Bunin, "Ƙauyen": bincike. "Ƙauyen", Bunin: babban haruffa

Mafi barga, Organic, sabon a cikin ayyukan Bunin ta farko shekaru bayan juyin juya hali na 1905-1907. Ya zama burin yin nazarin gaskiyar zamantakewa. Ayyukan wadannan shekarun sun shafi mu a cikin zurfin tunani game da tarihin Rasha, da mutanensa, makomar juyin juya halin Rasha. Akwai fassara kan tarihin kasa, tarihi, tunani mai zurfin tunani-falsafa.

Yanayin halayen "Village"

Labarin "Ƙauyen", wanda aka halicce shi a 1910, yana da irin waɗannan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin al'ada na yau da kullum. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan farko na Ivan Alekseevich da aka rubuta a rubuce. A kan halittarsa, marubucin ya yi aiki shekaru 10, ya fara aiki a 1900.

Voronovsky ya bayyana wannan aikin, wanda ya buɗe yarinya a cikin aikin Bunin, a matsayin nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da "kasawar tunawa" (wato, dalilin da ya sa aka yi nasara a juyin juya hali). Duk da haka, wannan fassarar tarihin labarin ba'a iyakance ba. Labarin lalacewar ɗakin da aka samu a cikin "Ƙauyuka" na Rasha shine daya daga cikin fassarori masu kyau game da ƙarshen tsarin mulki na tarihin zamani. Akwai hoto na kowa: ƙauyen shine mulkin mutuwa da yunwa.

Ayyukan da marubucin ya tsara don kansa shi ne ya nuna wa mutanen Rasha ba tare da yin bayani ba. Saboda haka, Ivan Alekseevich yana gudanar da bincike maras kyau ("Village"). Bunin yana da wadataccen abu a gare shi, wanda ya ba marubucin sanannun rayuwar yau da kullum, rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma ilimin tunanin dan Adam na Rasha. Abin baƙin ciki, rashin talauci, wanda bayyanar mutane - rikice-rikice, rashin karuwa, al'adu marar tausayi - marubucin ya lura da ita, yana yanke shawara, kuma yana gudanar da cikakken bincike.

"Ƙauyen" (Bunin): tushen asalin akidar

Labarin akida na labarin shine tunani a kan rikice-rikice da matsala akan wannan tambaya "Wane ne zai zargi?". Kuzma Krasov, daya daga cikin manyan haruffan, yana shan damuwa a kan maganin wannan tambaya. Ya yi imanin cewa babu wani abu da ya dace daga mutane marasa tausayi, amma ɗan'uwansa, Tikhon Krasov, - cewa maƙwabtan da kansu za su zargi da wannan halin.

Wadannan halayen da aka ambata a sama sune ainihin haruffa na wannan aikin. Tikhon Krasov ya ƙunshi fuskar sabuwar ƙauyen gari, kuma Kuzma ƙwararrun mutane ne. Bunin ya yi imanin cewa mutanen da kansu suna da laifi saboda mummunan bala'i, amma ba ya ba da cikakken amsar wannan tambayar, menene ya kamata a yi.

Labari "Ƙauyen" (Bunin): abun da ke cikin aikin

Labarin ya faru a ƙauyen Durnovka, wanda shine hoto na gama gari na kauye mai wahala. A cikin wannan lakabi akwai nuni da ɓarna na rayuwarsa.

An ƙirƙira abun da ke ciki zuwa sassa uku. A cikin farko a cikin cibiyar shine Tikhon, a cikin kashi na biyu - Kuzma, a cikin na uku wanda ya hada rayuwar 'yan uwan. Dangane da makomar su, an nuna matsalolin ƙauyen Rasha. Hotunan Kuzma da Tikhon suna cikin alamu da dama.

Tikhon, wanda ya kasance daga cikin sassan da suka yi wadata da wadata kuma ya zama mai mallakar dukiya, na tabbata cewa kudi shine abin da yafi dogara a duniya. Wannan mai aiki mai wahala, mai kaifi da ƙwararren mutum ya ba da ransa don neman dukiya. Kuzma Krasov, mai neman gaskiya da mawallafin mutane, ya yi tunanin yadda Rasha ke fama da rashin talauci, da kuma fuskantar kullun mutanen.

Hotunan Kuzma da Tikhon

A misali na Kuzma Bunin ya nuna alamun abubuwan da ke faruwa na sababbin mutane, Kuzma yana tunanin zalunci da lalatawar mutane, cewa dalilan da wannan dalili ba kawai ba ne kawai yanayin da mutane suka fadi, amma a cikin kansu. Ya bambanta da halin wannan gwanin Ivan Bunin ("Village") yana nuna Tikhon yana lissafi da son kai. Yana hankali ya kara girma, kuma a kan hanya zuwa iko da wadata ba ya tsaya a kowane hanya ba. Duk da haka, duk da jagoran da aka zaba, yana jin damuwa da rashin fansa, wanda ke da alaƙa da kallo a nan gaba na kasar, yana nuna hotunan wani juyin juya hali mafi ma'ana da kuma lalacewa.

Ta hanyar rikice-rikice, tunani, ra'ayi na 'yan'uwa game da kansu da kuma mahaifarsu, marubucin ya nuna hasken haske da ɓangaren al'amuran rayuwar mazaunan, yana nuna zurfin ragowar ƙasashen duniya, yana gudanar da bincike. "Ƙauyen" (Bunin) shine mai zurfin tunani na marubucin game da halin da ake ciki a cikin yanki.

Sashe na uku na aikin yana mai da hankali ga nunawa 'yan'uwa a lokacin rikici - yana tattare da sakamakon rayuwa na manyan halayen aikin "Village" (Bunin). Wadannan haruffa basu jin dadi da rayuwa: Kuzma yana tawayar, kuma rashin jin tsoro, Tikhon yana damuwa game da bala'i na mutum (rashin yara), da kuma rushe harsashin ginin gida. 'Yan'uwan sun gane rashin fatawar halin da suke ciki. Duk da bambanci a cikin halayen su da kuma burin halayen su, abin da ya faru na wadannan jarumai biyu sun kasance daidai ne da yawa: duk da rashin fahimtar da wadata, matsayi na zamantakewa yana da kyau kuma ba dole ba.

Binciken mawallafin juyin juya halin

Labarin "Ƙauyen" (Bunin) shine bayyananne, gaskiyar da gaskiyar Rasha a lokacin rayuwar marubuta. Ya nuna cewa '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '. Duk da haka, basu iya yin juyin juya hali a zukatansu ba, wanda ya zama rashin tabbas da wadata, kamar yadda bayanin marubucin ya nuna. Garin kauyen Bunin yana da bakin ciki.

Hoton horarwa

Guys suna bayyana a gaban mai karatu a duk rashin jin dadi: ƙaddara yara da mata, shayar daji, dabbobi masu azabtarwa. Mutane da yawa durnovtsy kawai ba su fahimci abin da ke faruwa a kusa da. Don haka, ma'aikacin Koshel ya ziyarci Caucasus wata rana, amma bai iya yin wani abu ba game da shi, sai dai akwai "dutse a dutsen". Zuciyarsa "matalauta", yana karyata duk abin da ba a fahimta ba, sabo, amma ya gaskanta cewa ya ga wani maƙarƙashiya kwanan nan.

Malami a Durnovka jarumi ne, mafi yawan talakawa a cikin bayyanar, ɗaukar, duk da haka, irin wannan banza cewa yana yiwuwa kawai "dasa ta hannun". Horon ya yi kama da shi kamar yadda ya saba da horo mai tsanani.

Aikin "Ƙauyen" (Bunin) ya ba mu wani hoto mai zurfi - mutumin Grey. Ya kasance mafi ƙaura a cikin ƙauye, tare da ƙasa mai yawa. Da zarar Gray ya gina sabon hut, amma yana buƙatar yin zafi a cikin hunturu, saboda haka ya fara ƙone rufin, sa'an nan ya sayar da hutun. Wannan gwarzo ya ƙi yin aiki, yana zaune a cikin gida mara kyau, kuma yara suna jin tsoron abinci, kamar yadda suka saba da rayuwa a cikin duhu.

Ƙauyen dukkannin Rasha ne, saboda haka aikin yana nuna abin da ke faruwa a dukan ƙasar. Bunin ya yi imanin cewa ba} i ne kawai na iya yin tawaye da rashin biyayya. Labarin ya kwatanta yadda suka yi tawaye a ko'ina cikin lardin. Ya ƙare tare da gaskiyar cewa 'yan kasar sun ƙone wasu' yan tsiraru, sun "mutu kuma suka yi shiru".

Kammalawa

An zargi Ivan Alekseevich da ya ƙi mutane, bai san ƙauyen ba. Amma marubucin ba zai taɓa yin irin wannan sakon ba, idan ba shi da damuwa ga mahaifiyarsa da kuma yankunan ƙasar, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin aikin "kauye." Bunin ya so ya nuna duk abin da yake labarinsa duk daji da duhu da ke hana mutane da kasar daga bunkasa.