Combustible gas: sunan, Properties da aikace-aikace

Combustible gas - wani abu da low dokin konewa zafi. Wannan shi ne babban bangaren na gaseous man fetur, wanda aka yi amfani ga birane gas wadata, a cikin masana'antu da kuma a wasu duniyoyin rayuwa. Physico-sinadaran halaye na wadannan gas dogara a kan gaban a su tsarin incombustible aka gyara da kuma gurɓatawa.

Iri da kuma asalin combustible gas

Konewa gas hada da methane, propane, butane, ethane, hydrogen da carbon monoxide, impurities wani lokacin tare da hexane da pentane. Su an samu a cikin hanyoyi biyu - daga filayen da na halitta da kuma wucin gadi wajen. Gas halitta asalin - da man fetur, da sakamakon na halitta biochemical tafiyar matakai na bazuwar kwayoyin halitta. Mai adibas suna located a zurfin kasa da 1.5 km da ya kunshi yafi na methane da kananan admixtures na propane, butane da ethane. Tare da kara zurfin kara yawan impurities. Samu daga halitta adibas ko matsayin gas rakiyar filayen man fetur.

A mafi gas da adibas sun mayar da hankali a sedimentary kankara (sandstones, gravels). Overlying kuma muhimmi yadudduka ne m lãka kankara. Kamar yadda tafin kafa da yafi bauta wa man fetur da kuma ruwa. Wucin gadi - combustible gas samar saboda thermal aiki iri-iri na m man fetur (coke, da dai sauransu), Kuma Kalam na man fetur kayayyakin.

Babban bangaren na iskar gas da ake samarwa a cikin bushe adibas ne methane da adadi kaɗan na propane, butane da ethane. Halitta gas ne halin da m abun da ke ciki, shi ne classified a matsayin bushe. A abun da ke ciki na iskar gas samar a lokacin da man fetur refining da gas-gauraye adibas, shi ne m da kuma dogara a kan gaur na man fetur da na halitta da kuma man gas gaurayawan karkashin yanayi. Yana hada da wani gagarumin adadin propane, butane, ethane, da kuma sauran kãyã da mãsu nauyi hydrocarbons dauke a cikin man har sai da kananzir da kuma fetur kasarun adadi.

Hakar combustible iskar gas ne cire shi daga cikin subsoil, tarin, kau wuce haddi danshi da kuma shirye-shiryen kai ga mabukaci. Feature gas ne cewa a duk matakai na samuwar zuwa karshen mai amfani da dukan tsari ne shãfe haske.

Combustible gas da dũkiyõyinsu

Zharoproizvoditelnost - matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki, saki da cikakken konewa na bushe gas a rubuce ake bukata adadin iska. A wannan yanayin da zafi zafi da ciyar kayayyakin na konewa. Domin methane da wannan siga ne 2043 ° C, butane - 2118, propane - 2110.

A ƙonewa zazzabi - magangara mafi ƙasƙanci zazzabi a wadda maras wata-wata ƙonewa aiwatar ba tare da daukan hotuna zuwa wani waje source, wani tartsatsi ko harshen wuta, saboda zafin rana saki da gas barbashi. Wannan siga ne da muhimmanci musamman domin sanin halatta surface zazzabi na'ura amfani da m yankunan, wanda dole ne ku ƙẽtare ƙonewa zazzabi. Domin irin wannan hardware da ake sa zazzabi aji.

Flash batu - magangara mafi ƙasƙanci zazzabi a wadda isa tururi da aka saki (a kan ruwa surface) ya ƙone da wuta da ta fi ƙanƙanta. Wannan dukiyar kamata ba generalize tare da wani flash batu, kamar yadda wadannan sigogi iya bambanta zuwa babban har.

gas / tururi yawa. M a kwatanta da iska, wanda yawa ne daidai 1. The gas yawa <1 - girma> 1 - da dama. Alal misali, ga methane, adadi ne 0,55.

A hatsarin inflammable gas

Combustible gas ne m uku na da kaddarorin:

1. Combustibility. Akwai wani hadarin wuta dangantawa da uncontrolled walai daga gas.
2. Yawan guba. A hadarin iskar gas mai guba ko da kayayyakin na konewa (carbon monoxide).
3. Strangulation saboda oxygen rashi, wanda za a iya sauya ta wani gas.

A konewa tsari ne mai sinadaran dauki, wanda ya hada da oxygen. Lokacin da wannan makamashi da aka saki a matsayin zafi, harshen wuta. Flammable abu abubuwa gas. A tsari na konewa gas ne zai yiwu a gaban uku dalilai:

• A ƙonewa Madogararsa.
• Combustible gas.
• Oxygen.

Dalilin da wuta kariya ne don kawar da a kalla daya daga cikin dalilai.

methane

Yana da wani colorless haske flammable gas ba tare da wari. Shi ne ba mai guba. Methane ne 98% na iskar gas. An yi imani da babban kayyade Properties na iskar gas. Shi ne 75% na carbon da kuma 25% hydrogen. Weight shigen sukari. m - 0,717 kg. Liquefied a zazzabi na 111 K, yayin da ta girma an rage sau 600. Yana yana da wani low reactivity.

propane

Propane - man fetur da gas ne colorless kuma odorless. Yana yana da mafi girma reactivity fiye da methane. Da abun ciki na iskar gas 0,1-11% by nauyi. The free gas daga gauraye gas adibas zuwa 20% a sarrafa m habaka (lignite da kwal, da kwal kwalta) zuwa 80%. Propane da ake amfani a daban-daban halayen, don samar da ethylene, propylene, olefins, m alcohols, acetone, formic acid da kuma propionic acid, nitroparaffins.

butane

The man fetur da gas ne colorless, tare da wani wari. Butane gas ne maras tabbas, kuma saukin compressible. Dauke gas da man fetur zuwa 12% da kundinta. Har ila yau, an samu daga fatattaka daga man fetur kasarun adadi da kuma ta dakin gwaje-gwaje da Wurtz dauki. Misãlin zafin jiki ^na -138 C. Kamar yadda da dukan hydrocarbon gas, wuta Hazard. Cutarwa ga juyayi tsarin lokacin da inhaled sa tabarbarewa na numfashi na'ura. Butane (gas) yana narcotic Properties.

ethane

Ethane - gas ne colorless kuma odorless. Wakilin hydrocarbons. Dehydrogenation a 550-650 ⁰ C take kaiwa zuwa ethylene, a wuce haddi na 800 ⁰ C - to acetylene. Dauke halitta da kuma hade gas zuwa 10%. Bayar low-zazzabi barasan. Gwaji yawa na ethane ake jefarwa a lokacin da fatattaka daga man fetur. A vitro ta shirya Wurtz dauki. Shi ne babban albarkatun kasa don roba chloride da ethylene.

hydrogen

M da odorless gas. Nontoxic, 14.5 sau wuta fiye iska. By irin hydrogen ne daban-daban daga cikin iska. Yana yana high reactivity, walai m iyaka, a sosai m. Yana da wani ɓangare na kusan duk hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi. A mafi wuya gas da za a matsa. Free hydrogen a cikin yanayi ne musamman rare, amma a cikin nau'i na mahadi ne sosai na kowa.

carbon monoxide

Colorless iskar gas, odorless kuma m. Weight na 1 cc. m - 1.25 kg. Dauke da m gas tare da methane da sauran hydrocarbons. Karuwan yawan carbon monoxide a cikin man fetur da gas rage zafin konewa. Yana yana da wani mai guba sakamako a kan jikin mutum.

A amfani da combustible gas

Combustible gas da wani babban calorific darajar, kuma su ne saboda haka sosai tattali da makamashi da man fetur. An yadu amfani ga iyali bukatun, a ikon shuke-shuke, metallurgy, gilashin, sumunti da abinci masana'antu, kamar yadda wani mota man fetur, samar da shiri kayan.

Amfani flammable gas a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin samar da kwayoyin mahadi kamar formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, acetaldehyde, saboda gaban a cikin tsarin da hydrocarbons. Methane a matsayin babban bangaren da iskar gas da man fetur, an yadu amfani da samar da daban-daban Organic kayayyakin. Domin samar da ammonia da kuma iri daban-daban alcohols amfani kira gas - wani samfurin na hira da methane da oxygen ko ruwa tururi. Kuma pyrolysis na acetylene samu ta hanyar dehydrogenation na methane, hydrogen tare da kuma carbon baki. Hydrogen, bi da bi, amfani ga kira na ammonia. Combustible gas, da farko ethane, amfani a cikin shirye-shiryen da ethylene da propylene, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin feedstock domin samar da robobi, roba zaruruwa da kuma roba rubbers.

Alamar rahama makãmashin yankunan da yawa na kasa tattalin arzikin da aka liquefied methane. A amfani da liquefied gas a lokuta da dama, yana mafi girma tattalin arziki, yayin taimakawa don runtse materialozatraty sufuri da kuma warware matsalolin gas wadata a wasu yankunan, za ka iya ƙirƙiri reserves na raw kayan da bukatun da sinadaran masana'antu.