Dasa da kuma girma irin goro

Gyada iya girma zuwa babban ɓangare na ƙasar Rasha. A nasa ne mafi muhimmanci da nau'in bishiyoyi. Bisa ga yawan m Properties goro ne kusan babu daidai a cikin sauran 'yan shuka mulkin.

Itace ke tsiro hanzari, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari m da quite lokaci mai tsawo. Namo irin goro damar inganta kiwon lafiya da kuma samar da jiki da high quality cikakken samfurin. Isar shuka 2-3 itatuwa a shafin, don samun bukata yawan dadi, gina jiki da kuma lafiya girbi. Bisa ga irin goro 'ya'yan za a iya dafa shi da yawa daban-daban da kuma jita-jita condiments, kazalika da yin tasiri magunguna.

Mutane da yawa lambu ne sha'awar yadda za a yi girma irin goro su sa shi m, kuma Yanã fitar da farin ciki da yawa na irin. A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da hanyoyi na kiwo da kuma namo wannan itace.

Gyada a Moscow: girma

Gyada - high itace mai duhuwa, wanda yana da manya-manyan ganye, kodadde m haushi da kuma sanannen a duk faɗin duniya da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Yau yana da wuya a sami wani kewayen birni wuri, wanda ba zai girma walnuts. A cikin unguwannin da namo na wannan itace yana da wasu matsaloli. Ga ana shuka mafi hunturu-Hardy kuma farkon bayyanar 'ya'yan iri. Wannan unpretentious da m al'ada tsiro da kyau da kuma Bears 'ya'yan itace a cikin daban-daban gona da iri da kuma daban-daban ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin zurfin yashi da kuma talauci ventilated ƙasar ne mafi alhẽri ba girma irin goro. Ruwan karkashin kasa kamata a located a zurfin ba kasa da 1.5 m. A m yankunan kamata tabbatar watering.

Sake bugun walnuts

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar wannan tambaya na yadda za girma walnuts. Yana iya karbe a cikin hanyoyi biyu: tsaba da kuma vegetative (by grafting).

iri yaduwa

Namo gyada da iri shi ne babban yanayin da haifuwa. A tsaba an girbe kawai daga gida siffofin irin goro. Zabi lafiya, ba tare da gagarumin lalacewar hunturu itace-testis, wanda yana da kyau girma, kuma yana da wani shekara-shekara high yawan amfanin ƙasa (a kalla 20-25 kg bushe kwayoyi). A 'ya'yan itatuwa daga cikin itacen ya zama manyan. Kwaya - kyau yi da za a iya sauƙi cire. girbi lokacin iri ne m da alãmarsu, da kuma balaga da pericarp (husk). Idan aka kore riga ya fara crack, ko kuma a iya samun sauƙin rabu a incision, yana yiwuwa su girbi da tsaba.

A fasaha na girma irin goro iri ne kamar haka: na farko na dukkan kwayoyi tattara aka tsarkake daga cikin pericarp da kuma a cikin mako guda a rana bushe, sa'an nan a karkashin gini, a kan raga shelves. Karshe bushewa da kuma ajiya ne da za'ayi a bushe dakin a zazzabi na + 19-20 ^° C for saukowa kawai zaba lafiya, na yau da kullum siffar kwayoyi.

Shuka da tsaba a cikin fall. Babban hanyar shirya shi ne su stratification, ba tare da wanda plated kwayoyi germinate na dogon lokaci. Haka kuma, ba zai yiwu a samu sahu abu don a saukowa.

Duration da kuma yanayin na stratification dogara, yafi a kan kauri dunƙule:

• Tolstokorov tsaba - game da 90-100 kwana a yanayi zazzabi 0-7 ° C;
• kwayoyi, da ciwon wani talakawan da kuma na bakin ciki harsashi, - 35-45 kwana a 16-18 ° C.

Duk da haka, har ma da wadanda kwayoyi wanda underwent stratification da m germination lokaci - su naklevyvanie iya ɗaukar fiye da kwanaki 20. ci gaba kamar haka ga accelerating hanya.

Kafin saukowa riƙe kwayoyi kiyaye don wani lokaci a zazzabi na 15-18 ° C zapeskovannymi har su naklyunutsya. Sa'an nan kuma suna ana jerawa a kan tsirar da toho, kuma plated dabam.

Idan adadin iri ne kananan, mafi kyau sakamakon da aka cimma a lokacin da daukana na seedlings. Stratification aka yi 10 ga Maris 15 a zazzabi na 14-18 ° C.

Germination kwayoyi fara a cikin marigayi Afrilu. Amfani da dasa seedlings da biyu ganye. Nutse ne da za'ayi a cikin uku sharuddan. Kafin dasa, kowace shuka tsunkule ƙarshen taproot.

Domin zuriya kuma seedlings pricking shirya ta amfani da-tati, warmed zuwa 10 ° C. A nesa a layuka - game 10-15 cm.

Manyan kwayoyi suna dasa zuwa zurfin 10 cm, da kananan da kuma matsakaici - 7-9 cm harbe daga seedlings don samun mike a cikin shirye rami kwaya yada kaikaice, a kan baki ..

A lokacin farko da shekaru a bude ƙasa da seedlings girma sannu a hankali. Don girma a stock, kai har zuwa shekaru 3, da kuma namo irin goro seedlings dace da dasa a gonar, zai ɗauki 5-7 Pet.

Saboda haka, a mafi tasiri hanyar da aka dauke su girma seedlings a cikin greenhouse fim. A wannan yanayin, bayan wani shekara fitarwa misali rootstocks kai 55-60%, da kuma tare da 2-girma shekara-shekara game da 90% na seedlings ne Fit domin gabatarwar a cikin lambu a kan wani m.

Fruit seedlings fara a game 8-12 shekaru.

Industrial namo irin goro grafting

Daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da vegetative yaduwa daga irin goro ne dake tasowa a bude filin. dake tasowa lokaci ne Naira Miliyan Xari da nufin kullum yanayin zafi (da shi ya zama a sama 10 ° C). A mafi kyau duka tsawon for dake tasowa - 12-16 kwanaki, da rayuwa kudi ne 60-90% na idanu.

Gyada samarwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin na haifuwa wajibi ne a kiyaye tabbatacce halaye ne na mahaifiyar itace 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.

Tun da irin goro yana da wani wajen manyan kodan, a lokacin da inoculation daukan wani kara girman m ɓawon burodi da cewa a lokacin da prizhivaniya ido zai samar da ake bukata adadin ruwa da kuma gina jiki. Vaccinations sarari Shades polyethylene ko PVC fim.

Duk da haka, ko da a ba sosai sanyi winters kamar 90% na kafa buds zuwa fada saboda rashin hardiness mutu. Saboda haka okulirovannye seedlings fada, bayan fadowa kashe ganye, tono har da riƙe da spring a wani ginshiki ko wasu ajiya a zazzabi na game 0 ° C.

A spring, kasar gona bayan dumama zuwa 10 ° C, okulyanty kai tsaye dasa a wani gandun daji. By karshen shekarar farko na wannan shekara girma har zuwa 102-168 cm. Yanzu suna dace da dasa a cikin lambu.

Alurar riga kafi za a iya za'ayi a cikin hunturu da kuma a cikin greenhouse. Don yin wannan, rootstocks suna dug a kaka da kuma sa a sifili zazzabi prikopalis a cikin ginshiki ko ƙasa da wani store.

A wannan hanya, da kuma cuttings ana sa irin goro girbe a fall. A tsakiyar watan Maris, kawai game da kwanaki 15 kafin alurar riga kafi, rootstocks dasa a cikin cylindrical roba bags (diamita 10-15 cm, 20-25 cm tsawo) cike da tati kuma canjawa wuri a cikin wani greenhouse inda zafin jiki ne 24-25 ° C.

Cuttings for 'yan kwanaki kafin alurar riga kafi da kuma sa a cikin wani greenhouse a cikin m sawdust da kuma steamed.

Lokacin da ci gaban da Scion ta fara, shuke-shuke taurare, game da shi accustoming su zuwa waje sanyi da kuma drier iska. Bayan ƙulli spring frosts kai tsaye dasa a wani gandun daji.

Domin saukowa a kan wani m dace seedlings ne 2 shekaru. Grafted shuke-shuke fara kai 'ya'yan itace riga a kan 3-4th shekara bayan dasa.

Space ga wata itãciya

Kafin fara irin goro samar, kana bukatar ka shirya nawa ya za a ba wani wuri a nan gaba. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa itace zai samar da high da ake samu ne kawai a mai kyau haske, don haka ku iya ma ya yi hadaya da wasu kusa girma itatuwa. 25-30-shekara gyada yana da wani diamita da kambi 8-12 m (dangane da irin itace da ƙasa haihuwa).

Dasa da kuma girma

Idan ka shawarta zaka shuka a gonar irin goro kwayoyi, dasa, namo da kuma samuwar kananan bishiyoyi kamata a da za'ayi kamar haka:

• Zabi wurin da cewa mafi kyau dace da dasa.
• Haƙa rami kamar 1 m a cikin zurfin.
• Duniya sauran bayan rami, gauraye da humus rotted a wani adadin na 8-10 kg da kuma takamaiman takin. Wannan ne yake aikata mafi kyau itace wadata.
• A tsaba suna aza a zurfin 15 cm. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa 'ya'yan ba kwanta da kaifi gefen kuma dinka up. In ba haka ba, da itace na dogon lokaci zai ba da 'ya'ya a.

A shuka ya kamata a dasa haka cewa tushen kwala aka rufe da ƙasa ba fiye 4-5 cm.

Ta yaya ne matasa itatuwa

M kambi irin 3:

• bezyarusny,
• M-tiered.
• cupped.

Yana da muhimmanci a yi alamar shafi na kwarangwal rassan a farko bene, da kuma ƙarshe itãciyar za su iya daidai haifar da kanta. Duk da yake inganta longline-type kambi bayan dasa wani itace gangar jikin dan kadan taqaitaccen a wata tsawo na 130-140 cm. A nan gaba, matasa harbe a kusa da gangar jikin (a wata tsawo na 90-100 cm) wajibi ne don kashe karya. Riƙe a kambi zone 3 ko 4 gefen rassan abin da girma a cikin daban-daban kwatance, kuma a tsakiyar shugaba (na gaba spring rage ta 70-100 cm samar da wata biyu bene).

Bugu da ari trimming ne da za'ayi kawai ta cire girma a ciki kambi da kuma lalace rassan. Yana mafi yawa ana yi a cikin bazara.

watering

Gyada samarwa ya shafi watering matasa itatuwa a cikin bazara da kuma bazara, lokacin da suka bukatar a isasshe manyan yawan ruwa. A kowane itacen da zai dauki game da 3 buckets na ruwa da 1 sq. mita na kasar gona. Tree shayar sau 2 a wata. Bishiyoyi sama 4 m ba ga tsawo, anã shayar kasa maida.

gudanar da ciyar

Bishiyoyi bukatar takin sau 2 a shekara - in spring da kaka. A cikin bazara, yin nitrogen taki, da kuma a cikin fall - musamman potash da phosphate. Adult itatuwa bukatar 7-8 kg na ammonium nitrate, 9.8 kilogiram na superphosphate da kuma 2 kilogiram na potassium gishiri.

tattara 'ya'yan

Mun riga tattauna abin da siffofi da wani irin goro. Girma da kuma kula da itatuwa sun kuma an bayyana ta da mu. Yanzu bari mu magana game da girbi.

A lokacin da tarin kwayoyi aka ƙaddara a kan wani kore pericarp. A lõkacin da suka fara zuwa crack, za ka iya fara gina. Bayan da amfanin gona da aka girbe, da 'ya'yan itace ne da shawarar rike ga wani mako a cellar. Bayan da cewa za su kasance da sauki domin tsabtace da kuma tausasa ta yin baƙi husk.

Saboda haka cewa a lokacin da tsaftacewa da kwayoyi ba datti hannuwanku, kana bukatar ka sa roba safar hannu. A 'ya'yan itatuwa dauke da mai yawa aidin, don haka hannuwa, baki. Bayan tsaftacewa da kwayoyi ya kamata a rinsed da ruwa da kuma dried a rana.