Babur injuna: da na'ura, da aiki da ka'ida, fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

Novice direbobi wani lokacin tunanin cewa mafi muhimmanci quality, waxanda suke da babura injuna - ne adadin horsepower, da kuma imani da cewa ginin zai tafi da kyau, amma da ciwon damar fiye da dari sojojin. Duk da haka, baya ga wannan adadi, akwai mutane da yawa halaye da cewa shafar ingancin aikin da mota.

Iri babur injuna

Akwai biyu-bugun jini da kuma hudu-bugun jini injuna, da manufa da abin da yake da ɗan daban-daban.

kafa wata lambar daban na cylinders kamar babura.

Bugu da kari ga 'yan qasar carbureted engine, za ka iya sau da yawa sami allura raka'a. Kuma idan na farko da irin motorcyclists amfani da su gyara kanka, da man fetur-allura engine tare da wani kai tsaye allura tsarin a gyara hannuwansu riga matsala. An dade an samar da dizal kekuna da kuma ko da wani lantarki mota. A labarin da za a yi la'akari da halaye na engine irin babur carburetor.

Kamar yadda engine ne a guje

A cylinders na engine thermal makamashi na kona man fetur ne tuba zuwa cikin inji aiki. The dabba ba a kanta saboda da gas matsa lamba fistan rotates a crankshaft via wani crank inji. Wannan inji kunshi wani crankshaft, a haɗa sanda, fistan zobba, fistan fil, Silinda.

Bambance-bambance a tsarin kai ga daban-daban aiki two da hudu-bugun jini engine.

hudu bugun jini engine

Irin wannan Motors da wajibi sake zagayowar hudu bugun jini fistan da biyu juyin na crankshaft. Tuki mota na'urar nuna fistan ciki konewa engine da aikace-aikace.

1. Lokacin da mashiga fistan sauka daga saman matattu batu, tsotsa cakuda ta da bude bawul.

2. A lokacin matsawa fistan hawa daga kasa matattu cibiyar, damfara da cakuda.

3. A cikin aiki a lokacin da cakuda, da zarar lit ta hanyar na'urar walƙiya konewa da gas motsa saukar da fistan.

4. Lokacin da sakewa da fistan, dagawa, turawa shaye gas yana ta hanyar bude shaye bawul. Lokacin da suka sake kai saman matattu cibiyar, shaye bawul ne rufaffiyar, da kuma duk abin da aka maimaita sake.

Chetyrehtaktnikov abũbuwan amfãni su ne:

• aMINCI.

• yadda ya dace.

• kasa cutarwa shaye.

• kadan amo.

• mai ba a baya blended tare da fetur.

The zane na irin wannan za a iya nuna wadannan motor kewaye.

biyu-bugun jini engine

The girma na irin wannan babur engine, yawanci kasa, da kuma wajibi sake zagayowar daukan daya juyin juya halin. Bugu da kari, akwai wani ci kuma shaye bawuloli. Wannan aiki ya mayar da fistan kanta, wanda ya buɗe kuma rufe tashoshi da taga a kan wani cylindrical madubi. Carter kuma amfani da iskar gas musayar.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan engine ne:

• tare da daya girma daga cikin Silinda da shi yana da damar da ya wuce chetyrehtaktnik 1.5-1.8 sau.

• Yana yana da wani camshaft da bawul.

• Manufacturing mai rahusa.

Cylinders da aikace-aikace a cikinta

A aikace-aikace na daya da kuma sauran mota ya auku a cikin Silinda.

A fistan aka koma da wani cylindrical madubi ko da sa hannun riga. Idan iska sanyaya yana aiki, da cylindrical hakarkarinsa da shirt, yayin da sanyaya ruwa - na ciki rami.

A crankshaft via wani a haɗa sanda na'am da fistan motsi, ta hanyar mayar da shi a cikin juyawa, sa'an nan wucewa da karfin juyi watsa. Har ila yau, daga farko aiki gas rarraba inji, famfo, janareta da sikẽli shafts. A crankshaft yana daya ko fiye gwiwa dangane da yawan cylinders.

A wani hudu-bugun jini engine, da Silinda ne mafi alhẽri cika tare da cakuda mashiga ta fara kafin fistan kai saman matattu cibiyar da kuma ƙare bayan wucewa kasa matattu cibiyar.

Tsarkakewa ta fara kafin kai kasan matattu cibiyar, da kuma shaye gas an fitar a lokacin fistan motsi zuwa saman matattu batu. Bayan nan, shaye bawul rufe to gas barin Silinda.

A kan mota da na irin wannan, wadannan iri lokaci :

• OHV.

• OHC.

• DOHC.

A karshen irin yana da wani m yawan abubuwa, don haka da cewa crankshaft iya juya da sauri. Saboda haka, DOHC ne mafi zama na kowa.

Hudu-shanyewar jiki da karin hadaddun tsarin a kwatanta da biyu-bugun jini, kamar yadda suke da lubrication tsarin da gas rarraba inji shi ne ba ya nan a biyu-bugun jini. Duk da haka, sun zama yadada saboda tattali da kasa cutarwa tasiri a kan muhalli.

Babur injuna sau da yawa ne daya-, two da hudu-Silinda. Amma akwai raka'a tare da uku, shida da goma da cylinders. A cylinders ne a-line tare da - a tsaye, ko mai gangara, horizontally tsayayya, V-dimbin yawa da kuma L-dimbin yawa. The aiki girma na injuna yawanci suna da wani fiye da daya da rabi da miliyan cubic mita wadannan babura. Engine ikon - daga ɗari da hamsin da daya ɗari da tamanin horsepower.

engine man fetur

Lubrication zama dole domin kauce wa duk wani wuce kima gogayya tsakanin engine sassa. An gane ta hanyar mota mai, da ciwon resistant tsarin daga daukan hotuna zuwa high yanayin zafi da kuma low danko a low rates. Bugu da kari, ba su dokoki ne adibas cewa ba m da roba da kuma roba sassa.

Mai suna ma'adinai, Semi-roba da kuma roba. Semi-synthetics da synthetics ne mafi tsada, amma wadannan jinsunan fi son more, tun da shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa su ne mafi amfani ga engine. Domin biyu-bugun jini da kuma chetyrehtaktnikov amfani da daban-daban na mai. su ma bambanta a cikin mataki ne na inganta.

The "rigar" da kuma "bushe" sump

A hudu-bugun jini injuna amfani da hanyoyi uku mai wadata:

• shiga wani hali.

• spatter.

• Supply matsa lamba.

Mafi yawan gogayya da nau'i-nau'i ne lubricated karkashin matsin lamba daga wani mai famfo. Amma akwai kuma wadanda cewa an lubricated tare da mai hazo, kafa a sakamakon spraying a crank inji, kazalika da sassa da mai gudana ta hanyar da tashoshi da kuma gutters. Kamar wancan sump hidima a matsayin tafki. Shi ne ake kira a cikin wannan harka, da "rigar".

A wasu babura, a tsarin na "bushe" crankcase inda daya bangare na man da aka pumped cikin tanki, da kuma sauran an ciyar a karkashin matsin gogayya wurare.

A duhtaktnikah lubrication mai auku ne a cikin man fetur tururi. Shi ne gauraye da man fetur a gaba, ko a cikin mashiga ruwa bututu ake kawota ta mai dosing famfo. Wannan karshe view ake kira "raba lubrication tsarin." Shi ne musamman prevalent a waje injuna. A Rasha, da tsarin shiga cikin engine na babur "IZH Planet 5" da "ZiD 200 Courier".

sanyaya tsarin

Lokacin da man fetur da aka combusted a cikin engine, zafi da aka samar, daga wanda kusan talatin da biyar bisa dari ke amfani da aiki da kuma sauran aka dissipated. A lokaci guda, idan tsari ne wanda ya kasa aiki sassa a cikin ganga zafi fiye da kima, wanda zai iya haifar da jamming da kuma lalacewa. Don wannan bai faru ba, da sanyaya tsarin da ake amfani, wanda shi ne iska da ruwa, dangane da irin engine.

Iska sanyaya System

A wannan bangare, da tsarin sanyaya da zuwan iska. Wani lokaci domin mafi yi na Silinda shugaban da ke sa shi Ribbed. Wani lokaci a tilasta sanyaya fan amfani da wani inji ko lantarki. A chetyrehtaktnikov ma sosai sanyaya mai, ga wanda surface na casing ne ta ƙara da kuma kafa musamman radiators.

Liquid sanyaya tsarin

Option kama da cewa shigar a motocin. A nan ne coolant maganin daskarewa, wanda shi ne mai low-misãlin (debe arba'in zuwa debe sittin digiri Celsius) da kuma high-tafasar (daga ɗari da ashirin zuwa ɗari da talatin da digiri Celsius). Bugu da kari, da maganin daskarewa da kuma anticorrosion cimma lubricating sakamako. Da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa kamar yadda irin wannan ba za a iya amfani da su.

Zafi fiye da kima daga cikin sanyaya tsarin za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar wani obalodi ko samu na saman, wanda sallama zafi. Har ila yau, da mutum abubuwa iya karya a cikin shi, saboda abin da ruwa gudana daga. Saboda haka, sanyaya na aikin dole ne a kullum da sanya idanu.

wadata tsarin

Kamar yadda man fetur amfani ga babur carburetor fetur Octane yawan ba kasa da 93.

babur injuna suna da wutar lantarki da tsarin, wanda ya hada da wani man fetur tanki, a bawul, a tace, iska tace da carburetor. Fetur adana a wani tanki, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta an saka sama da engine zuwa kafireta da nauyi kwarara. A wasu lokuta, zai iya yiwuwa a bayar da wani musamman famfo ko wani injin actuator. A karshen za a iya samu a biyu-bugun jini.

The man fetur tank yana da murfi da musamman bude, inda iska ta shiga. A da yawa waje babura, duk da haka, iska ya wuce ta ci kududdufai. Kuma wasu ne a kan kulle murfin.

Saboda man fetur zakara da aka hana daga yayyo man fetur.

Ta hanyar iska tace a cikin iska ta shiga carburetor. Da tace shi ne na uku irinsa.

1. A m-mai irin iska ta shiga cikin cibiyar, kunna ta 180 digiri da ya wuce a cikin tace. Kamar wancan ne aka barrantar da juya kwarara inda mutum barbashi shirya a cikin man fetur. Kamar wancan ne da tace an bayar da wani babur engine "Ural" da "iz". Duk da haka, a} asashen waje ta amfani da sauran iri takarda da kumfa.

2. Takarda tace ne yarwa. Su ya kamata a maye gurbin a kowane tabbatarwa.

3. Kumfa tace ne reusable - za su iya a wanke da kuma sake-oiled.

Sports babura, a cikin abin da 250 cc engine da kuma sama a yau da tsarin da ake kira "kai tsaye ci" ya auku a lokacin da iska ci gaban cowl, game da shi, ciko da Silinda a high gudu ne ta ƙara.

Carburetor kuma da jinsin

Wannan na'ura shirya da kuma dispenses iska-man fetur cakuda, wanda, bayan ta shiga cikin Silinda. Modern carburetors ne na uku iri:

• spool.

• m dilution.

• rajistar.

All m Motors da kuma mota babur "Ural" da spool carburetors. The kawai togiya ne "Ural-Gabas", a kan abin da carburetor m injin.

A spool kafireta maƙura liba haɗa ta dogara sanda. Ta hanyar daukan hotuna zuwa shi ke kula da iska shigar da engine. Tare da nunin bawul hade mazugi allura da aka hada a cikin jin. Lokacin da ya canjãwa cakuda da aka wadãtar ko tsautsayi. Saka a kan fesa gun man fetur jet. Kuma dukan abubuwa tare gyara da dosing tsarin.

A carburetors m dilution maƙura motsi yana daukar kwayar cutar maƙura cewa ne mafi cancanta ga fita daga cikin carburetor. The iska a cikin masallãci sama da iko fistan interacts da carburetor hadawa jam'iyya. Sabõda haka, shi dai itace cewa da motsi na da spool ne kayyade underpressure a ci fili.

Rajistar carburetors, wanda ke sanye take da yawa waje guda-Silinda chetyrehtaktniki kamar Honda injuna hada biyu da suka gabata iri. Yana yana da biyu da hadawa da bẽnãye, inda daya spool aka kore ta rike, yayin da sauran - by wani wuri a cikin hadawa jam'iyya.

jefa

Don fara wani sanyi engine, da bukatar su wadãtar da cakuda. A wasu carburetors kyamara domin wannan yana utopitel taso kan ruwa. Kuma idan aka matse sanda, da man fetur matakin a cikin masallãci yakan sharply zuwa matakin sama da halatta. Saboda wannan, man fara gudãna daga cikin ci wuriyar. A wani bangare na man fetur gudana zahiri. Ga wasu lokaci, duk da haka, da gina carburetors shirya don haka da cewa nau'i biyu ba fada daga. Irin wannan kayayyaki bukatar yin amfani da mayar da hankali da cakuda, wanda yake shi ne shaƙa ko wani man fetur nassi. Ana amfani maimakon utopitelya.

Kwanan nan, hudu-bugun jini babur injuna sau da yawa da man fetur allura tsarin for lantarki. Ya ƙunshi wani famfon da lantarki drive, baturi, electromagnetic injectors, lantarki CU, wanda aka haɗa daban-daban masu auna sigina, da rarraba da yawa.

Akwai ma motor kula da tsarin, inda da gyara na samar da ƙonewa tsarin da ake hada, wanda qara dace da kuma, a lokaci guda, da damar da naúrar.

Babban ikon gazawar saboda babur engine gyara iya da ake bukata, - a rage ko ma lõkacin fatara na man fetur wadata saboda blockage. Don kauce wa wannan, amfani da man fetur tace. Bugu da kari, shi wajibi ne don saka idanu da yanayin iska tace da kuma bututu zuba.

shaye tsarin

A shaye tsarin kunshi wani tubular outflow tashar, da sarewa, da zanen wuya. Biyu-bugun jini a kan size da kuma siffar sassa na tsarin ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yadda ya dace da kuma iko. Saboda haka, da suka yi amfani da shaye tsarin a kan kowane Silinda akayi daban-daban. Bã su da wani resonator tube da kuma silencing bututun ƙarfe.

A chetyrehtaktnikov saki iko bawul na gas rarraba tsarin, don haka abin da rawa a cikinsu ne ba m. Sun yawanci duk sadarwa an rage wa guda silencer.

A wasu al'amurran da suka shafi na babura sanye take da catalytic converters, wanda rage mai guba watsi (su suna shigar, misali, Honda injuna da sauran Japan masana'antun). Irin wannan na'urorin da aka ɓullo da saboda da kara bukatun ga shaye gas a cikin EU, Amurka da kuma Japan. Domin ya hana baya da ejection gaurayawan na cylinders a rago da kuma karamin juyawa daga cikin crankshaft, a cikin shaye tsarin da yawa babur bayar cardinality musamman bawuloli.