Battle of Maloyaroslavets 1812

Patriotic War of 1812 da shekara - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi jaruntakar shafukan da mu tarihi, cikakken Rasha mutane sun nuna ikon ƙarfafa a fuskar waje hadari. Kuma ko da yake shi an dauke su da babban taron na yakin Borodino, shi ne yakin Maloyaroslavets 1812 tilasta Napoleon ta yi watsi da shirin na ci na kudancin larduna da kuma tilasta koma baya tare da Smolensk hanya. A sakamakon haka, sojojin Faransa da aka hallaka, da kuma Rasha, sojoji 'yanci Turai da kuma tafiya a cikin Paris.

prehistory

Kusan nan da nan bayan Satumba 14, 1812 Napoleon ta rundunarsa suka shiga Moscow, a raya juya yaƙin basasa. Musamman troublesome maƙiyi raka'a tsĩrar, gudanar da Ivan Dorokhov, A. Seslavin, D. da A. Davydov Figner kamar yadda suka hallaka kekunan shanun da tattalinsu, kuma fodder. A lokaci guda asarar saboda hare-haren da guerrillas a kan sojojin Faransa raka'a sun sau da yawa quite m tare da yawan wadanda suka jikkata a manyan fadace-fadace. A musamman, 11 Oktoba Dorokhova tawagar 'yanta Vereya, smashing kansa a kan bataliya na Westphalian rajimanti, da kuma guerrillas sun samu wani m tushe don kara harin a matsayin Kaluga da Smolensk a kan hanyoyi. A rashin kayayyaki da kuma forage ya nufi da cewa Faransa fara rasa yaki da ikon da ko da jefa gun saboda rashin dawakai. Ta duk na sama da kuma shirun da Rasha tsar a mayar da martani ga wani tayin zaman lafiya, Napoleon ya yanke shawarar barin Moscow da kuma matsawa zuwa Smolensk via Kaluga.

Ayyuka kafin yaƙin

Kafin mu yi magana game da yakin Maloyaroslavets, ya kamata ka gane yadda abokan adawar na sojojin janar juya ta zama kusa da kananan al'amari da yanayin gari, inda a wancan lokacin ya rayu ne kawai game da 1.5 dubu. Saboda haka Napoleon ta sojojin suke fita, kashi na lalace Rasha babban birnin kasar a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba da kuma koma tare da tsohon Kaluga hanya. Duk da haka, na gaba rana, da sarki umurce su da su kunna a kauyen Troitskaya a cikin sabon Kaluga hanya da kuma aika gaba a karkashin umurnin sahun gaba ya stepson Evgeniya Bogarne, suka kama kauyen 21 ga watan Oktoba Fominskoe. Bayan wani rahoto cewa makiya kasance a cikin shugabanci na Maloyaroslavets, Kutuzov umurce Dokhturov toshe hanyar zuwa Kaluga. A lokaci guda, Napoleon kuskure fahimci rawar daji na sojojin Rasha koyon yaƙi ya kuma umarci Beauharnais daina motsi gaba, sa wannan manufa domin da numerically kananan rabo na Janar Delzona.

Kama Faransa Maloyaroslavets

Lokacin da Delzon kusata da birni, da magajin garin Bykov ya umarci halakar da gada a kan kududdufi. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana abokan gaba dakaru zuwa ƙetare zuwa wancan gefe a kan gina wani pontoon gada da kuma daukar Maloyaroslavets, wanda a wancan lokacin babu wanda ya kare. A daidai wannan lokaci da Sarkin sarakuna da kansa da wannan babban sojojin suka sauka ga dare a Borovsk.

Battle of Maloyaroslavets kwanan wata da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru

Kamar yadda ka sani, masana tarihi fi sha'awar a tambayoyi na "a lokacin da" da "inda". Saboda haka, yakin Maloyaroslavets na 1812, wanda shi ne ranar - ranar 24 ga Oktoba, fara a 5:00 am a lokacin da Dokhturov aika Rangers kai farmaki Kanar A. Bistrom. Dubban sojoji na wannan rajimanti gudanar da korar Faransa a kan karkata birnin, amma da 11 hours na rana don taimaka wa kare isa shelves Beauharnais, kuma daga baya Napoleon kansa da babban sojojin. Mun samu reinforcements da kuma Rasha, don haka da rana a cikin yãƙi riga halarci ta 9000 mutane daga kowane gefe. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, amma yaƙi ba kawai ba ya kwanta, amma girma tsanlnin matsayin ceto sojojin cikin sauri duk sabon shelves.

A hudu karfe yakin Maloyaroslavets shiga ta hukunci mataki. Gaskiyar cewa Kutuzov ya iya daukar wani m matsayi a kan duwatsu, located in 1-3 km kudu na gari, da sanya shi yiwu don sarrafa hanya zuwa Kaluga. A wannan yaki domin kona birnin dade har 10 pm.

Events Oktoba 25-26

Kashegari, da safe, maimakon Maloyaroslavets ya toka, da kuma bangarorin biyu suna sake shirye domin yaƙi. Duk da haka, Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov ba zato ba tsammani umurce su da su tattara zuwa shirye mukamai a yamma, ya kira su ayyuka kamar mamaki da abokan gaba. Wannan rawar daji aka tare da wani m motsi da dama regiments Platov, suka haye zuwa wancan gefe puddles da kuma kai hari a Faransa. Kuma Napoleon kansa tsallaka rijiya kama da aka tilasta kira majalisa a Gorodnya, wanda single-handedly yanke shawarar "zaton kawai na ceto sojojin." Saboda haka, yakin Maloyaroslavets na 1812, da ranar saki na wanda - Oktoba 26, ya ƙarasa da mãsu bãyar da bãya na Napoleon ta sojojin a Mozhaysk, cewa ta ba alkawari wani abu mai kyau.

sakamakon

Kuna hukunta da rahotanni na Faransa soja shugabannin, wanda ya kasance da bambancin, Napoleon ta sojojin rasa daga 3500 zuwa 6000 mutane. Bisa ga Rasha gefe, aka kashe da kuma raunata game 6.700 shugabanni da maza. Kuma babu daya dauki la'akari da asarar da daga cikin 'yan bindigar da, wanda yiwuwa ma suka yi yawa. Duk da dukan wadanda ke fama, yakin Maloyaroslavets a lokacin yakin na 1812 aka baya baki daya gane da masana tarihi manyan dabarun nasarar Kutuzov. Kamar yadda na Faransa, shi ne kawai jinkirta su tashi da hana sojojin Napoleon ta karshe da bege ga ci gaba da soja yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1813.

Rasha generals, wanda taka babbar rawa a cikin yaƙin ga bridgehead a banki puddles

Magana ne game da wani fadace-fadace, har ma fiye da haka, kamar yadda yakin Maloyaroslavets a lokacin yakin na 1812 (faru a farkon kwanaki bayan da mãsu bãyar da bãya na Napoleon daga Moscow), ba shi yiwuwa ba a ce 'yan kalmomi game da shugabannin suka dauki bangare a shi. Saboda haka, a cikin yaƙin ga Luga bridgehead taka muhimmiyar rawa:

• Mikhail Kutuzov. Ko kafin Field Marshal farkon yakin nuna kwarai hangen nesa da kuma sanya shahara Tarutino rawar daji, tilasta Napoleon yi wasa da dokoki na Rasha. A mataki na gaba Kutuzov kai ga mãsu bãyar da bãya na Faransa, shi ne matsayi dauka a hanya zuwa Kaluga, wanda makiya ba su iya su saboda rashin karfi da sojojin doki, da manyan bindigogi.
• M. Platov kuma D. Dokhturov. Daga cikin generals, saboda abin da yakin Maloyaroslavets (1812) shi ne farkon ƙarshen Great Napoleon ta sojojin, ya lura musamman wadannan biyu generals - falalã agare su da gaske invaluable. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda muka sani, a cikin tarihin na babban rawa da dama, shi ya faru ranar kafin wannan yakin. Bayan yakin Maloyaroslavets 1812 (date: Oktoba 24) shi ba a shirya, kuma idan Faransa bai yarda da motsi Dokhturov jiki ga shirya don wani m yaki da kuma tsaya motsi sassa Beauharnais, shi ba share abin da zai iya yi ya faru. Conversely, a cikin hali na Platov ta arziki da aka a gefen Napoleon, wanda da Cossacks ba za a iya ci da yaƙi. Amma da yaki zai iya kare riga Oktoba 25, 1812!
• A. Seslavin. Ba na karshe rawa a yakin Maloyaroslavets (kwanan wata - 1812, 24 ga watan Oktoba) yana da kyau sakamako ga sojojin Rasha da kuma guerrillas taka leda. A musamman, da detachment Laftanar Janar Seslavin. Gaskiyar ita ce, idan ya scouts bai gani da Faransa sojojin motsi, jiki Dokhturov, shirya don kai farmaki kauyen Fominskoe za a ci gaban yaƙi fara.

Faransa generals suka bambanta da kansu a lokacin yaƙi, da Maloyaroslavets

Daga cikin generals na Napoleon a wannan yaki bambanta:

• Evgeniy Bogarne. A da Halĩfa na Italiya ya dauki Fominskoe, shirya sojojin kama Maloyaroslavets ya adoptive uba, kuma ya ke tare da 4th Corps sake shiga birnin, bayan da aka saki Rangers Bistrom.
• Alexis Delzon. Janar Delzonu girmamawa ga kamawa da birnin daga abin da ka fara yakin Maloyaroslavets. Bugu da kari, shi da kansa ya jagoranci daya daga cikin hare-haren da aka kashe a cikin fama, kamar yadda befits wani jarumi soja.

Kadan-san heroes of yaƙin

Domin ayyukan da aka aikata a yakin for Maloyaroslavets, ya karbi lambobin yabo da dama da ɗari da darajõji. Daga cikin su akwai mutane da yawa da sojoji na 19th Jaeger rajimanti, wanda ya shiga kai hari da kuma Archpriest Vladimir Vasilkovsky. Wannan fasto ne mashahuri domin zama na farko Rasha hidima, sãka musu da Order of St. George na hudu mataki. A babban rawa a yakin Maloyaroslavets a 1812 ƙare a cikin ni'imar Kutuzov sojojin, taka leda da kuma S. Belyaev, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance a sashen manyan gida kotu. Lokacin Faransa ya so ya kawo wani pontoon gada, saurayin ya dauki baya Dam, da kuma ruwan garzaya tsare invaders.

Chernoostrozhsky Nicholas sufi - a shiru da shaida a tarihi

Don kwanan wata, daya ne kawai ya tsira, "shaida" yaki da Napoleon, wanda ya faru a kan bankunan na kogin kududdufi. Gaskiyar ita ce, tun lokacin da marigayi 16th karni Convent a Maloyaroslavets, a 1812 ya zama a tsakiyar ayyukan soji. Bayan sanannen yaƙi na gari lura da cewa blue ƙõfõfin sufi da kamannin Mai Ceto, gabã ɗaya, an rufe shi da burbushi na harsasai da kuma shrapnel, amma fuskar Yesu Almasihu ba a lalace ko da guda harsashi. An yaba a matsayin wata ãyã, kuma a zamanin mulkin Nicholas I a umurnin da sarki a kan ƙofar akwai wani rubutu "ulcers a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Faransa yaki." Abin takaici, wannan farantin ne ba samuwa, amma a yau a Blue Gate, za ka iya ganin burbushi na harsasai da cewa bar restorers memory zuriyarsa.

Monuments a cikin girmamawa ga heroes of yakin Maloyaroslavets, kafa a cikin karni na 19th

Kusan nan da nan bayan duniya na biyu War tare da Napoleon Rasha mutane suka fara kafa memorials, wanda suka da dorewar memory na auku. Ya ba togiya da kuma yakin Maloyaroslavets, a takaice gaya wanda quite wuya.

A farko tunawa a girmama na heroes of wannan yakin kuwa shi ne babban coci na St. Nicholas Church, gina a kan abubuwan taimako na Russia, ya kuma tsarkake a 1843. Bugu da kari, cikin 30th tunawa da Rasha sojojin nasara a cikin yaki tare da Napoleonom Nikolay na umurce su da su kafa wata alama, a cikin ƙasa duka cikin shahararrun fadace-fadace, ciki har da a Maloyaroslavets. A Kabarin da aka jefa a kan zane na m A. Adamini da kuma kafa shi a garin square da aka kammala a watan Oktoba 1844. Abin takaici, wannan abin tunawa bai sauko wa yau, tun lokacin da aka hallaka a cikin 30-ies karni na karshe.

Monuments da heroes of yaƙi, ya kafa a 20-21 karnoni

A 1950 aka yanke shawarar raba gari shakatawa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wadanda ke fama da da Patriotic Yaƙi da Napoleon. Ya kafa kansu a kusa da biyu taro kaburbura, a cikin abin da sojoji da aka binne shi, godiya ga wanda yakin Maloyaroslavets a lokacin yakin na 1812 ya na da muhimmanci juyo. Ko a baya, a cikin girmamawa ga 100th ranar tunawa da wannan taron, a kan biyu vaults na tunawa da aka shigar.

A farko daga cikin wadannan yakan a kan tudu. A tsakiyar abun da ke ciki, tsara don dorewar ƙwaƙwalwar waɗanda suka lashe yakin Maloyaroslavets, tsaye a pedestal da dutsen a kan abin da giciye da aka saka. Its kafar sojoji kwanciya wreath Polotsk rajimanti, kuma a site kafin tunawa za a iya gani 3 filin gun model 1812 da kuma dala nuclei.

Game da biyu daga cikin abin tunawa, shi ne dake a cikin wannan square da kuma shi ne mai dutse tare da wani giciye a saman wanda ya nuna da shekara (yakin Maloyaroslavets ya faru a 1812) da kuma kafa wani tunawa plaque tare da rubutu: "Jarumi ubanninmu Biyar Corps".

Bugu da kari, a kan karkata akwai wani kabari da wani suna fadin obelisk, kuma dating daga 1812.

A tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru da cewa ya faru a Maloyaroslavets da kuma fiye da shekaru 200 da suka wuce a kewaye yankin, an girmama yau. A musamman, Oktoba 5, 2014 a birnin kafa wani abin tunawa Archpriest B. Vasylkivska, wallafa artist Shcherbakov.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na yakin Maloyaroslavets, 2014

Ku tuna da feats makamai kakaninki - shi ne mai kyau al'ada. A cikin tsarin da dama da suka gabata a kusa da duniya da za'ayi da maimaitawa na daban-daban fadace-fadace. A kasar mu, da farko da irin wannan taron da aka shirya a karshen 80s, kuma mafi sau da yawa da suka ba da kansu da sanannen yaƙi biyu yakin duniya na II. Wannan shekara, da maimaitawa na yakin Maloyaroslavets (2014) ya faru a ranar 26 Oktoba, kuma, ban da yaki da aukuwa, sake ƙirƙirarsu a babban daki-daki, ga masu sauraro kuma ga wani m farati, nazarinsa domin samar da harsasai, da kuma dauki bangare a daban-daban gasa.

Mutane da yawa fadace-fadace na yaki a 1812 har abada a cikin litattafan na soja art. Ko da yake, a matsayin mawãƙi ya ce, duk Rasha tunawa da ranar Borodino, Maloyaroslavets yaƙi kuma cancanci zama zuriyarsa ba su manta da heroes.