Babban halaye na kwamfuta processor

Kalmar "sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar" yanzu da aka sani ga kowane makaranta. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin ko da sa'o'i za a iya samu abubuwa na kwamfuta tsarin. Da ikon yin ilmin lissafi lissafin bayar da musamman kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da wani babban mataki na hadewa da transistors - sarrafawa. Main halaye na microprocessor (CPU), musamman, ƙayyade gudun gudanar da ayyukanta. Shi ya sa masu na sirri kwamfutar ne don haka da muhimmanci a fahimta da wannan batun.

Yau za mu dubi abin da su ne babban halaye na processor da kuma bayar da shawarwari don zaɓar mafi kyau duka model na nasu. Kalmar "data" ya hada da duka biyu ciki fasali da kuma waje sanyata aiwatar. Babban halaye na processor - shi ne, a sama da dukan, iyãwarsa. da yawan bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa. gudun aiki da sauransu.

Kalmar "bit" yana nufin adadin bayanai da za a iya sarrafa ta sake zagayowar (daya aiki). Binary lambobi da aka kira a bit. 8 ragowa sa up daya byte. Modern CPUs iya rike daga 32 zuwa 64 ragowa. Special iri sarrafawa kuma za a iya halin da wani lambobi (4, 128 et al.). Yanzu kwamfuta fasahar da aka} ara yin amfani 64-bit sarrafa kwamfuta.

Zabar wani CPU, ya kamata ka ko da yaushe la'akari da babban halaye na processor. Duk wani kwamfuta mai sanin cewa yi na dukan tsarin da aka fi mayar da m da Agogon gudun da microprocessor. A cikin kasuwar za ka iya samun m model cewa bambanta da juna kawai da mita na aiki. A Agogon mita kaikaice nuna yawan na farko ayyukan yi da IC da naúrar lokaci (yawanci seconds). Select da al'ada kowane lokaci, aka sa'an nan sarrafa ta lantarki (yawaita). Tun da muna magana ne game da mita, shi ne bayyananne cewa wannan siga da aka auna a megahertz (MHz) da kuma gigahertz (GHz). Saboda haka, sauran yanayin zama daidai, wani samfurin tare da mita 3 GHz da sauri fiye da 2.5 GHz.

Main halaye na processor ba m bit zurfin da kuma mita. A lokacin da zabar wani CPU wajibi ne a kula da yawan tsakiya. A ra'ayi na "Multi-core" bayyana gwada da kwanan nan, kawai a gaban daya tsara na masu amfani. Tunda yana da jiki ba zai yiwu ba illa ma sha Allahu ƙara da Agogon gudun kowane sabon model, masana'antun sun yanke shawarar ci a cikin guda kunshin mahara m sarrafawa. Kuma akwai Multi-core CPU. Bayan wannan, musamman hanya don inganta shirin fara, don haka yanzu shi ya sa hankali saya kawai Multi-core model. A gaskiya, har ma da yawa wayoyin hannu riga amfani da dual-core sarrafawa.

A karshe yi mai girma ya rinjayi girman da cache. Ba kamar al'ada ƙwaƙwalwar kayayyaki, cache transistors kai tsaye a sanya a cikin wannan gidaje a matsayin tsakiya. Wannan damar high-gudun data musayar. Akwai uku matakan cache: L1, L2 da L3 (jera domin kara girman). An yi imani da cewa da karuwa kowane daga cikinsu ta 20% take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a gudun by 50% .Naprimer, idan a baya a cikin L2 256KB dauke da ban sha'awa, a yanzu ba wanda zai yi mamaki Multi-megabyte biyu-matakin cache. Zabar wani CPU, ya kamata a fi son zuwa wani samfurin tare da manyan adadin cache memory. Lura cewa L3 ba a amfani da a kan duk model (yayin da rike wani babban gudun lissafin).

A gaba alama - wani siffa na architecture. Ƙaddara da developer, a cikin jaddadawa ake magana a kai a matsayin code sunan ga line - Liano, Sandy Bridge, da dai sauransu Alal misali, kowane sabon ƙarni na sarrafawa daga cikin wannan manufacturer yana da mafi girma gudun (ceteris paribus) ..