Biathlon bindiga:-daban da kuma halaye

Daga dukan nau'i na hunturu wasanni sau da yawa gane biyu mafi m. Wannan hockey da kuma biathlon. Tarayyar Soviet, sa'an nan Rasha, sun kasance kullum alfahari da amfanoni da kuma nasarori a wadannan wasanni. Samun a kalla guda Kharlamov a hockey ko Tikhonov (hudu-lokaci Olympic Zakaran) a cikin biathlon. Tare da hockey kaya ne bayyananne - skates, itace, da kwalkwali. Tare da biathlon ne yafi ban sha'awa da kuma m, saboda a gaskiya shi ne mai biyu wasanni - gudun kan da kuma harbi. kuma game da duk kayan aiki domin motsi sarari: babban abu - tsammani da man shafawa da weather, amma tare da biathlete makami, wanda shi ne da bindiga, ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Jam'iyyar zuwa wuya zabi na iri a sakamakon wannan nasara ya dogara da harbi. Saboda haka gogaggen 'yan wasa sosai dace da zabi na makamai. Kuma shi ya dubi kamar biathlon bindiga? Hoto da shi za a gabatar da karatu ta da hankali a baya a cikin labarin. A halin yanzu, mun yi kadan yawon shakatawa a cikin tarihi da kuma gano a lõkacin da kuma a karkashin abin da hali ya yi wannan irin wasa makamai.

A kadan tarihi

A ƙarshe na yaƙin duniya II su ne mafi m soja sintiri, a ainihi shi ne samfur na zamani biathlon. Kayan aiki a lokacin zama na al'ada Army fama Mosin bindiga, to wanda cikakken ko da ya tafi da bayoneti. Af, sun kasance a cikin sabis da Soviet sojojin a lokacin yaki da Jamus.

Bayan da yawa muhawara, gasar Olympic na duniya, a 1960, akwai wani dogon-jiran halarta a karon yi biathlon a Winter Olympics. Domin Soviet da 'yan wasa Kalashnikov damuwa ga gwaji masana'antu bayar bindiga "Biathlon-59." Biathlon bindiga gani shi ne a lokacin diopter. Yana kuma sanye take da wani šaukuwa madauri, kuma musamman m murfin. Weight biathlon bindiga yayin da ba tsananin kayyade.

Course a kan zamani da kuma kyautata

Bayan gasar Olympics Winter a 1960 Sherstyakov makamai zanen, shan a matsayin dalilin da Mosin bindiga, samar da wani sabon makami domin biathlon. A samfurin, wanda ya juya daga a sakamakon, samar a cikin iri biyu, kuma yana da suna, dangane da zamo "Biatlon Bi-7,62" da "Biatlon Bi-6,5 '(harsashi a cikinta da girma na 7,62 mm da kuma 6.5 mm, bi da bi).

A amfani da wannan makami ne ya kawo Soviet biathletes farko Olympic nasara, musamman Vladimir Melanin a 1964 Winter gasar Olympics a Innsbruck ya iya lashe na farko ya samu lambar zinariya a cikin biathlon.

A farkon seventies fara "Biathlon B-4" saki wani sabon bindiga, harbi da aka za'ayi tare da rimfire ammonium. A tsarin da wani muhimmanci ƙananan nauyi. Next sabon abu da aka saki kawai a shekara bayan da a saki na baya, kuma yana da sunan "Biathlon Bi-5." Da harbe-harben da aka gudanar harsashi tsakiyar fagen fama cewa ya dauki zamo 5.6 mm. Shi ne tare da wannan bindiga da nasara procession na zinariya hudu a gasar Olympics Zakaran Aleksandra Tihonova.

gasa da makamai

Ba wai kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sun iya yin makamai ga biathlon. Ya kamata a lura da kuma kasashen waje masana'antun. Mafi shahara ne irin kamfanonin matsayin "Anschutz" da "Walter" daga Jamus, "Sako" sanya a Finland da kuma Austria "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" mafi san kuma untwisted biathlon bindiga. A da jagorancin wannan kamfanin ya yi jawabi zuwa ga tawagar Jamus Army Biathlon wajen samar da wata bindiga for biathlon, wanda za a cikakken tsara Jamus 'yan wasa bisa ga sharu kamar saukaka, kuma recoil karfi. Saboda haka, don ƙirƙirar sabon makamai da hannu mafi kyau kananan-zamo bindiga, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne "Antshutts-54", kammala shi a karkashin maloimpulsnogo harsashi tsakiyar ƙonewa, da yake yana da .222 zamo.

canza manyan al'amurra

1978 aka dauke a milestone a cikin ci gaban biathlon. A miƙa mulki ga kananan-zamo makamai sanya wasanni m da tartsatsi ne. Kuma da Mafarin wannan muhimmin taron da aka guda Jamus m "Anschutz", wanda aka samu izini da ya countrymen da kuma gina irin wadannan makamai. Kasashen wanda 'yan wasa su ne mafi kyau a cikin wasanni, wato Tarayyar Soviet, Norway, Finland da kuma Amurka ba ya so ya rasa matsayi a duniya biathlon da kuma matsawa daga soja da makamai zuwa kananan-zamo.

Saboda haka, domin a zaben, wanda aka za'ayi domin su matsa zuwa wani sabon zamo, akwai wani musamman mabiyin magoya bayan sabon makami. Kuma akwai aka gudanar "siyasa ci da ceto" na Austria jam'iyyar da ya ki rike gasar cin kofin duniya a biathlon a 1978, idan sabon makamai ba zã a karɓa a cikin sabis. Uku mambobi zabe su canja asalin yanke shawara, da sikeli ne tipped a cikin ni'imar da sabon tsarin.

Saboda haka, Jamus manufacturer da kuma 'yan wasa karya a cikin shugabannin duniya biathlon, kowane a nasu yanki. Kafa Tutar wasanni makamai irin: taro ya kamata a kalla 3.5 kg, zamo bindiga biathlon - 5.6 mm, aka fi sani da .22lr. Ammonium dole rimfire.

Saboda abin da na miƙa mulki ga kananan-zamo makami ya rage a cikin nesa Target -. Yanzu shi ne 50 m Jamus biathletes sun lashe bakwai cikin tara da zinare a Biathlon World Championships a shekarar 1978, da aka gudanar a karkashin sabon tsarin. Kocin na Tarayyar Soviet Alexander Privalov, wani tsohon kyauta lashe biyu wasannin Olympics, sun kuma zargi m kwaikwayon na tawagar kasar da Tarayyar Soviet ba maye gurbin makamai, da kuma wani sabon irin amfani kayan gudun kan da kuskure dace man shafawa.

Isasshen martani ga canji dokoki

Gunsmiths da kuma zanen kaya a Izhmash (Izhevsk Machine-Building Shuka) gaggawa gabatar da wani sabon bindiga "Biathlon B-6," wanda yana amfani da baki-wuta harsashi, a bisa sabon bukatun.

Asiri na da irin wannan m saki da sabon makamai da aka bayyana quite banal: guda kamar yadda a farkon 60s, ta amfani da tushen Mosin bindiga, samfurori "Biathlon Bi-7.62" da "Biathlon-Bi 6.5" da aka ɓullo da, da kuma a wannan lokaci da zanen kaya sun gama versions na "Ural-5-1" da "Ural-6-1" da kuma halitta da zurfin modernization "Biathlon Bi-6".

bindiga na'urar

Air bindiga biathlon kamar guda ga duk masana'antun da ya bambanta kawai a form factor raka'a da kuma wasu takamaiman matsayi. A cikin wani hali, duk da bambance-bambance ne kayyade da kuma tam sarrafawa. Biatlonnaya bindiga, wanda na'urar kunshi misali gyara da kuma sunadaran, yana mai ganga, wani katako, akwatin, wata ƙõfa jawo gannanku, kuma store. A zane damar da butt a lokacin da ake bukata ya canza ta da mikakke girma ta ƙara ƙarin like. Kana bukatar kuma bel for biathlon bindigogi. Yana shafi kawai jakarka ta baya version, tun da shi ne mafi m wani zaɓi. Wurin biathlon bindiga dole ne kawai a diopter, da yin amfani da wani Tantancewar haramta.

Daidaiku za a iya gyara da kuma daidaita wasu sassa na bindiga, misali, "kunci" (sama na butt) da madauri ciwon ƙugiya domin majajjawa. A tsakiyar taro na makamai za a iya gyara ta ƙara ko rage daidaita kaya masu nauyi. Rapid overcharging bindiga, ba tare da canza wuri na dan wasa ya yi via wani crank inji cewa makullansu ganga huda via tsaye gatura na juyawa.

M inuwõyi cika aiki na kariya da kowane irin ganga tashar samu, makami da gannanku, kuma tanadi. The zane na rufe inji optimally daidaita latsa karfi, motsa jawo na jawo, kazalika da yanayin da zuriya ba tare da disassembly na makamai. Daga bayyanar biathlon ta dokokin da aka amince da: bari kawai zamiya longitudinally juyawa aron kusa biathlon bindiga, da kuma kawai bayan abubuwan da suka faru na 1978 da izini da yin amfani da model tare da daban-daban zane na inji.

Rufe Structure m "Anschutz"

Kowane kamfanin, wanda ke tsunduma a Manufacturing wasa bindigogi, tasowa da kuma samar da wani makami don ta ƙofar tsarin. A Jamus manufacturer na "Anschutz" yana amfani da rufe, da zane na wanda aka ci gaba a 1935, kullum inganta shi.

Kafin shekarar 1984, duk da makaman da iri da aka samar da amfani da tsarin abubuwa da Rotary inji. Bayan shekarar 1984 gunsmith P. Fortner samu a bindiga rufe inji ba tare da gargadi, kuma wannan zane da aka yi amfani da on duk model na kamfanin "Anschutz" to wannan rana. A rarrabe da wadannan na'urori masu mafi m, a size, babu lugs ake bukata domin high-karshen harsashi.

Reloading bindiga sanya sosai sauki, tare da biyu yatsunsu: manuniya da ja da makama, Make cocking da rufe, kuma ta baya ta latsa a baya na inji na da babban yatsa. Har ila yau, AMINCI da makami a lokacin da recharging shafi ejector da extractor, wanda saboda da zane dogara yin ayyuka a low iska yanayin zafi.

Sauran bawuloli kayayyaki

Finns ne na farko ya yi amfani da wani sabon rufe zane a cikin model Finnbiathlon, kerarre da Tampeeren Asepaja. The inji yana da wani longitudinally-zamiya gudun, kuma ba su jũya.

Wadannan su a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kuma bayyana biathlon bindiga "B-7", a rufe wanda yana da guda tsarin. Ya kamata a lura da isa yabo na fice makamai zanen Susloparova. Ya ya iya cikin wani gajeren lokaci zuwa shirya faru a cikin Moscow Olympics samfur "B-7-2", wanda ci gaba da ci gaban wasa da makamai cikin shahararrun jerin "Biathlon". Da yake jawabi a Olympics da wani sabon model, riga sanannun Alexander Tikhonov ya lashe karo na hudu ya samu lambar zinariya a cikin gudun ba da sanda. Af, a cikin gaba biyu Winter gasar Olympics biathletes daga Tarayyar Soviet, tare da taimakon wannan musamman bindiga dauki zinare a gudun ba da sanda tseren.

Development bindigogi "Biathlon" series

Bisa daga cikin shahararrun bindiga "B-7-2" a cikin farkon 90s ɓullo da kuma soma for sabis biathletes model "B-7-3" da "B-7-4". A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wadannan brands tare da m inganta zai šauki har gasar Olympics Winter a Vancouver.

Tun daga shekarar 1991, babban maroki na makamai zuwa-biathlon 'yan wasa Kalashnikov damuwa, da fara samar da sabon model "B-7-2". Nasarawa daga biathlon bindigogi daga cikin jerin kasancewa .22lr harsasai zamo rimfire da ciwon, a cewar kullum yarda da matsayin a shekara ta 1978. Ƙaddamarwa ne saboda musanya shagunan, da damar da zai šauki biyar akai-akai. Har ila yau, a hada a matsayin misali, da kuma ƙarin ammonium ga na'ura, a cikin adadin uku guda. Hudu Stores a lokacin tseren ne a cikin wani musamman tef cewa ne a haɗe zuwa bindiga butt.

Kulle da ganga tashoshi na pneumatic auku hinged-liba zane.

Babban rarrabẽwa ga harbi a cikin biathlon ne mai azumi recharge makamai ba tare da canza wuri na biathletes da kuma jawabin da daraja lokaci a kan wani sabon nufa. Jerawa harsashi a cikin ganga na bindiga "B-7-2" da aka yi da wani reciprocating motsi da wani musamman rike. Rufe yayin da reloading motsa a cikin kananan baka.

A bindiga ne fallasa daidaita, wanda aka gyara ta hanyar kara ko cire corrector kaya masu nauyi. Har ila yau, za a kafa da jawo Pull kuma jawo bugun jini. Kunci a kan butt da kuma tsawon shi suna gudana ta kuma aka kaga akayi daban-daban ga kowane dan wasa a matsayin dan wasa daga saukaka lokacin da harbi ya dogara da daidaito. A ganga, gaban da gannanku, kuma ikon yinsa bindiga sanye take da musamman azumi hinged lids, wanda babban aiki ne don kare makamai daga snow, datti da kuma sauran abin gurɓatawa cewa zai iya shafar daidaito na harbi.

Kamar yadda aka ambata, da samar da wannan alama bindiga ne na dogon lokaci, da kuma a lokacin wannan lokaci ta hõre inganta da kuma sabunta hanyoyin. Alal misali, a yau saki "B-7-4A" model. Harafin A cikin sunan ya nuna cewa wannan bindiga na da ganga-sani Jamus m "Anschutz".

Elite bindiga

Domin Elite hada da samfurori, al'ada ga wani musamman dan wasa. Bindiga "B-7-4" a tara gyara yana da wani sabon gado, wanda zai iya zama saitin zuwa sadu da bukatun da wani biathlete. sabon raya gani daga gasar m "Anschutz". tashi zobe, wanda yana iya zama batun gyara. Don hana lalata da kuma inganta yi na mai karɓar ne hõre Chrome plating da ganga. Daga cikin sauran model Elite bindigogi ware "Antshutts 1827", da ake kira "mafi kyau daga cikin mafi kyau" da yawa zakarun kuma kyauta-biathletes.