Bakin Lena River da kuma tushen

Bakin kogin Lena fara 150 km daga tekun na Laptev Sea, bayan da shi, jingine tsibirin al'amudin ne zuwa kashi a jam'i na kwarara (fiye da 150). Sun gudu up wata babbar fan na yankin na 45 500 km ^2, kafa gargajiya kogin yankin Neja Delta.

Bari mu fara da bayanin irin kogin daga farkon - tare da Madogararsa. A wannan yanayin, halayyar sigogi za a dauka daga cikin bayanai a hukumance rubuce Ruwa Rasha rajista.

springhead

Kananan lake Negedeen, a cewar bayanai daga Jihar Register na ruwa, shi ne tushen da Lena River. Shi ne kilomita 7 daga Baikal, da yamma da gindin dutsen unmarked Baikalsky kunya tare da wata alama 2023 m tushen tsarawa ayyana dabi'u :. Arewa latitud 53 digiri 56 minutes gabas longitude 108 digiri 5 da minti. Administratively, wannan yanki Kachug gundumar na Irkutsk yankin. Ya fara da babban Siberian kogin da kananan rafi da za a iya tafi biyar-shekara yaro. Ga Lena al'ada batu peremerzaniyu da bushewa fita. Amma bayan zuba a cikin shi da farko aikin gandu, shi ya zama akai akai.

A tushen da kuma bakin kogi

Lena aka located in Eastern Siberia. A kogin gudana ta hanyar da Irkutsk yankin da kuma Yakutia, shan inflows daga Trans-Baikal, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk da Khabarovsk.

Zero darajar alama da tsawo daga bakin kogin. Lena yana da tsawon a 4294 km - wannan nesa aka rajista a cikin jama'a rijista surface ruwa abubuwa na Rasha. Cikakken drop of 1650 m - watermarks bambanci tsakanin tushen (1650 m) da kuma bakin (0 m). Kaddarance nuna bambanci ne 0,38 m / km. Rubuce, wannan yana nufin cewa da kowane kilometer a cikin shugabanci na kwarara daga cikin kogin ƙasa ta surface an rage zuwa wani talakawan na 38 cm. A gaskiya, da tashar gangara kuma ya kwarara gudu a cikin sama kai na cikin kogin ne mafi girma daga darajar da hydrological halaye na bakin Lena River. Wadannan halaye dogara ne a kan ƙasa.

Upper ya kai

A daban-daban Gwargwadon yanayi ne tushen da kuma bakin kogi. Lena fara a cikin dutsen Predbajkalja tsarin, sa'an nan crosses Patom tsaunuka, shiga cikin Prilenskoye Filato da kuma ta sauka a cikin Tsakiya Yakut Bayyana. Saboda haka watercourse yanaye kasu kashi 3 kamar daidai sassa. A farko daga cikin wadannan - da babba ya kai na Lena, daga farkon zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Vitim River. Length ne 1580 km. Bakinka tadawa Vitim - 176 m, saboda haka, da talakawan gangara saman Lena 0,93 m / km. River gado a cikin sama Tuddan sashen kogin da gudana a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa kwarin duwatsu. Lokacin da gabatowa da Vitim zama m (har zuwa 2 km) da kuma zurfin (12 m), wani lokacin raba cikin tsibiran hannun riga. A kogin kwarin ne asymmetrical da karfi da ambaliyar ruwa da bayyana da kuma baranda kara waje a wuraren da har zuwa 30 km. A hagu banki na wani m - yana da Jamhuriyar Siberian Plateau. The dama banki ne m, kuma m - gefe Patom tsaunuka. A gangara a kan ko dai gefen an rufe tare da taiga, wani lokacin maye gurbinsu fadamun.

da talakawan ga

Wannan bangare na tsawon na 1415 km Lena ƙuntata bãkunansu most aikin gandu, fara daga wani mahaɗar tsakãninsu Vitim (tadawa 176 m) da kuma kawo karshen Aldan (mark na 72 m). Gangara averaging 0.074 m / km. Vitim Lena bayan zama cikakken-gudãna kogin. Bayan mahaɗar tsakãninsu a 2089 km daga bakin Kogin Lena Olyokma River kwarin ragu. Rocky Coast, da suka hada da farar ƙasa suna. Yana Lena Pillars - otvesny suna da m siffofi. A Pokrovsk Lena ja daga cikin Araba, wato kwarin kara har zuwa 20 km ko fiye, floodplain rufe tsiri widths har zuwa 15 km. Yana slows da kwarara kudi - 1.5 m / s zuwa 0.5 m / s.

nisa da tushe

Daga bakin Aldan da Laptev Sea mika ƙananan Lena. A tsawon wannan ɓangare na kogin - 1,300 kilomita. Tare da mahaɗar tsakãninsu iko aikin gandu (Aldana da Vilyuya) Lena kogin zama wata katuwar. Da nisa daga cikin guda-hannu ta gado zurfin 20 m kai 10 km, kuma inda akwai tsibirin samuwar kai 25 km. kogin domin a grand - shi slows saukar saboda wani kadan gangara, da ke cikin kasa daga cikin kogin 0.05 m / km ko kasa.

Bakin Lena River

Hotuna daga sarari nuna kyakkyawa da girma daga cikin mafi girma kogin Delta na Arewa Hemisphere. Its yanki ne mafi girma daga bakin cikin sanannun Nile 20 dubu. ^Km2. A koli na yankin Neja Delta ne al'amudin tsibirin, 150 km daga Coast. Lena kogin ne zuwa kashi ɗari da hamsin tashar. The most of wadannan su ne uku: Oleneksky (ƙuntatãwa Delta yamma) Bykovskaya (Eastern) da kuma Trofimovskaya (matsakaici), a kan abin da sallama a cikin tẽku 70% na shekara-shekara dake kwarara. Shipping ne da za'ayi ta Bykovskaya bututu a kan abin da tashar jirgin ruwa na Tiksi.

Tun shekarar 1986, bakin Lena samu matsayi na biosphere ajiye Rasha - Ust-Lensky. Wannan musamman mazauninsu tundra, gabatar da dama, jinsunan Red Littafi na shuke-shuke, dabbobi masu shayarwa, 32 jinsunan. Ina taro nesting waterfowl dawo nan a kowace shekara domin haifuwa da kuma molting. Ichthyofauna bambancin da kuma arziki.

hydrology

A catchment yankin na Lena - 2.49 miliyan km ^2. A shekara-shekara girma na dake kwarara a cikin shekaru daban-daban kama daga 490 zuwa 540 km ^3. A talakawan shekara-shekara kashe kudi domin gauging bakin kogin Lena kewayon daga 15.5 zuwa 17.8 dubu. ³ m / s.

Dining River ba hazo, rarraba a kundin na kimanin daidai da tsakanin snow narke da ruwan sama. A rabo daga ruwan karkashin kasa recharge lissafinsu kasa da 2%, wanda aka bayyana da yanayin permafrost.

Domin kogi ne halin da wani babban spring komowar ruwa, wucewa da dama manyan ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin rani da kuma kaka-hunturu low ruwa tare da raguwa a ruwa ya kwarara a cikin ƙananan ya kai har zuwa 370 m ³ / s.

Ice Lena yanayin daban-daban daga wasu koguna karfi farin ciki Layer da kankara da aka kafa a cikin wani dogon da sanyi hunturu kadan snow. A cikin manya kai na tsawon ba tare da kankara rufe da kogin yana zuwa watanni shida, a cikin filayen kwarinta - wata daya ko biyu kasa. Daskare-up na faruwa a cikin sama karshen Oktoba, da kuma a cikin ƙananan ya kai - a karshen watan Satumba. Bude kankara fara daga babba zuwa tsakiyar May, kuma a watan Yuni - a bakin Lena River. A wuce haddi na da matakin mita sama low tide kai dabi'u na tsakanin 8 da kuma 18, haddasa ambaliya na low yankunan da gaggawa yanayi a cikin ƙauyuka tare da bankunan na kogin.

musamman shimfidar

Ruwan tekun Atlantika kyakkyawa da richness yanayi kamar yadda a cikin tushen da kuma a bakin Lena River, da ban sha'awa. Amma mafi shahararre look Coast zuwa National Park Halitta "Lena Pillars", shi ne a UNESCO Duniya Heritage Site. Lena Pillars fara at 180 km daga Yakutsk cirewa da kuma mika ga dama kilomita tare dama banki, da kuma a wasu wurare a kan hagu banki.

Sashen wuri mai faɗi da sabon abu ne slantwise calcareous kankara har zuwa 200 m. Fantastic shaci ginshiƙai kawo cikin girmamawa tsoho mutum, kuma suna ganin darajarsa zamani yawon bude ido. Wani mu'ujiza ne mai kyau da kuma lightest dutsen gudãna yashi-tukulans. A bakin Deering Yuryakh ambaliya samu prehistoric mutum. A wurin shakatawa gano dadaddiyar rai: ragowar Santa, bison da kuma dorinu.

Ban sha'awa Legends za a iya ji daga yan unguwa da kuma bakin Lena River. Karkashin kasa birni da tituna da kuma madawwami fitilu, a cewar mutanen, aka located a kusa da bakin teku. Just bukatar samun asirin ƙofar. Kuma gaya cewa zuwa tsibirin a yankin Neja Delta koli post a lokacin yakin duniya na II Jamus submarine pestered.