Eastern Alkawaran - a ... nakasar malformations. Valvular cututtukan zuciya da

Nakasar - menene wannan? Amsar wannan tambaya, ba za ka koya daga cikin gabatar articles. Bugu da kari, za mu gaya muku abin da iri lahani zama, me ya sa suka ci gaba, da sauransu.

Janar bayani a kan haihuwa lahani

Mataimakin - shi ne mahaukaci ci gaba, kazalika da tarin wani sabawa daga al'ada (misali) da tsarin da jikin mutum cewa faruwa a lokacin fetal ci gaban (kasa zubar jinni).

Yawanci, irin wannan gyare-gyare da ake kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban na waje da kuma na ciki dalilai (msl, hormonal cuta, gadar hali, kasawarmu, jam sel, kwayar cutar, ionizing radiation, oxygen karancin da sauransu.). Tun da na biyu da rabi daga cikin karni na ashirin, masana fara lura da wani gagarumin hanzari na pathological canje-canje. Mai haihuwa lahani faruwa a mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin raya ƙasashe.

m dalilai

A 40-60% na mutanen da ba su san da Sanadin sabawa na bayanai. Irin wannan marasa lafiya ajali ya shafi, wanda sauti kamar "harben haihuwa lahani." Wannan magana tana nufin abin da ya faru na mai haɗari ko ba a sani ba haddasawa, kazalika da rage hadarin sake aukuwa a nan gaba tsara.

Domin 20-25% na wadanda haihuwa lahani an kafa daga "Multi-factor" Yanã, cewa shi ne wani hadadden hulda da kwayoyin lahani (yawanci kananan) ko hadarin dalilai na yanayi. 10-13% na anomalies labarta kawai ga muhalli daukan hotuna. Kuma kawai 12-25% na lahani ne kawai da kwayoyin ci gaban da dalili.

Saboda haka, mu tattauna a more daki-daki me ya sa wasu mutane ne nakasar malformations.

teratogen

A mataki na wadannan dalilai dogara a kan sashi. Bambance-bambance teratogenic effects a jinsuna daban iya alaka da rayuwa da siffofin tsotsa ikon da wani abu a shiga mahaifa da kuma yada a ko'ina cikin jiki.

A mafi m da kuma karatu teratogenic dalilai

Malformation ne mafi sau da yawa gani a cikin wadanda suka ne batun da wadannan tsoma:

• Cututtuka da cewa suna daga uwa zuwa tayin. A iri-iri na wannan kwayar cututtuka canjawa wuri a lokacin haihuwa a matsayin mumps, rubella ko inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, zai iya da kyau taimaka wa ci gaban lahani.
• Barasa. Na musamman muhimmancin ne shan barasa na iyaye, ko kuma wajen, shi da uwarsa. Shan barasa a lokacin daukar ciki zai iya kai wa fetal barasa ciwo.
• Ionizing radiation. Exposure zuwa rediyoaktif isotopes, kazalika da X-haskoki iya samun mummunan tasiri a kan kwayoyin na'ura. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa radiation (ionizing), kuma yana da wata guba sakamako. Wannan harka shi ne hanyar da mafi yawan nakasar anomalies.
• Magunguna. Don kwanan wata, babu irin wannan magani da cewa dã an gane gaba daya lafiya ga tayin, musamman a lokacin farko da biyu awo na ciki.
• Nicotine. Hayaki nan gaba uwãyensu (a lokacin daukar ciki) zai iya quite iya kai wa ga gaskiya cewa yaro zai fada a baya a jiki ci gaba.
• Nutrientnye deficits. A rashin lamba na gina jiki (msl, aidin, Myo-inositol, folate da sauransu.) Shi ne tabbatar da hadarin factor ga nakasar cututtukan zuciya da kuma na tsarin jijiya tube lahani.

Ka yi la'akari da wannan kowa anomaly ne mai zuciya lahani bawul a zurfafe.

zuciya lahani

Cututtukan zuciya ne pathologic canji bawul, babu manyan thoracic tasoshi, zuciya ganuwar, sakamakon lalace jini na al'ada motsi. An lura da cewa irin wannan sabawa za a iya ko dai samu ko nakasar.

Mafi sau da yawa, da mũnãnan ayyuka na zuciya bawuloli faruwa saboda matsanancin rigakafi fama sojojin na jikin mutum da infiltrated cikin shi cutarwa kwayoyin. Jiyya na sabawa da nawa don maye gurbin da na halitta, amma lalace bawuloli, wucin gadi surgically.

Lokacin tasowa lahani

Wannan pathological sabon abu (na kowane irin) ne mafi sau da yawa kafa a lokacin da amfrayo morphogenesis (ie, 3-10 makonni). Wannan hujja ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokacin, keta tafiyar matakai na haifuwa, bambantawa, hijirarsa da kuma cell mutuwa. Wadannan mamaki faruwa a interstitial ruwa, kwayuka, mezhorgannom, extracellular, sashin jiki da kuma nama matakan.

data kasance iri

Nakasar - shi ne za'a fadada category, wanda ya hada da sosai yanayi daban-daban daga qananan jiki anomalies (misali, manyan moles, birthmarks, da dai sauransu ..) Don tsanani take hakki na mutum tsarin (misali, zuciya bawul lahani na wata gabar jiki, da sauransu.). Akwai ma hade munanan cewa shafar da dama sassa na jiki a lokaci guda. Lahani a metabolism kuma dauke nakasar.

A likita yi, akwai uku na asali iri haihuwa lahani:

• inborn kurakurai na metabolism.
• nakasar jiki anomaly.
• wasu kwayoyin lahani.

aukuwar

Dogon lokacin da nazarin na nakasar anomalies sun nuna cewa daya ko wasu malformation da tayin bayyana a wani mita, dangane da jima'i da yaro. Alal misali, clavate tasha da pyloric stenosis ne mafi kowa a boys, kuma nakasar hip sāke wuri - a 'yan mata.

Daga cikin wadanda yara suka haifa tare da daya koda, da kuma mafi wakilan da karfi jima'i. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa mafi yawan wadannan anomalies, kamar yadda wuce haddi da yawan hakarkarinsa, hakora, vertebrae da kuma sauran gabobin, an samu tsakanin jariri 'yan mata.

List of malformations

Yau, akwai mutane da yawa lahani. Mafi sau da yawa suna gano a lokacin da wani duban dan tayi uwa tasa ta gudanar da bincike. Idan wani anomaly ne tsanani isa, mace miƙa wa žare ciki. Wannan shi ne saboda da farko da gaskiyar cewa yaro za a haife duk rayuwarsa a hadarin, da kuma jin baya (dangane da irin abnormality).

Bari mu bincika abin da tare malformations zama:

• aortic lahani.
• atresia na da jejunum .
• agenesis na huhu.
• acrania.
• hadin koda agenesis.
• anencephaly.
• nakasar sāke wuri na hip.
• unilateral koda agenesis.
• esophageal atresia.
• nakasar cloaca.
• zabiya.
• Association VACTERL.
• aplasia na huhu.
• kogon palate.
• tsuliya atresia.
• clavate tasha.
• Down ta ciwo .
• nakasar cretinism.
• nakasar megacolon.
• nakasar zuciya cuta.
• hydrocephalus.
• hernia.
• hypoplasia na huhu.
• esophageal diverticulum.
• syndactyly.
• polysomes ta X-chromosome.
• Meckel ta diverticulum.
• Patau ciwo .
• kogon lebe.
• polysolid.
• Klinefelter ta ciwo.
• cryptorchidism.
• malformations na jima'i gabobin.
• kwancen kafa.
• Klippel-Feil ciwo.
• megacolon.
• CRI du hira.
• microcephaly.
• Turner ta ciwo.
• hypoplasia na femur da tibia ƙasũsuwa,
• fetal barasa ciwo.
• omphalocele.
• kashin baya hernia.
• fibrodisplations.
• pyloric stenosis.
• polydactyly.
• Edwards ciwo .
• synophtalmia.
• exencephalocele.
• exstrophy na mafitsara.
• epispadias.
• ectrodactyly.

don takaita

Kamar yadda ka gani, akwai quite mai yawa haihuwa lahani da faruwa a cikin tayi a utero ci gaba. Don kauce wa abin da ya faru na wannan munanan a cikin yaro ta nan gaba iyaye ya kamata kauce daukan hotuna da abubuwan bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da ilimi. Saboda haka, nan gaba uwaye da kakanninsu, shi ne shawarar zuwa daina shan barasa don 6-9 watanni kafin ganewa, kuma ba a yi amfani da su a lokacin daukar ciki (ga mata). Bugu da kari, ya kamata ka daina shan taba, kauce wa wuraren da akwai iya zama ionizing radiation, ba dauki kwayoyi, ba wajabta ta likita mafi sau da yawa ya zama a waje da kuma dauki dukan zama dole bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.