Cape Canaveral. Kusa da Stars

Cape Canaveral, Florida - a nan shi ne babban ƙaddamar kushin na Gabas roka kewayon - babban sarari na Amurka tashar jiragen ruwa.

daga cikin rake

Komai a fili a cikin 16th karni a kan tekun na Florida, Turawa ba da sunan da Cape Cañaveral, wanda aka fassara daga Spanish nufin "rake thickets." Bayan niyya ga fitar da 'yan asalin yawan - da India kabilu timakua, Calusa da Seminole - zaunar a kan ƙasashen Cape warwatse gonaki, da kuma a kan Coast - masunta da haraji na jatan lande.

By tsakiyar karni na karshe, kunno kai American sarari shirin dauki ƙasa domin makami mai linzami gwaje-gwaje. Tun shekarar 1948, za mu fara gudanar da wani aiki a kan reorganization na sojan ruwa tashar "Banana River" (US Navy) da kuma halittar kan ta da asali na Amurka Air Force tushe da kuma gwaji cibiyar. A wuri da aka ba zaba kwatsam. Sparse yawan jama'a da kuma kusanci da tekun Atlantic rage girman hatsari ga yanayi a taron na gazawar da sub-orbital gabatar da.

Idan sami Cape Canaveral (spaceport) a kan taswira, buga da wani m low latitud yankunan - 28 ˚ N Don kwatanta: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Wannan tsiraru da tabbatar da ƙarin abũbuwan amfãni:

• Don cimma farko cosmic gudu ta amfani da sanadin motsi makamashi na juyawa daga cikin Duniya.
• A karuwa a taro na dangi da roka har zuwa 30%.
• Fuel tattalin arzikin domin fitarwa naúra zuwa geostationary falaki.

farko gabatar da

A farko jirgin na biyu mataki hawa jefa site a Cape Canaveral aika zuwa sararin sama a cikin Yuli 1950. Booster roka abin hawa "damina 2" damar isa wani Littãfi a lokacin da tsawo - 400 km. Amma da yunkurin kawo a cikin sarari guda na farko wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam a watan Disamba 1957 ya ci tura - fashewa da man fetur tankuna halakar da m roka "Vanguard TV-3" biyu seconds bayan fara. A shekarar 1958, ya aiki a kan nazarin m sarari da kuma haifar da wani kimiyya da kuma fasaha tushen da ya jagoranci sabuwar gwamnatin tarayya dillancin - NASA.

Operation na jefa hadaddun da korau dalilai saukar yanki: Cape Canaveral rife da karfi mahaukaciyar guguwa da saukar aradu. Biyu-farawa Tsarin aka partially halaka su da bala'o'i, da kuma ga tsari na walƙiya ya Shell fitar da wani ƙarin dubun miliyoyin daloli.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport ko Force Base?

A 1962, da National Agency ya fara gina da kansa jefa wuraren da aka fi sani a matsayin Launch Center, kuma tun Nuwamba 1963 (bayan kisan gillar da 35th shugaban Amurka), suka sake masa suna cikin Kennedy Space Center. A cikin duka, da kabido da ke makwabtaka da tsibirin Merritt Island, da nasaba da na kowa kayayyakin da aka gina fiye da talatin gammaye.

A latsa sau da yawa spaceport a Cape Canaveral ake kira, a gaskiya, biyu administrative raka'a na zuwa daban-daban hukumomin gwamnati. All gabatar da aka za'ayi har 1965 da Air Force tushe. Mafi shahara daga cikin manufa:

• Launch na farko American tauraron dan adam (1958).
• A farko American sub-orbital (1961) da kuma orbital (1962) national jannati.
• Launch na farko American ƙungiya biyu (1964) da kuma uku (1968) rãyukansu ba.
• A binciken da na wani sarari suKe jikin na hasken rana tsarin interplanetary atomatik tashoshin.

Daga "Gemini" to "Space Jigila"

Top star na almara na Center. Kennedy ya kaddamar da jerin manned kumbon sama jannati "Gemini" tare da 'yan saman jannati biyu a kan jirgin. A total na 12 sarari flights da aka yi a wannan manufa. Babban nasara shi ne spacewalk jannati E. White.

Cape Canaveral rako a kan jirgin na 'yan saman jannati wanda ya ziyarci halitta da tauraron dan adam na Duniya. Duk abin farawa a shirin shiri da kuma aiwatar da manned jirgin da kuma saukowa a kan watã ( "Apollo") kerarre gammaye na Center.

Saboda haka, ma, ya fara tafiya zuwa kusa-Duniya yanayin biyar American "Jigila" - sarari jigila. Daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekarar 2011, 135 flights aka yi. Sadar cikin sarari guda 1.6 thous. Ton na payloads da kuma kayan aiki, da za'ayi taro da bincike, gyara da kafuwa aiki.

Yau da gobe

Tun shekarar 2011, Cape Canaveral daukawa manned gabatar da. A dangane da raguwa a kudade domin sarari shirye-shirye a cikin aiki da shi ne goyan kawai hudu jefa gammaye. Part gidaje remodeled da kuma kyautata tafiyar da sabon dako. Alal misali, shigarwa na LC-39A (a karon farko tun 2011) da aka shirya don aika jerin roka Falcon 9FT sarari. Fabrairu-Maris 2017 uku da Jirgi farko.

A rata na harkokin tattalin arziki da Rasha kira a cikin tambaya wasu gagarumi Amurka ayyukan. An ƙara zama muhimmin ci gaban zaman kansa sarari hukumomin. Saboda haka, ayyukan Dragon da Falcon-9 daga SpaceX kamfanin ta nufa don rage dogaro da masana'antu a kan gyara daga Rasha. A halin yanzu NPO "ENERGOMASH" ya tabbatar da shiri ya sanya a Amurka a cikin shekaru biyu da 14 roka engine RD-181 da yarjejeniyar baya kammala.