Archaisms da historicism. Misalai darajar da

Kowane mutum wanda yake so ya koya kuma ci gaba, ko da yaushe jihãdi ga koyi wani sabon abu da kuma amfani da kansu. Dauke da muhimmanci musamman ƙamus da cewa ba kawai ya dade da mudu na erudition, amma kuma zai iya taimakawa a cikin mafi m yanayi. A wannan labarin, za ka koyi game da abin da archaisms da historicism. Misalan kalmomi da kuma mahallin iya zama da amfani musamman m ga bayanai.

historicism

Archaisms da historicism - shi ne wani category na ƙamus. Wannan ya hada da long- rabu amfani kalmomi. Misalai: historicism - gatari. archaisms - Zelo, wannan. By historicism su ne sunayen abubuwa da aka yi amfani da kakanninmu, da kuma kwanan nan sai dai a gidajen tarihi. Alal misali, kalmar nan "musket", wanda tsaye ga wani tsoho makami da aka yi amfani a Rasha da dama ƙarni da suka wuce. By historicism ya shafi kalmar "gatari", wakiltar daya daga cikin iri na fama kayayyaki. Yana da wani abu mai kama zuwa wani zamani gatari, amma tare da biyu ruwan wukake.

Ta yaya historicism

Babban dalilin da cewa a lokacin da harshen bayyana historicism, wani canji a cikin saba rayuwa na kakanninmu, al'adu, kimiyya da al'adu. Alal misali, dadaddun nau'in na tufafi -'s gashi, gashi, jacket - daina amfani, da kuma wannan ya kai ga bacewar su sunayen daga harshe. Yanzu wadannan Concepts za a iya samu ne kawai a tarihi kwatancin. Akwai maganganu masu yawa da cewa an daina amfani da shi, da kuma yanzu suna kira a matsayin "historicism" category. Wani misali na wannan - ra'ayi cewa ko ta yaya shãfe na serfdom a Rasha. Daga cikin su - da haya, aiki wajibai, to fayil.

archaisms

Wannan category hada da kalmomi da cewa nuna a fakaice abubuwa da Concepts cewa wanzu har yanzu, amma tare da sauya sunayen. Ga misali, da kakanninmu, maimakon na zamani "wannan" ce "wannan" da kuma "sosai" kara kamar "ƙwarai." Historicism da archaisms, misalai na wanda ake samu a cikin da yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, ba a ko da yaushe gaba daya maye gurbinsu da wasu kalmomi, za su iya kawai partially a canza. Alal misali, a karin lafazi ko morphologically.

Ta yaya archaisms

Wannan irin rabu amfani kalmomi bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa a kan lokaci da wani ƙamus an canza, gwamnatin da kuma assimilated da sauran harsuna. Saboda haka, wasu kalmomi suna maye gurbinsu da wasu, amma tare da wannan ma'anar. Wannan shi ne wani ɓangare na ƙamus cewa ya wanzu bayansa kansa, amma ba ya gaba daya bace daga harshe. Wadannan kalmomi ana adana a cikin adabi, takardu da sauransu. Don ƙirƙirar tarihi almarar da suka kada bukatar su iya sake da dandano na zamanin da aka bayyana.

karin lafazi archaisms

Don irin wannan sun hada da zamani kalmomi da Concepts da suke da daban-daban daga wasiyya kawai 'yan sauti, wani lokacin kawai daya. Alal misali, karin lafazi archaisms iya hada irin kalmomi kamar "mawãƙi", wadda daga ƙarshe ta samo asali a cikin "mawãƙi" da "wuta" ya zama "wuta."

morphological archaisms

Wannan category hada da kalmomi da suka zama m a cikin tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da suna "ferocity" wanda ya zama "ferocity", da siffa "nervously" samo asali a cikin wani "m", kalmomin nan "durkushe", wanda a yanzu karanta kamar "kasa" da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

na ginin jumla archaisms

Archaisms da historicism, misalai na kalmomi da aka samu a ko'ina, sau da yawa yana yiwuwa rasa ta gaskiya ma'anar. Alal misali, ta zamani "kunya" kafin nufin kome ba fiye da wani "spectacle" da haihuwa "talakawa" ana nufin wani abu ne da aka yi a rana daya (misali, "talakawa hanya"), da kuma ba "talakawa".

zamani amfani

Wani lokaci wadannan kalmomi, wanda aka rabu amfani, don haka ya canja cewa sun fara yin amfani da sabon darajar. Wannan za a iya ce game da yadda archaisms da historicism game. Wani misali na wannan - da kalmar "daular". Wasu lokaci da suka wuce da shi daina za a yi amfani da, amma yanzu shi ne mayar da a Vogue. Idan a baya yana iya kawai a haɗe shi da kalmomi kamar "sarauta" da "monarchical", amma yanzu da ikon yinsa, ta yin amfani da ya girma muhimmanci. Yanzu za ka iya ji game da daular na loggers ko hakar gwal, wanda nufin cewa wannan sana'a ne gada daga uba zuwa ga ɗa. Wani lokaci aka rabu amfani da kalmomi za a iya samu a wani m mahallin.

barga magana

Rabu amfani kalmomi ci gaba da zama fara aiki a cikin harshen matsayin wani ɓangare na gyarawa maganganu. Saboda haka, za mu ci gaba da wasu daga historicism. Misali: kalmar "yatsu" har yanzu ana amfani da harshe a cikin "slack" magana, wanda ke nufin "zauna da baya". A wannan za a iya ce game da barga magana "kaifafa fritters," ie, "yammer".

Degeneration VS Revival

Sai ya faru don haka da cewa kalmomin da cewa masana ilimin harsuna sun yi ƙarfin halin dauki historicism, sake fara yin amfani da saboda gaskiyar cewa Concepts da suka wakilci, sake fara yin amfani da. A wannan abu na iya ma faru idan shi da aka halitta da wani sabon abu da cewa shi ne a kowace hanya kamar wani m ra'ayi ko hade da shi. Yanzu wadannan kalmomi wuya reminiscent historicism. Misali: a sadaka da yamma, Ensign.

ƙarshe

Ya kamata a lura cewa ko da yake duk na sama aka rabu amfani da kalmomi ne m m tafki na ƙamus, ba su gushe wasa da muhimmancin gaske. Reading da waɗannan ayyukansu mashawarta marubuta kamar Tolstoy, Dostoevsky ko Mayakovsky, za a iya sau da yawa sosai a samu historicism da archaisms, kuma a daidai fahimci ra'ayin cewa marubucin so kai, shi ne dole ya zama sane da muhimmancin. Saboda haka, idan ka zo fadin wani wanda ba a sani kalma, shi ne mafi kyau ga koma zuwa ga iko kamus.