Cututtuka: jerin bayyanar cututtuka, magani, yin rigakafi

A tsakiyar karni na karshe, 'yan adam ya cimma wasu nasara a yaki da wasu cututtuka. Amma, kamar yadda ya juya waje, farkon bikin karshe nasara a kan bũlãlar cututtuka. List of kan 1,200 lakabi, kuma an kullum updated tare da sabon bincike cuta.

Yadda za a yi nazarin cututtuka

Mass cuta sani ga mutum tun lokacin da. Akwai shaida da cewa ko da a cikin 5th karni BC da masana falsafa da kuma likitoci da ake zargi da wanzuwar wasu kankanin, ganuwa zuwa ido na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da zai iya sa cuta halin da m baza da high mace-mace. A tsakiyar zamanai, duk da haka, jari views aka manta da, da kuma fashewa da taro cututtuka saboda kawai ga Allah azãba. Amma cewa marasa lafiya ya zama ruwan dare, kuma ya halaka kamuwa da abubuwa, da gine-gine da kuma gawawwakin, mun san riga.

Ilimi tara hankali, da kuma tsakiyar karni na 19th aka alama ta haihuwa na wani kimiyya na ilimin. Sa'an nan kuma aka bude jamiái na da yawa cututtuka: Anthrax, cutar kwalara, da annoba, da tarin fuka da sauransu. Cututtuka tun ware a raba kungiyar.

terminology

The kalmar "kamuwa da cuta" in Latin nufin "gurbatawa", "kamuwa da cuta." Kamar yadda wani nazarin halittu ra'ayi, da wannan lokaci tana nufin shigar azzakari cikin farji na microscopic cuta pathogen a cikin mafi girma kwayoyin. Wannan na iya zama wani mutum ko dabba, ko shuka. Next ta fara hulda tsakanin wani kananan kwayoyin da micro tsarin gudãna, ba shakka, ba a warewa amma a karkashin takamaiman muhalli da yanayi. Wannan ne mai matukar hadaddun nazarin halittu tsari, da kuma kira shi m. A sakamakon wannan hulda macroorganism ko gaba daya saki daga pathogen, ko ya mutu. A tsari, wanda bayyana dauke da kwayar cutar tsari - wannan shi ne wani takamaiman cutar.

Common cututtuka halaye

Game da farkon na wani cutar iya ce, idan bayan wani taro na pathogen da kuma kananan kwayoyin, musamman a mutum, akwai wani ƙeta na karshe na rayuwa ayyuka, bayyanar cututtuka bayyana da kuma wani karuwa a antibody titer auku a cikin jini. Akwai kuma wasu siffofin na dauke da kwayar cutar matakai: lafiya m da cutar a gaban rigakafi ko na halitta rigakafi da cutar, na kullum cututtuka, m kamuwa da cuta.

Bayan da cewa shi duk ta fara da cutar pathogens, pathogens, akwai wasu halaye na kowa zuwa gare su. Irin cututtuka ne m, cewa zai iya zama daukar kwayar cutar daga kamuwa da mutum ko dabba don kiwon lafiya. A karkashin wani yanayi, da zai iya haddasa annoba da kuma cututtukan annoba, watau taro yaduwar cutar, da kuma wannan ne mai matukar tsanani barazana ga al'umma.

Bugu da kari, communicable cututtuka, da jerin wanda za a iya samu a wani likita dan littafi, ko da yaushe faruwa a hawan keke. Wannan yana nufin cewa m lokaci jinkiri a tsare a cikin cuta tsari a lokaci: da shiryawa zamani, da mataki na precursors na cuta, a lokacin da tsawo na da cuta, da tsawon koma bayan tattalin arziki da kuma, a karshe, da maida lokaci.

A shiryawa zamani ne ba na asibiti manifestations har yanzu ba shi da. Shi ne ya fi guntu fiye da sama pathogens da kuma karin ta kashi, da kuma iya Range daga 'yan sa'o'i da kuma' yan watanni ko ma shekaru. Harbingers da cutar - wannan shi ne ya fi kowa, kuma m m bayyanar cututtuka a kan wanda ya zargin wani musamman cutar wuya. Hankula ga shi iyaka na asibiti manifestations a mataki tsawo da cutar. Bugu da ari, cutar ta fara Fade bãya, amma ga wasu cutar halin da komowan cutar.

Wani musamman halayyar cututtuka ne da samuwar a lokacin rigakafi cuta.

Kamuwa da jamiái

Kamuwa da jamiái ne da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin da fungi. Gabatarwa a baya domin da pathogen nasarar, daya gamuwa da macro- da micro-kwayoyin bai isa ba. Da ake bukata domin cika wasu sharudda. Na bayar da muhimmanci ne ainihin Jihar kananan kwayoyin da aminci tsarin.

A yawa dogara a kan pathogenicity na pathogen. An ƙaddara da mataki na virulence (virulence) na wani kananan kwayoyin, ta toxigenic (aka - da ikon samar da gubobi) da kuma mutunci. muhalli da yanayi ma wasa a babban rawa.

Nau'in cututtuka

Da farko, cututtuka za a iya shirya dangane da pathogen. A general, da ya zama ruwan dare kwayar, kwayan da kuma fungal cututtuka. Dabam ware chlamydial, mycoplasmal, rickettsial, spirochetal cututtuka, ko da yake chlamydia da Mycoplasma da rickettsia, kuma spirochetes kasance a cikin daula da kwayoyin cuta. Ƙwayoyin cuta - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa ya fi kowa pathogens. Duk da haka, kwayoyin cutar na iya haifar da wani iri-iri ailments. Daga cikin shahararrun - kamar tonsillitis, meningitis, cutar kwalara, da annoba, kwayan ciwon huhu, da tarin fuka, tetanus. By fungal cututtuka, ko fungal cututtuka sun hada da candidiasis, tinea, onychomycosis, Ringworm.

Mafi na kowa cututtuka suna classified bisa wurin da sarrafawa da pathogens bisa laákari da ginshikai na watsa, amma shi shafi wadanda cututtuka cewa suna yada daga mutum zuwa mutum. Haka kuma, da gano hanji cututtuka daukar kwayar cutar ta fecal-baka hanya (astroviral kamuwa da cuta, da cutar shan inna, cutar kwalara, typhoid zazzabi). Akwai cututtuka babba numfashi fili cuta. A tsari na kamuwa da cuta da ake kira droplet (SARS, diphtheria, da mulufi zazzabi, mura). Cututtuka har yanzu suna iya localize a jini da kuma daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar cizon kwari, da kuma likita hanyoyin. Muna magana ne game injections da jini. Wadannan sun hada da hepatitis B, annoba, typhus. Akwai ma waje cututtuka da shafi fata da kuma mucosa da kuma daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar sadarwa.

A ci gaba da kowane irin dauke da kwayar cutar wakili don ƙarfafa ta atrium. Saboda haka, a yawan kwayoyin tsinkãyi ta hanyar da mucous membranes na numfashi fili, da sauran - ta hanyar narkewa kamar fili, da al'aura fili. Wani lokaci, duk da haka, cewa wannan pathogen ne iya samu shiga cikin jikin mutum a lokaci guda a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Alal misali, hepatitis B yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar jini, daga uwa zuwa jariri da kuma ta lamba.

Amma ga kafofin kamuwa da cuta, da anthroponoses bambanta idan cutar zo daga wani mutum, da kuma zoonoses, idan dabbobin dako na kamuwa da cuta. Dole ne in ce cewa zoonotic jamiái a lamba tare da jikin mutum a nan gaba yanayi ba zai tsaya, don haka tsanani da yaduwar zoonotic cututtuka ne da yawa m fiye da anthroponoses. Zoonoses hada da cuta brucellosis, botulism, annoba, tularemia, ciwon hauka, Anthrax, da ƙafãfu da kuma bakin cuta, tetanus. Domin zoonoses halayyar, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da dama watsa sunadaran.

Akwai uku da manyan wuraren da cututtuka. Shi ne da jikin mutum, dabbobi, da kuma matattun yanayi - gona da ruwa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtuka

Common bayyanar cututtuka na cututtuka sun hada da malaise, ciwon kai, pallor, jin sanyi, aching tsokoki, da zazzaɓi, wani lokacin - tashin zuciya da kuma amai da gudawa da kuma. Bugu da kari ga general, akwai cututtuka da suke musamman ga daya cuta. Alal misali, sa'ad da wani kurji na meningococcal cuta ne sosai musamman.

bincikowa da

Amma ga ganewar asali, dole ne a dogara ne a kan wani sosai, kuma m nazari na haƙuri. A binciken da ya hada da wani cikakken kuma m binciken da gabobin da kuma tsarin na dubawa da kuma bincike dole dakin gwaje-gwaje sakamakon. Farkon ganewar asali na cututtuka ne wasu matsaloli, amma shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ga dace da isasshen magani daga mãsu haƙuri kazalika ga kungiyar na m matakan.

magani

A lura da irin cututtuka kamar yadda cututtuka, wanda lissafa haka awesomely m, gano wurare da dama. Da farko, matakan da cewa, shine su rage aiki na pathogen da neutralization na ta da gubobi. A saboda wannan dalili maganin rigakafi, bacteriophages, interferons da kuma wasu hanyoyi.

Abu na biyu, wajibi ne a karfafa jiki ta defenses, ta amfani immunomodulatory kwayoyi da kuma bitamin. Jiyya dole ne dole a hadaddun. Yana da muhimmanci a normalize sosai aiki na gabobin da cutar tsarin. A cikin wani hali, da lura m dole ne ya yi la'akari da duk mutum halaye na haƙuri kuma cikin shakka daga rashin lafiya.

rigakafin

Don mafi kyau kare kanka da kuma iyalanka daga barazana kamar yadda cututtuka, wanda ya hada da jerin cututtuka na kwayar, kwayan da fungal asalin, ya kamata sane rigakafi matakan, alurar riga kafi, da karfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Kuma wani lokacin, ya cece su daga kamuwa da cuta, da isasshen kiyaye na farko dokoki na sirri kiwon lafiya.