The m ne crystalline da amorphous jiki. Crystal - don haka ya kira a zamanin d kankara. Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo da za a kira ma'adini crystal kuma rhinestone, idan akai la'akari da wadannan ma'adanai petrified kankara. A lu'ulu'u ne na halitta da kuma mutum da aka yi (roba). Suna amfani a cikin kayan ado masana'antu, kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, Electronics da lantarki injiniya, kamar yadda na goyon bayan ga abubuwa a high-daidaici kida kamar yadda superhard abrasive kayan.
Crystalline daskararru ne halin da taurin, da tsananin yau da kullum da matsayi a sarari daga kwayoyin, kwayoyin zarra ko ions, game da shi, ya kafa wani lokaci-lokaci uku-girma crystal raga (tsarin). Azahiri, shi ne aka bayyana musamman m siffar fasali na jiki da kuma wasu jiki Properties. A waje nau'i na crystal jiki nuna fasali muhimmi a ciki "marufi" na barbashi. Wannan kayyade daidaici na kusassari tsakanin fuskoki da duk lu'ulu'u kunshi guda abu.
Za su zama daidai da kuma nesa daga cibiyar zuwa cibiyar tsakanin makwabta kwayoyin halitta (idan suka located a kan wani guda mike line, wannan nesa zai zama iri ɗaya a ko'ina cikin tsawon na line). Amma ga kwayoyin halitta da cewa karya a kan wani madaidaiciya line daga wasu shugabanci, da nesa zai zama daban-daban tsakanin cibiyoyin da kwayoyin halitta. Wannan asusun ga anisotropy. Anisotropy - mafi muhimmanci, ya bambanta daga amorphous crystalline daskararru.
Fiye da 90% daskararru za a iya dangana ga lu'ulu'u. A yanayi, da suka wanzu a cikin nau'i na guda lu'ulu'u da polycrystalline samfurori. Single lu'ulu'u - guda, fuskoki dabam-dabam na wanda aka wakilta yau da kullum polygons. su ne halin da kasancewar wani m crystal raga, da kuma anisotropy na jiki Properties.
Polycrystals - wani jiki ya kunshi mutane da yawa kananan lu'ulu'u, "Fused" tare da juna da ɗan erratically. Polycrystals ne karafa, sugar, kankara, yashi. A cikin irin wannan jikin (msl, wani karfe gutsure) anisotropy ne ba yakan bayyananne saboda da bazuwar tsari daga cikin abubuwa, ko da yake dabam dauka crystal anisotropy halayyar jiki.
Other Properties na crystalline kayan: zazzabi tsananin ayyana crystallization da kuma narkewa maki (gaban m maki), ƙarfi, elasticity, watsin, juyi, kadan watsin.
Amorphous - da ciwon ba siffar. Saboda haka a zahiri da aka fassara daga Girkanci kalmar. Amorphous jiki halitta da yanayi. Alal misali, amber, kakin zuma, volcanic gilashi. Ta ƙirƙirar wucin gadi amorphous daskararru da hannu persons - gilashi kuma guduro (wucin gadi), paraffin, robobi (polymers), rosin, naphthalene, var. Amorphous abubuwa ba su da wata crystal raga saboda da m tsari na kwayoyin (kwayoyin halitta, ions) a cikin jikin tsarin. Saboda haka, da jiki Properties wasu amorphous isotropic jiki - guda a duk inda. Domin amorphous kayan, akwai wani m zazzabi narkewa batu, sun hankali tausasa gare dumama da kuma juya zuwa danko sosai ruwa. Amorphous gawarwakin kasaftawa tsaka-tsaki (mika mulki) halin da ake ciki tsakanin taya da crystalline daskararru: suka taurara da kuma zama na roba cigaba iya crack lokacin da ya buge m lumps a low yanayin zafi. A high yanayin zafi, wadannan abubuwa nuna ductility, zama da danko sosai taya.
Yanzu da ka san abin da crystal jiki!