Cututtuka da kwayoyin. The iri kwayoyin

Cututtuka da kwayoyin cuta, a halin yanzu ya dauki mafi kowa na duk da cewa na iya faruwa a cikin mutane. Yau akwai da yawa pathologies da kwayoyin da cewa tsokane su. Next, wani cikakken look at cikin cututtuka da kwayoyin. Table, wanda za a ba a cikin cikar labarin zai dauke da muhimman bayanai game da pathologies da pathogens.

Overview

Pathogenic (cuta-haddasa) kwayoyin mallaka cell bango, da kuma sa na musamman na tsaro da kuma ta'adi factor. Mutane da yawa da aka sani cututtuka irin mulufi zazzabi, m na numfashi da ciwon ya kama, pyelonephritis, annoba, Salmonella, syphilis, kabba da ciwon sanyi, tetanus, da kuma tarin fuka. Dalilin su ci gaba ne kwayoyin. Cututtuka na iya ci gaba daban, da dama, saukarwa daga tsananin. Lura da wani musamman cuta a kan tushen da gwajin sakamakon.

Halaye na kwayoyin cuta

Mene ne wani pathogen? Wannan microscopic kwayoyin wanda, sabanin da prions da ƙwayoyin cuta ne cell bango. Wadannan iri kwayoyin:

• Nonpathogenic.
• Opportunistic.
• Pathogenic.

Ka yi la'akari da musamman kwayoyin precipitating Pathology. Illar saboda kasancewar kwayoyin a cikin wadannan na musamman na'urorin m fuskantarwa. Wadannan dalilai ya kamata a kasaftawa daga gare su:

• Mannewa. Tare da shi, kananan kwayoyin yana da ikon bi don daban-daban tsokoki na mutum.
• Exotoxin. Wannan factor yana da wani takamaiman sakamako, haddasa wata musamman alama. Alal misali, lalacewar da juyayi tsarin tsokani butulotoksin, gastrointestinal tsarin - enterotoxin, da sauransu.
• Endotoxin. Wannan tsokani feverish da Lipopolysaccharide maye ciwo.

Wadannan "na'urorin" cikakken bayar da pathogenic kwayoyin. Misalai na irin wannan kwayoyin: Salmonella, kodadde pallidum, gonococcus, bacillus Lyuffnera. Opportunistic kwayoyin iya zama a mutum ba tare da sun tsokani pathologies al'ada. Duk da haka, a karkashin wani yanayi, suna canza kama zuwa cutarwa kwayoyin. Misalai na irin wannan kwayoyin: staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus da kuma wasu wasu. Opportunistic abubuwa da ake bukata da jiki. balance yana kiyaye saboda ta gaban. Wasu hanji kwayoyin suna dauke opportunistic. A karshe category na kwayoyin sa ba korau yanayi a karkashin wani yanayi. A ƙarshe, da labarin ya ƙunshi wani tebur "Human cututtuka da kwayoyin cuta." Yana nuna pathogens sa daban-daban cututtuka.

A wasu lokuta can ne Pathology?

Don pathogenic kwayoyin cuta ya sa mutum Pathology, shi ne cewa wajibi ne a yawan yanayi da aka hadu. Da farko da adadin kwayoyin dole ne isasshe manyan. 1-2 kwayoyin zahiri iya tsanani harba mutum kamar na musamman da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman tsaro tsarin jimre da kyau da irin wannan qananan barazana. Micro-kwayoyin kamata kuma ya kasance ya cika. Wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne su yi dukan zama dole pathogenic Properties. Suma damuwa ba matsayi da mutane a musamman hadarin. Za su iya kawai kai rigakafi ga dũkiyõyinsu, da m tsarin iya sa'an nan mayalwaci amsa ga makiya. Shi ne a kan wannan manufa, sakamakon daban-daban alurar. Shiga kwayan parasites da a kan site na jiki inda za su iya zama sauri da kuma tam a haɗe domin kara girma, haifuwa da kuma aiwatar. Alal misali, idan Salmonella ba a GI fili da kuma a kan fata, sa'an nan da mutumin ba zai ci gaba salmonellosis. Saboda haka, don rigakafin hannun kamata a wanke kafin cin abinci. Rigakafi mutum dole ne a shirya a tare da wani hari. Idan m tsarin da aka grafted artificially ko da sauƙi, cewa a kusan dukkan lokuta, kwayan parasites ba zai iya shiga wannan shãmaki. Idan na rigakafi da tsarin da ya taba ganawa da kwayoyin ko ya raunana (misali AIDS), da pathogen ba kamar yadda da wuya su mamaye jiki da kuma ninka akwai. Lokacin da wadannan yanayi faruwa cutar. cuta lalacewa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta ba ya nan da nan za a fara a tare da wasu cututtuka.

shiryawa zamani

Yana wanzu a cikin kowane kamuwa da cuta. A lokacin da ya kwayoyin samu amfani da wani sabon wuri, ninka, tasowa. A shiryawa zamani iya wuce daga 'yan sa'o'i (msl, abinci mai guba) zuwa shekaru da dama (Lyme borreliosis, kuturta). Daga lokacin da na farko bayyanar cututtuka fara bayyana, za mu iya ce cewa Pathology da cikakkiyar sifa. A shiryawa zamani da aka kammala, cikin rukuni na kwayoyin zaunar a jiki. Tare da wasu pathologies na rigakafi da tsarin shi ne iya jimre a kan nasu. Amma a wasu lokuta, taimako da ake bukata daga waje.

Kamar yadda kamu da cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta?

Gano pathologies da za'ayi a cikin hanyoyi da dama:

• Ta wajen wani microscope (da aka gudanar bincike da madubin likita batawa).
• Tabbatar da dalilin da antigens da antibodies. Wannan category hada da bincike dakin gwaje-gwaje Elisha kima, PCR, Ifa da sauran.
• Tare da seeding. Abu cutarwa kwayoyin da aka sanya a cikin wani na musamman matsakaici da kuma bar cikinta har a mako. Bayan wannan lokaci duba da cewa an kafa, da kuma gama.
• Kamuwa da dabbobi. Wannan hanya ya shafi gabatarwar da nazarin halittu abu a mice, berayen da sauran gwaji. Bayan da autopsy aka yi da kuma nazari na dabba kãyan ciki a karkashin wani hange.

warkewa matakan

Cututtuka lalacewa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta suna bi da daban-daban maganin rigakafi. Da amfani da kwayoyi ne mai babbar warkewa Hanyar for dauke da kwayar cutar pathologies. Yau saki mai yawa kwayoyin jamiái. Action kadai iya directed da wani musamman kungiyar na kwayoyin. Sauran kwayoyi da m bakan da aiki. By da amfani da maganin rigakafi dole ne a bi sosai a hankali. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa jahilci magani (yawanci nasu, ba tare da tuntubar likita) zai iya kai ga tsanani sakamakon.

juriyar

Yana auku a kwayoyin saboda su ikon zuwa mutate. Jima ko daga baya, daga kwayoyin cuta wajen samar da juriya ga wani musamman miyagun ƙwayoyi. Magunguna daina amfani - domin su kau da cutarwa kwayoyin. A irin haka ne, kwararru rubũta karfi kwayoyi - gaba, wani sabon ƙarni na kayan aikin. Medicine aka dauke su a kaikaice da laifi a haddasa cututtuka tasowa a sakamakon warkewa kula. A baya can, wannan wani Pathology kira nosocomial (asibiti). Daga talakawa cututtuka ne halin daidai da cewa da sauki (gargajiya) magunguna da ba su da so tasiri, kuma suna da ƙarasa da karfi kwayoyi. In mun gwada kwanan nan suka fara bayyana, misali, ninka-resistant damuwa da tarin fuka. Yau magunguna da cutar ba sosai. Ana amfani da yafi abin da aka ɓullo da a da Tarayyar Soviet. Wani sabon irin kamuwa da cuta, wadannan magunguna ba su aiki. Wadannan marasa lafiya ne ba kawai m, amma kuma hadarin gaske musamman ga wasu, saboda suna dako na pathogenic kwayoyin.

Sanadin da kwanciyar hankali na ci gaba zuwa magunguna

Juriyar aka dauke su quite halitta tsari. Wannan shi ne saboda da ikon da wani kananan kwayoyin, kamar dukan abubuwa masu rai daidaita canza muhalli da yanayi. Duk da haka, da kudi na raya kasa na antimicrobial juriya da wani gagarumin tasiri inept yin amfani da magunguna. In mun gwada kwanan nan, maganin rigakafi aka sayar a Pharmacy ba tare da takardar sayen magani. A wannan batun, mutane da yawa tafi da saya magunguna ba tare da tuntubar likita. Matsayin mai mulkin, kai-terminates bayan 1-3 kwana, a lokacin da cututtuka bace. Wannan results a cikin wani bai cika halakar pathogenic kwayoyin. Wasu daga cikin su suna shafe ta, da kuma sauran - An mutated, canza zuwa wani L-siffar. Suna rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki da kuma ake biding su lokaci. A taron na sharadi gwargwado ga su, suna kunna. Don hana irin sakamakon maganin rigakafi ne rates na 5 zuwa 14 days. Kwayoyin sun da za a hallaka, kuma ba su saba da magunguna.

Babban matsalar da kwayoyin

Tare da pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, a cikin aikace-aikace na medicaments an halakar da kuma amfani microorganisms cewa zauna cikin gastrointestinal fili, misali. rashin daidaituwa iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa opportunistic abubuwa iya juya zuwa qeta. Kamar yadda daya daga cikin na kowa wahala daga kwayoyin far abubuwa irin cututtuka kamar dysbiosis. Kashewa Pathology da aka yi da stimulating da ci gaban da m microflora.

The asibiti hoto a kamuwa

A farko alama ne a lokacin da da kwayan cuta ne dauke da wani zazzabi. Shi ne saboda halakar da kananan kwayoyin cell bango LPS hadaddun shiga a cikin jini, kuma ya kai cikin hypothalamus, sa'an nan da thermoregulatory cibiyar a cikinsa. A sakamakon haka ne a lokacin aiki na setpoint, da kuma jiki zai fara zuwa "zaton" cewa shi ne sanyi. Saboda haka, ya karu kadan samarwa, da kuma rage zafin rana masha'a. Fever abubuwa a matsayin wani m martani. Yanayin zafi har zuwa 39 digiri. Yana stimulates na ayyuka na rigakafi da tsarin. Sama da wannan index bukatun samun antipyretics. A "Paracetamol" magani iya yi aiki a matsayin irin wannan magani. A zazzabi iya zama a kaikaice rage da kuma maganin rigakafi. A ta karu a lokacin farko 24-28 hours daga farkon liyafar, za ka iya zana Tsayawa akan matsayin yadda ya kamata a zabi miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wani buɗi na dauke da kwayar cutar tsari ne maye ciwo. Ya bayyana wani gagarumin tabarbarewar, raunanar yanayi, apathy, tsoka da kuma hadin gwiwa sha raɗaɗin. Chance na tashin zuciya da amai. taimaka rage jihar samun wani da manyan girma na ruwa (a kalla biyu lita). Wuce haddi ruwa zai tsarma gubobi, rage taro kuma a fitarwa da wani ɓangare daga gare su a cikin fitsari. Wadannan biyu cututtuka a sama suna dauke duniya, da kuma faruwa a kusan dukkanin cututtuka. All sauran siffofin ne saboda da halayyar fasali na musamman pathogen, exotoxins da kuma sauran m dalilai.

takamaiman cututtuka

Wadannan sun hada da, misali, ya kamata sun hada da tarin fuka, syphilis. Wadannan pathologies ne ɗan daban-daban daga wasu. Ba dole ne a ce cewa wadannan cututtuka zama na dogon lokaci a cikin jikin mutum da kuma 'yan "amfani" to su. Yawanci, wadannan cututtuka ba tare da wani haske asibiti hoto. Duk da haka, da wani bango da cututtuka ci gaba takamaiman kumburi, wanda za a iya gani ta (microscope). Wadannan cututtuka ne mai wuya a far. Lokacin da wannan magani ne da nufin kawar da kawai na asibiti manifestations na kamuwa da cuta. Gaba daya kawar da jiki na musamman cututtuka ne ba zai yiwu a yau.

Active rigakafi

The m tsarin na jiki hada biyu rassan: salula da kuma humoral. A karshen ne zama dole ga halittar takamaiman antibodies da antigens na cutarwa kwayoyin. Tare da shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin pathogen haɗuwa da rigakafi Kwayoyin - macrophages. Sun kashe kwayoyin cuta da karatu da tsarin a cikin tsari. Sa'an nan, su canja wurin bayanai zuwa tsakiyar jikin na kariya tsarin. Su, bi da bi, da hidima don a samar da siginar sunadaran (antibodies) ya zama m na attaching to kwayoyin cuta da kashe su. Antibody samar da jini. Cell don kare jiki gina bisa ga wani makirci. Farin jini Kwayoyin kai farmaki waje kwayoyin cuta, ta amfani da proteolytic enzymes. Outwardly, su ne ruɓaɓɓen jini. Saboda gaban wadannan enzymes ruɓaɓɓen jini ne iya rushe da kewaye nama da kuma karya fita, dauke da shi da waje mahadi.

Jihar na da kwayoyin bayan far

Farfadowa da na'ura na jiki na iya zama na uku iri: full, dakin gwaje-gwaje ko asibiti. A karshen harka muna magana ne game da babu alamun cewa dangantaka da cutar. Laboratory dawo da kafa a cikin wani akwati inda ba alama dakin gwaje-gwaje da ãyõyinMu. Complete magani aka dauke su a yanayin a cikin abin da jikin mutum ba a gano qeta microbes cewa jawo Pathology. Hakika, ba duk cututtuka suna kammala dawo da. A yi, da yawa lokuta ya ruwaito da kuma mutuwa sakamako. Har ila yau, a lokacin da Pathology na m iya zama na kullum.

a ƙarshe

Sama a teburin. mutum cuta lalacewa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta a cikin rãyuwar makirci suna hasken taƙaice.