Ayyukan al'ajibai sufi. Chudov sufi a cikin Kremlin: tarihi

Mutane da yawa waɗanda suka kasance a kan yawon shakatawa a cikin Kremlin, watakila, ba ku sani ba cewa a yau ne a tarihi site iya duba mabanbanta. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan yanki ne wasu manyan haikali da majami'u aka hallaka, ciki har da Voznesensky da Chudov sufi, da Cathedral na Mai-Ceto a kan Bor da sauran tarihi Monuments.

A tarihin Ikilisiya

Chudov sufi a cikin Kremlin fara gina Lardi na Moskovskiy Aleksy. Domin an zaba wurin da tsohon Khan ta kotu. Duk da yake jakadun rayu a can. Suka zo Moscow domin haraji. Wannan wuri da aka bai a godiya ga abin da Alexis warkar daga makanta matar Janibek - Taydulu. Metropolitan da kaina tafi zuwa ga taro don taimaka wa talakawa mace.

Da farko, da coci da aka gina Arhistratiga Mihaila. Yana da aka kafa a 1365. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin majami'u a Moscow.

Ayyukan al'ajibai sufi daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin Great Lavra (a farkon XVII karni), a lokacin da sarki Filaret.

A 1771 a birnin Moscow ya barke maras wata-wata annoba bore, a lokacin da sufi da aka sace mana 'yan ƙasa.

A lokacin da Rasha-Faransa War a 1812 Chudov sufi, photos na wanda za ka iya gani a wannan labarin, ya aka shagaltar da ta Faransa. Ga shi hedkwatar sojojin Napoleon. Da bagaden sufi da aka undeveloped marmari bedroom for Marshal Davoust. A haikalin da aka binne ta kafa - Lardi Alexy. Ya relics aka ajiye a babban coci har 1686. Suna daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa ga Ikilisiyar Mai Tsarki Lardi Alexy.

Sun gina Haikali a 1814. A musamman taimako ga wannan sanya m M. Bykovsky. Mun gode wa kokarin da babban coci coci na sufi bayyana tagulla iconostasis tare da manyan sarauta kofofin sanya na azurfa.

Da muhimmancin da sufi a Rasha tarihi

Chudov sufi a cikin Kremlin shekaru da yawa taka muhimmiyar rawa a Rasha tarihi. A 1382 da sojojin lalatar Tokhtamysh. A 1441 akwai aka hambarar da Moscow Lardi Isidore, ya kwanan nan ya dawo daga Florence Cathedral. Wakilai daga cikin Rasha Orthodox Church jagorancin Isidore rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan gabatarwar da ƙungiyar a Rasha. A Moscow, tare da yanke shawara mu ba yarda. Isidore aka hambarar da kuma kurkuku a wani sufi.

A 1504, a cikin Chudov sufi yana kurkuku da fice a jirgin saman soja da karkatacciyar koyarwa - Novgorod Lardi Gerontius. A wannan rabo a kãma kuma m Bassion. A 1610 Tsar Vasily IV aka cancanta, da kuma a cikin sufi da aka tilas tonsured matsayin m. Kuma a cikin sufi cell starved zuwa mutuwa bayan shekaru biyu sarki Harmajanas. Za mu iya kawai tsammani yadda wahala gani Ayyukan al'ajibai sufi. Addu'a Arhangelu Mihailu sau da yawa busa a karkashin ta arches.

Da muhimmancin da sufi a ilimin

Ayyukan al'ajibai sufi sanya wata babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da na Rasha. Biyu daga cikin Archimandrite Adrian da Yowakima, aka zabe biyun nan. Hierodeacon Timoti ya zama kula duk coci bikin faruwa a Moscow. Wannan ya faru a zamanin mulkin Peter I. Lokacin a 1737 da Diocese aka mayar a cikin Miracle Haikali farfado da ayyukan kujera na Moscow hierarchs.

A nan sai ya yi aiki Epiphany Slavinetsky - zo daga Kiev Academy. A 1658 ya canjawa wuri zuwa ga sarki "dohturskuyu littafin." Dole ne in ce cewa a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, da kiwon lafiya adabi ya kasance sosai rare, kamar yadda, lalle ne, da kuma magani da kanta, wanda bauta ne kawai mafi girma personages. Domin aikinsa samu mai yawa Epiphany a lokacin da lambar yabo - 10 rubles. Bugu da kari, shi yi aiki na xan wani lokaci, kuma Arseny Greek.

Ilimi a sufi

A bisa ga al'ada a cikin Chudov sufi ga horo kuma kariya daga sharrin rinjayar wadanda mutane al'umma ba da boyars 'ya'yansu. Suka zauna a sufi har goma sha shida, sa'an nan kuma ya koma zuwa ga Musulunci. A cewar Sahaban, a waɗannan kwanaki mazaunin mafi kamar makaranta na aristocracy maimakon wani sufi.

A nan ina rayu lokaci mai tsawo Carion Istomin - haske daga cikin Ukraine. A 1662 ya halicci ABC, wanda baya ba da Sarauniya Natale Kirillovne ga rubuce-rubuce ta jikansa - Prince Alexei.

A heyday cikin Haikali

An yi imani da cewa da ganiya Ayyukan al'ajibai sufi kai farkon XVII karni. Sa'an nan aka kira Great Lavra. A wannan lokaci, tare da goyon bayan sarki Filaret nan shi ya fara dauka ta farko dalibai na Greek-Latin Academy. A cikin sacristy na sufi kiyaye mafi muhimmanci da gudunmawar da Rasha tsars, boyars da kuma babban sarakuna. Akwai wata babbar library tare da m samfurori da littattafai. Yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Rasha taskõkin.

The sufi da hudu Ibada. A farkon karni na XVI (1501 g) a shafin na wani tsoho, amma dismantled da lokaci da haikalin da aka gina da Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila. Alekseevskaya dutse coci bayyana a karshen cikin XV karni. Yana ƙone 'yan sau, sa'an nan ya gina sau da yawa. Amma duk da wannan, akwai for ƙarni aka yi masa baftisma da sarauta yara. Akwai baftisma yara na Ivan da Munin, Alexis - nan gaba sarki, Bitrus I, da kuma Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II. Ƙawata ganuwar da coci na kama makamai na Rasha sojojin kama a cikin fadace-fadace na Rasha-Persian yaki na 1816.

Church na Gaske Shelar coci mallakar Alexis. Yana da aka gina a 1501 da kuma sake gina a 1826. A wannan coci ya aka girmama da dubban parishioners Nikolaya Chudotvortsa icon.

Amma mafi kananan-sized coci da aka gina a cikin girmamawa St. Andrew bigiren.

Haikali a cikin Soviet zamanin

A 1917 da coci da aka mugun lalace. Gwamnatin Soviet Jamhuriyar koma daga Petrograd ga Kremlin. Ga wasu lokaci da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin sufi, amma wannan unguwa quncin rai da sabon hukumomi.

A shekara ta 1919 da coci da aka rufe. Da farko, akwai da aka sanya m "kwaminis" da kuma sanya wani bukka-karatu dakin. Ya aka daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa Lechsanupra, wadda ke da alhakin da kiwon lafiya na 'yan Soviet gwamnatin da kuma sauran manyan baki. A shekara ta 1929, da al'ajibai da Hawan Yesu zuwa sama sufi hallaka. Sai da na ɗauki wuri domin gina makaranta gine-gine shugabannin Red Army. Gininsu, aikin da aka ɓullo da m Rerberg.

Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral sha wahala kaya daga St. Alexis. A shekarar 1947, a request na Alexis I, su aka canjawa wuri zuwa Bloch ta Cathedral, inda ƙarya a yau. A mafi muhimmanci da icon aka mayar da su cikin Kremlin gidan makamai da kuma Tretyakov Gallery.

Church da Kremlin majami'u hallaka a cikin XX karni

Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin XX karni a cikin Kremlin shi aka halaka 17 majami'u da suke da musamman tarihi Monuments. Ancient taswirar Kremlin a Moscow da kuma infographics damar ganin cewa a wannan yanki ne, baya daga Hawan Yesu zuwa sama da kuma Miracle sufi, da Church of Constantine a kan kalmasa, Church na Gaske Shelar, Cathedral na Transfiguration, wani ban mamaki abin tunawa ga Alexander II da sauransu.

Ayyukan al'ajibai mayar sufi ... Shin zai yiwu?

Kwanan nan, an bayar da rahoton cewa shugaban kasar Rasha V. V. Putin ya umarci maido da Voznesensky da Chudov gidajen lama.

Aikin gine-gine za su fara bayan da pre-rami. Yau irin Ivanovo (da na mallaka) yanki alama quite saba. Da alama m cewa da zarar ta duba daban-daban. Kawai hotuna na XIX karni da Kremlin a Moscow a kan taswira ba wani tunani na yadda duk abin da ya marmari da kuma grand. A site na tsohon sufi ne a yanzu an unremarkable gini na 14th karin ginin, wanda shi ma yana da wani yawa na shekaru a gyara.

Map na Kremlin a Moscow, idan mun gabatar da wani zane na halakar da gidajen lama a kan shi (Chudov da Hawan Yesu zuwa sama), a fili ya nuna yadda yawa sarari ne shagaltar da hallaka haikalin. Bugu da kari ga ƙasa a wanda yanzu gidaje da 14th Corps, sun mamaye fiye da rabin na Ivanovo area (kusan zuwa Tsar igwa).

babban-sikelin aikin

Masana sun kuma masana tarihi sun yi wahayi zuwa ga begen nan gaba aiki. A kudi na Tretyakov Gallery tsira kawai bakwai frescoes na Chudov sufi, 'yan suna a cikin wasu gidajen tarihi. Hagu, kuma cikakken zane na wadannan gine-gine. Jakunkuna da musamman, mu'ujiza ya kiyaye roughing zane bazawara na daya masanin kimiyyar ya ba Museum of Architecture. Mijinta kokarin mafi cikakken zane da kuma auna gidajen lama bayani. Bisa ga ma'aikatan na Museum of Architecture, to wadannan zane-zane da kuma zayyana zai yiwu su mayar idan ba dukan gungu na sufi, babban gina su domin tabbatar.

A Kremlin a yau ya mayar da tsoho dakunan na Kremlin Palace, sake ƙirƙirarsu almara Red Linkoki. Amma a kan samu daga cikin manyan hasarori na XX karni kwanan masana kimiyya da kuma tarihi ba zai iya ko da mafarki game da.

Domin zane, rami, yi iya dauka da yawa da suka gabata. Amma wannan ba batu. Yana da muhimmanci cewa, a karshen fuskar Kremlin za a mayar.