Compositional na'urar a cikin adabi: description, aikace-aikace da kuma dokoki

The kalmar "abun da ke ciki" an fara samun a cikin makaranta, a nan gaba kuma shi ya zama mai ambatacce, sa'an nan manufar hankali fadada zuwa key a wani shirin fahimta da wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. Akwai da dama hanyoyin da siffofin m misali na gaskiya, da kuma kamar yadda daya daga cikin manyan formative raka'a dauke da wani compositional na'urar.

Making

"Abun da ke ciki" daga Latin aka fassara da cewa hanya. Ko "aiki". Wannan sabon abu ba da karatu a cikakke labari da kullum da wani rubutu. Yadda ya fassara compositional na'urar don taimaka gano duk na rubutu a dama domin, wanda shi ne saboda zalla abun ciki na wannan aiki? Hakika, da abun da ke ciki - ba kawai sarkar na al'amuran da aukuwa a Shirin zanen sassa na rubutu akwai wani fiye da nagartaccen m aiki.

Saboda haka, hanya daya don rage duk abubuwa na abun da ke ciki - jawo sama da dukan labari na kwatancin, monologue, tattaunawa, hasashe, Saka labarai, copyright retreats heroes halaye na mãkirci na labari da kuma mãkirci, shimfidar da kuma hotuna. Wannan shi ne na farko compositional na'urar.

Dubi baya da kuma nan gaba

Retrospective daukan karatu da baya a lokacin, inda marubucin ya sanya shi a cikin abubuwan da suka faru tare da harafin kamar yadda ka so na dogon lokaci, kuma ta haka ne kuranye da tushen abin da ke faruwa a cikin rãyuwar. Compositional dabara amfani da mawallafa na retrospection sosai yadu da kuma akai-akai biyu a litattafan da a wakoki.

Sosai yadda ya kamata halitta da rikici, da lokacin da marubucin jũyar surori, bada su daya bayan daya zuwa dama heroes, ko events ko wuraren. Haka kuma, kowane babi ƙare da ba a kare ba, kuma m scene. Akwai wata babbar tutu ga mai karatu da sauri flipping on. Irin wannan compositional dabaru a cikin adabi ake kira discontinuities. Bugu da kari, da abun da ke ciki kanta iya ginannun thematically, madubi, a kan zobe ko a baya domin na events.

hudu Sa'a

A abun da ke ciki na wani daga cikin multilayer samfurin dole, kowane daga cikinsu akwai "biyu" da kuma ko "sau uku kasa", "U-kwarara" kuma ko da whirlpools. Yaya marubucin cinma wannan shubuha? Hakika, amfani da wani iri-iri compositional dabaru a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Su m tsararru. Babban abu - hudu: taron, 'yan adawa, da riba da kuma sake.

Maimaita - sauki da kuma musamman tasiri, ya zo, Ya kwarara cikin talakawa kalmomi wani m mahallin, ba jituwa sauti, taimaka wajen gano babban. A nan, mafi pertinent misali na wani sananne duk Blok ta waka "Night, titi, fitilar, kantin magunguna ...", inda babban compositional dabaru - maimaitawa kuma ƙarfafa - show circularity da'irar rayuwa da akai koma wuce. Hakazalika, a litattafan - wasu maimaituwa abu ko wani image na samfurin da aka nuna a cikin leitmotifs wanda permeates su da kuma cewa daukan mutunci. Alal misali, tashin Li'azaru daga matattu a Dostoevsky ( "Laifuka da azãba"), ko siffar wani mamakon a Ostrovsky.

Karfafa da kuma 'yan adawa

Ƙarfafa biyu maraba kusa da Replay, amma akwai fiye da wani sakamako a cikin m canja wuri mamaki ko events, kamar yadda zaba sassa ko hotuna da suke da kama da na farko, cewa da kowane sabon fitarwa karuwa wani tunanin tashin hankali mai karatu da sauri cika sũranta hoto dukkan sabon sassa da bayyane images. Musamman mai kyau a cikin liyafar litattafan Gogol (bayanin Sobakevich Iliya ko gidan). Chekhov wannan dabara da ake amfani a cikin labarin "The Man a wani Case".

Daura da liyafar ba shi da kyau da kuma kasa tasiri. Contrasting in ba haka ba - da antithesis, da yin amfani da contrasting images. Tare da babban karfi bayyananne data compositional dabaru a waqe. Ka tuna Lermontov, inda girman kai zuriyar baki jini da aka zubar kusa da mawãƙi ta m jini kamar yadda ta shudders zurfin kowane karatu ta zuciya daga irin wannan adawar. A compositionally adawa ne yanzu kusan ko'ina, shi ne makawa: da hadari da kuma kwantar da hankula ( "Sail" Lermontov), Onegin da Lensky. Ba tare da bambanci ba memba na wani daya samfurin, ko shayari, litattafan ko da yake, maraba da karfi da ma'ana.

Samu da kuma kafuwa

Wannan kungiyar na biyu dabaru - contrasting kuma maimaita. Kamar wancan shi samu musamman karfi sakamako - mai sheki abun da ke ciki. Samu fassara a matsayin hadawa, don haka yana da sauki a tuna da sunan wani compositional na'urar cewa hadawa da darajar iyakacin duniya daban-daban. maimaita zahiri da wani kusan daidai madubi Lokacin qagaggun amma da na juna darajar. Ka tuna: Tatiana da kuma Onegin scene tsawatar Tatiana a farko da kuma wani scene tsakanin Onegin da Tatiana da tsautawa Onegin - a karshen labari. Mirror abun da ke ciki - wani sosai lashe da iko kayan aiki.

Girkawar - Yanayin aiki fiye da hadaddun, mugun wayo kokarin gano, amma da dan wasan tabo. Lokacin karanta, duk da haka, shi ji kamar wata ãyã ba, ko lalle ne, haƙĩƙa marubucin mai dogon tunani, a compositional na'urar don zaɓar, tattara wasanin gwada ilimi, motsi da biyu daban-daban images gefe da gefe haka cewa su unguwa da aka haife na uku, da wani sabon ma'anar. Alal misali, Pavel Petrovich, wani aristocrat wanda yana a kan tebur ne da azurfa farantin toka a cikin nau'i na Lapot. Azurfa. Bast. Yanzu mun san duk game da aristocrat Pavel Petrovich ta hanyar oxymoron, harhada by Turgenev, wanda basira da amfani da kumshin kayan aikin.

Dabaru da kuma su matakan

A abun da ke ciki na aiki duk dabaru amfani da su yi daya daga biyu dabam-dabam ayyuka. A kumshin liyafar shirya wani raba yanki na rubutu - da micro-matakin, ko da duka da rubutu a matsayin ka'ida na abun da ke ciki - Macro matakin. Aka maimaita a raba kashi ayar rubutu sau da yawa yana amfani da irin hanyoyi kamar anaphora (mutumin management) kuma rhyme (sauti ayoyi maimaita a bangon).

Yanayin aiki riba a litattafan mafi sau da yawa anan a micro matakin, a cikin bayanin irin abu ko sabon abu, kamar yadda a cikin waka ne mai girma hanyar ƙirƙirar kowa hadin kai na abun da ke ciki. Kamar yadda wani misali ba za mu iya tuna Pushkin ta waka "Annabi" (kuma Rimsky-Korsakov rubuta cikin music sosai domin shi cewa liyafar riba za a iya ko ze shãfe). Hawa ma wani lokacin zama Macro matakin da shirya da abun da ke ciki na dukan aikin, ko da sosai kewaye, kamar, misali, Pushkina ( "Boris Godunov") ko Bulgakov ( "Master kuma Margarita").

Compositional dabaru da kuma effects

Taruwa, da kuma karawa 'yan adawa da kuma maimaita - wani daga cikin muhimman hakkokin compositional dabaru, da kuma ba kawai na asali, za a iya fadada da darajar da manufa na abun da ke ciki. Amma a cikin zuciya na kowane daga cikin wadannan ka'idojin ta'allaka da farko tare da sakamako. In ba haka ba, me ya sa duk da fuss da compositional dabaru, idan na iya takaita bayani a kan tushen da tarho directory.

Abin da compositional dabaru ƙara zuwa samfurin na sakamako? Alal misali, idan mataki zai fara daga farkon taron, da kuma mataimakin versa - daga kasa, a hankali gina a gaba episode, da kuma nassi na lokaci bayanin Sanadin events faru. Wannan ake kira baya abun da ke ciki, mai matukar ban sha'awa da dabara ( "Me?" Chernyshevsky). Kuma idan wani maimaita ayoyi kamar siffatawa waka ko bayanin cewa kara a farko da kuma ƙarshen aikin, da zobe rufe abun da ke ciki, da kuma wannan dabara za a kira - da abun da ke ciki ko halitta annular firam. Amfani da sau da yawa sosai a cikin ayar kuma a litattafan.

m image

M image - mai girma Oganeza na abun da ke ciki. Litattafan Gogol, misali, yana da wani jan zare ta hanyar dukan waka "Matattu Rayukan," wani image na hanya, wanda aiki a matsayin wani share makirci na labari: hanyar zuwa birnin na NN, daga can hanyar zuwa Manilovka, da hanya zuwa akwatin da cewa hanya zuwa wani gidan cin abinci zuwa kasancewa akwai Nozdryov hanya zuwa Nozdryov, hanya a kan - daga gida zuwa gida. Kuma litattafan Gogol kammala tsada sosai. Saboda haka, wannan shi ne wani gini-kafa a kashi.

Har ila yau, marubucin ya iya sa shirya kashi na daukan hotuna, kamar Pushkin ta labari "Eugene Onegin", inda shi ne dukan babin farko. Compositional dabaru ne fasali na aukuwa, images, kalmomi, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, domes, scenes - wani abu, kuma wannan ka'ida na abun da ke ciki shi ne ma Popular ya zuwa yanzu. Game da samu da kuma kumshin katsewa an riga an ce, za mu iya kawai ƙara da cewa mafi yawan karshen ne mawallafa na jami'in tsaro da kuma kasada da labaru don bunkasa rikici.

batutuwa

Shi ne kuma quite compositional dabaru, marubucin kuranye up mafi fili da dangantakar dake tsakanin protagonists na aiki ko ta tsakiyar image. Irin wannan hanyar an fi son lyric mawãƙi ne.

A jerin labari, ma'ana tattaunawa, wadda tasowa daga tunani zuwa tunani, abu zuwa karshe ƙarshe kamar yadda, misali, a da yawa waqe na Pushkin, Tiutchev, Mayakovsky, da kuma kira da abun da ke ciki na jerin inda jerin - liyafar.