Dow Jones Index: bayyanar, lissafi, abũbuwan amfãni, rashin amfani

Dangane da musayar musayar nau'i daban-daban, an gudanar da bincike da kuma kima akan yanayin kasuwancin. A cikin wannan tsari, an ɗauka matsayi mai mahimmanci ta hannun jari. Mene ne a kasuwar jari index? Wannan lamari ne wanda ke nuna ƙwaƙwalwa ko matakin farashin hannun jari wanda aka lissafa akan musayar a wani lokaci a lokaci. Kowane stock musayar ta stock fihirisa: index of Dow Jones (DJI) a New York, da Nikkei (Nikkei) a Japan, Dax (DAX) a Jamus, da dai sauransu A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi la'akari da ainihin farko na ƙididdiga masu tasowa - indexing industries DJI.

Bayyanar

Kamfanin Charles Dow na Amurka ya kirkiro Amurka Dow Jones a karshen Mayu 1896 don yawo canje-canje a cikin masana'antu na kasuwanni. Da farko, index ya ƙunshi kamfanonin 12. Yanzu wannan lambar ta kai 30. Wadannan kamfanonin suna cikin dukkanin bangarori na masana'antu, sai dai na sufuri, makamashi da samar da ruwa. Charles Dow da kansa ya zabi aikin kamfanoni, sa'an nan kuma ya fara yin manyan masana'antu da masu gyara na mujallar "Wall Street Journal". Ƙididdiga ya ƙunshi kamfanoni irin su Coca-Cola, Microsoft, Walt Disney, Intel, McDonald's da sauransu.

Kira

Da farko, an ƙayyade alamar Dow Jones ta hanyar tsarin da aka sauƙaƙe: wannan shi ne adadin yawan ƙididdiga na farashin hannun jari na kamfanonin da aka haɗa a ciki. A wannan lokacin, darajan index ɗin yana bi da bi. Ma'anar ta zama mai sauƙi: adadin yawan adadin mai shigowa ya raba ta hanyar gyaran gyare-gyare (rabawa Dow). Wannan mai rarraba daidai yake da yawan kamfanonin da ke shiga alamar. Saboda haka, wannan tsari ya canza zuwa mahimmanci. Amma bayan wani ɗan lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar canza canjin kamfanoni da rabawa (rarraba hannun jari), ya shafi rinjaye Dow. A halin yanzu, darajarta ta kasa da 1, wato, darajar DJI ya fi yawan adadin hannun jari da aka haɗa a cikinta. Ma'anar canjin musayar ra'ayi shine cewa babu wani muhimmin abu da zai faru da ma'anarsa kuma zai kasance daidai. Don wannan, mai rarraba ya canza.

Amfanin

1. Saukake (tare da zuwan rabuwa, lissafi ya zama mafi wuya) kuma saukaka lissafi.

2. Tarihi mai tsawo. Dow Jones Index alama ce ta kasuwar jari na Amirka. Binciken yadda ya dace a kan wannan lokaci mai tsawo yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar masu ilimin likita da masu aiki.

Abubuwa mara kyau

1. Sha'idar Dow Jones ta nuna yawan farashin farashin, ba tare da kwatanta su da darajar tushe ba. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari idan aka kwatanta da wani darajar, wanda zai zama tushen don kwatanta kuma an haɗa shi zuwa wani kwanan wata.

2. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne yadda aka ƙidaya shi, inda aka ƙaddamar farashin hannun jari na kamfanonin da aka haɗa a cikinta, sannan kuma yawan adadin ya raba ta hanyar gyaran gyare-gyare (Dow Divisor). A ƙarshe, koda kuwa yawan kamfanonin guda ɗaya ba kasa da na wani ba, amma a lokaci guda farashin hannun jari ya fi girma, yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan index.

3. Ciki har da kamfanoni 30 kawai, alamar Dow Jones ba ta da kyau a cikin rawar da ke nuna alamar kasuwanci na kasuwar jari. Wasu lokuta, don ƙwarewa mafi girma, tare da DJI, masu sharhi amfani da S & P 500.