - da na uku wuri

Tun da farko, da Japan yen ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi iko kudin mafaka. Amma da shahararsa ta shakka rage a karshe 'yan shekaru. Kuma a yau, wannan kudin ne kawai na uku wuri a cikin kudi kasuwa. Yen aka halitta a 1871, amma a layi daya da shi, akwai wasu zinariya, da azurfa, da takardar kudi. To, kasa da kasa suna ya zo da ita May 11, 1953, daidai lokacin da lamuni na duniya IMF legitimized ta hulda da zinariya yin la'akari 2.5 milligram.

Hakika, adadin da shi a yau kudi kasuwa ne da yawa na baya jagorantar dollar kuma Yuro. Amma wannan ba ya hana Japan yen ta mamaye na uku wuri a cikin duniya ta ajiye kudin. Wannan shi ne daban-daban daga cikin kudin da fafatawa a gasa high isa Agogon liquidity a dukan duniya. Kuma duk da matsayinsu daga cikin shugabannin, da yen ne ba makawa a duniya kudi kasuwanni.

Global Currency Dinar Sterling (fam na Birtaniya)

Laba Sterling - fairly ciniki kudin a duniya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana daukan cikin hudu wuri cikin sharuddan da amincewa daga cikin 'yan ƙasa na dukan duniya. Domin da farko lokacin da Kalmar "laba Sterling" ya bayyana a cikin 1694. Kuma a lokacin daga 1821 zuwa shekara ta 1914, shi ne wannan kudin da aka dauke da babban ajiye kudin a cikin kudi kasuwa. Abin baƙin ciki, bayan yakin duniya na II, United Kingdom da aka muhimmanci raunana. Shi ya ba Amurka da damar zama shugaban a wasu sassa, da kuma dollar maye gurbin da laba Sterling.

Zuwan da Yuro a kudi kasuwanni ya kuma yi wani babban tasiri a kan kudin. Bayan duk, kafin EU shawarar da aka sanya don ƙirƙirar guda Turai kasa kudin, da kore amfana daga dukan jita-jita a kan kimantawa na musayar kudi. Kuma idan sakamakon zaben raba gardama a Birtaniya kasance tabbatacce, da kore zai riskar da Yuro a 2000. A kasuwannin duniya domin kusan 14% kunshi fam. Kuma wannan ne mai matukar kyau sakamakon.

Barga CHF (CHF)

A karo na farko a kan wannan kudin fara magana a 1850. A ta fuskar darajar, wannan monetary naúrar ya daidaita da Faransa Franc. Babban amfani da wannan canji shi ne cewa shi ne kusan mafi barga a duniya. A cikin tarihi na ragewar darajar kuɗi na Franc shi da aka rubuta kawai 'yan sau. Saboda wannan yana da wani babban matakin da amincewa a tsakanin jama'a na duniya.

A bisa ga al'ada, da Swiss Franc kira da ago na low-haraji zones da sifili kumbura. A matsayin ajiye kudin, kunshe a karo na hudu wuri. Kuma ko da yake shi ne kawai kudin da cewa ba a kunshe a cikin EU da kuma ƙasashe na "Big Bakwai", kuma da rabo ne kusan ba lẽƙãwa 0.3%, shi ne, godiya ta zuwa ga "madawwami" kwanciyar hankali, shi bai taba hasarar da matsayi a cikin duniya kasuwar . Ko da yake gabatarwa na Turai guda kudin haƙuri kuma unmodified, da Swiss Franc mafi to ya rage.

A Rasha ruble da yuan matsayin ajiye kudin

Duk duniya ta ajiye ago yau dauki Majiɓincinsu Tabbatacce wuri. Kuma idan 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, a shekarar 2007, gwamnatin na Rasha Federation ya bayyana cewa, ruble iya amince shigar da duniya fitarwa, bayan duk gogaggen crises shi ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mafi manazarta ƙarasa da cewa ruble a nan gaba ba za su iya daukar wani wuri a cikin hadari-Haven kudin.

A wannan, bisa manufa, ba za a ce game da Sin yuan. Duniya ta ajiye kudin, kamar yadda aka sani, ya kamata a yi "kafa ta jagoranci skills." Yau, kasar Sin da aka yi duk abin da ya tabbatar da cewa ta kasa kudin karfafa da kuma girma. Kuma, bisa ga manyan masana, wannan shi ne shi kyakkyawa da kyau. A gaskiya, bisa ga data for 2014, wannan ne kudin da ya zama daya daga cikin 10 na rayayye ciniki gaba da 22 "maƙiyi" a cikin shekaru uku. a kan teku kasuwar aikin ma a cikin 'yan shekaru, ba tsaya har yanzu, kuma yanzu a karshen watan Maris 2014, Jamus ta amince da kasar Sin a kan hadin kai a share, kazalika da lissafin a yuan. Bugu da kari, da Hong Kong Stock Exchange da kuma Shanghai bude inji giciye-ciniki, muhimmanci karu da zinariya reserves a kasar Sin, da kuma 40 na kasa da kasa bankuna sun sanya jari a kasar Sin monetary naúrar. Duk wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin 'yan shekaru da yuan zai dauki girman kai na wuri a matsayin shugaban №1 ajiye kudin a duniya.

Forecast for 2015

Yana da wuya a tsammani abin da zai zama duniya kudin tsarin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A dangane da rikicin lalacewa ta hanyar wani kaifi dakushe man farashin, ya ɗauka cewa da kudi da duniya ke jiran, shi ne quite wuya. Ruble kasa, amma a yau Rasha tare da kasar Sin ke yi ta matuqar domin rage tasirin da US kudin a duniya kudi kasuwanni. Kuma ko ta yaya shi sauti bakin ciki ga Amurka, amma yuan, a wani hali, don tabbatar da makomar ajiye kudin. Bayan magana game da shi, ba kawai masana, amma kuma data a kan binciken na duniya kasashen waje musayar kasuwanni a cikin past 'yan shekaru. Celestial ya dade tabbatar da daraja a matsayin manyan ciniki ikon da wani karfi m tare da na biyu mafi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya. Mutane da yawa masana sun ce bayan shekaru 10, da yuan zai kai su a raga. Bugu da kari, kasar Sin da aka yin m matakai wajen wannan. Kamar yadda ka sani, da duniya ta ajiye kudin - da kudin da kasashen abin da ya ba da sauki!